Phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) by cv. Crioula: A Brazilian alfalfa cultivar

This work aimed to evaluate the phytoremediation capacity of the alfalfa cultivar Crioula in soils contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), primary pollutants with mutagenic and carcinogenic potential. Alfalfa was grown from seed for 40 days on soil amended with anthracene, pyrene,...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inInternational journal of phytoremediation Vol. 20; no. 8; pp. 747 - 755
Main Authors Alves, Wilber S, Manoel, Evelin A, Santos, Noemi S, Nunes, Rosane O, Domiciano, Giselli C, Soares, Marcia R
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Taylor & Francis Ltd 03.07.2018
Subjects
Alfalfa
Anthracene
Biodegradation, Environmental
Brazil
Carcinogens
Cultivars
Liquid chromatography
Medicago sativa
Phenanthrene
Phytoremediation
Plant biomass
Plant tissues
Pollutants
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - analysis
Pyrene
Soil contamination
Soil Pollutants - analysis
Soil pollution
Temporal variations
Brazil
Medicago sativa L
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
phytoremediation
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract This work aimed to evaluate the phytoremediation capacity of the alfalfa cultivar Crioula in soils contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), primary pollutants with mutagenic and carcinogenic potential. Alfalfa was grown from seed for 40 days on soil amended with anthracene, pyrene, and phenanthrene. Soil and plant tissue was collected for biometric assay, dry mass analysis, and PAH analysis by liquid chromatography. Increased total PAH concentration was associated with decreases in plant biomass, height, and internode length. The Crioula cultivar had a satisfactory phytoremediation effect, reducing total PAH concentration (300 ppm) in the experimental soil by 85% in 20 days, and by more than 95% in 40 days. The PAH showed a tendency to be removed in the temporal order: phenanthrene before pyrene before anthracene, and the removal ratio was influenced by the initial soil concentration of each PAH.
AbstractList This work aimed to evaluate the phytoremediation capacity of the alfalfa cultivar Crioula in soils contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), primary pollutants with mutagenic and carcinogenic potential. Alfalfa was grown from seed for 40 days on soil amended with anthracene, pyrene, and phenanthrene. Soil and plant tissue was collected for biometric assay, dry mass analysis, and PAH analysis by liquid chromatography. Increased total PAH concentration was associated with decreases in plant biomass, height, and internode length. The Crioula cultivar had a satisfactory phytoremediation effect, reducing total PAH concentration (300 ppm) in the experimental soil by 85% in 20 days, and by more than 95% in 40 days. The PAH showed a tendency to be removed in the temporal order: phenanthrene before pyrene before anthracene, and the removal ratio was influenced by the initial soil concentration of each PAH.
This work aimed to evaluate the phytoremediation capacity of the alfalfa cultivar Crioula in soils contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), primary pollutants with mutagenic and carcinogenic potential. Alfalfa was grown from seed for 40 days on soil amended with anthracene, pyrene, and phenanthrene. Soil and plant tissue was collected for biometric assay, dry mass analysis, and PAH analysis by liquid chromatography. Increased total PAH concentration was associated with decreases in plant biomass, height, and internode length. The Crioula cultivar had a satisfactory phytoremediation effect, reducing total PAH concentration (300 ppm) in the experimental soil by 85% in 20 days, and by more than 95% in 40 days. The PAH showed a tendency to be removed in the temporal order: phenanthrene before pyrene before anthracene, and the removal ratio was influenced by the initial soil concentration of each PAH.
Author Alves, Wilber S
Manoel, Evelin A
Nunes, Rosane O
Santos, Noemi S
Soares, Marcia R
Domiciano, Giselli C
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Wilber S
  surname: Alves
  fullname: Alves, Wilber S
  organization: b Programa Químico de Petróleo e Biocombustíveis PRH-01, Instituto de Química, UFRJ - Centro de Tecnologia, Cidade Universitária , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Evelin A
  surname: Manoel
  fullname: Manoel, Evelin A
  organization: c Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica , Faculdade de Farmácia, UFRJ - Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, Cidade Universitária , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Noemi S
  surname: Santos
  fullname: Santos, Noemi S
  organization: a Departamento de Bioquímica , Instituto de Química, UFRJ - Centro de Tecnologia, Cidade Universitária , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Rosane O
  surname: Nunes
  fullname: Nunes, Rosane O
  organization: a Departamento de Bioquímica , Instituto de Química, UFRJ - Centro de Tecnologia, Cidade Universitária , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Giselli C
  surname: Domiciano
  fullname: Domiciano, Giselli C
  organization: a Departamento de Bioquímica , Instituto de Química, UFRJ - Centro de Tecnologia, Cidade Universitária , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Marcia R
  surname: Soares
  fullname: Soares, Marcia R
  organization: a Departamento de Bioquímica , Instituto de Química, UFRJ - Centro de Tecnologia, Cidade Universitária , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29775101$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNo9kE9Lw0AQxRepWFv9CMqCFz0k7v_NeqtFrVCwBz2HzWZjt6TZukkK8dOb0FYYmOHx3gzzm4BR5SsLwA1GMUYJesScEMExiwnCSYwZ4ULQM3CJOVORTKQaDTMh0WAag0ldbxDCkgl8AcZESckxwpfge7XuGh_s1uZON85X0Bdw58vOdKZ0Burgt71u4LrLgzc6ZL6q4f1qtniAWQfNPobz4Hxb6ic4g89B_7rS6QrqshgKmrZs3F6HK3DeC7W9PvYp-Hp9-ZwvouXH2_t8towMpbKJcoUo1ZQixfsnOUlMLpUUmTAqySxNEC6kVrmQokgoI8QYJiTNMytUIgqJ6RTcHfbugv9pbd2kG9-Gqj-ZEsSwJBQz1rv4wWWCr-tgi3QX3FaHLsUoHfCmJ7zpgDc94u1zt8ftbdYT-0-deNI_CBJ1ug
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_3390_su15031852
crossref_primary_10_1002_rem_21769
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11356_021_18230_7
crossref_primary_10_1007_s13762_022_04420_4
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_gexplo_2024_107426
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eti_2023_103189
crossref_primary_10_1080_15226514_2020_1825324
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11356_022_19963_9
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jbiotec_2021_09_013
crossref_primary_10_3390_plants10071478
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10646_019_02034_0
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_plgene_2022_100371
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11368_019_02274_x
crossref_primary_10_1007_s13762_022_04311_8
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ecoenv_2021_112124
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chemosphere_2022_134578
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_micres_2021_126885
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_sajb_2022_12_014
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chemosphere_2021_132981
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jclepro_2023_137103
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11270_019_4341_4
Cites_doi 10.1007/BF00155512
10.1023/A:1011806706658
10.1002/(SICI)1522-2624(200002)163:1%3c27::AID-JPLN27%3e3.0.CO;2-E
10.1016/j.tox.2013.01.003
10.1016/j.chroma.2005.01.033
10.1081/ESE-200026309
10.1016/j.envpol.2004.06.002
10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00244-4
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.09.041
10.1016/j.jplph.2015.07.014
10.1016/j.envpol.2007.11.008
10.1016/S0141-1136(99)00071-9
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.11.126
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.10.068
10.1007/978-94-007-1957-6_1
10.1073/pnas.242343999
10.1007/BF02987315
10.1016/j.envpol.2005.02.023
10.4257/oeco.2007.1102.03
10.1016/j.chroma.2005.05.085
10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.03.017
10.1016/j.envpol.2010.05.012
10.1021/bk-1997-0664.ch016
10.1016/s0002-2670(98)00186-X
10.1021/es504466b
10.1016/j.micron.2017.01.004
10.1128/AEM.68.4.1808-1816.2002
10.1002/1521-3846(200205)22:1/2%3c43::AID-ABIO43%3e3.0.CO;2-3
10.1104/pp.110.3.715
10.1155/2010/398381
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.12.063
10.1146/annurev.arplant.56.032604.144214
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.01.037
10.1016/j.envpol.2011.10.034
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2018 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Copyright_xml – notice: 2018 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
DBID CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
AAYXX
CITATION
7QF
7QO
7QQ
7SC
7SE
7SP
7SR
7T7
7TA
7TB
7TV
7U5
8BQ
8FD
C1K
F28
FR3
H8D
H8G
JG9
JQ2
K9.
KR7
L7M
L~C
L~D
M7N
P64
DOI 10.1080/15226514.2018.1425663
DatabaseName Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
CrossRef
Aluminium Industry Abstracts
Biotechnology Research Abstracts
Ceramic Abstracts
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts
Corrosion Abstracts
Electronics & Communications Abstracts
Engineered Materials Abstracts
Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)
Materials Business File
Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts
Pollution Abstracts
Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts
METADEX
Technology Research Database
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering
Engineering Research Database
Aerospace Database
Copper Technical Reference Library
Materials Research Database
ProQuest Computer Science Collection
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
Civil Engineering Abstracts
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts – Academic
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional
Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
DatabaseTitle MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
CrossRef
Materials Research Database
Technology Research Database
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts – Academic
Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts
ProQuest Computer Science Collection
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
Pollution Abstracts
Materials Business File
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
Aerospace Database
Copper Technical Reference Library
Engineered Materials Abstracts
Biotechnology Research Abstracts
Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)
Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering
Civil Engineering Abstracts
Aluminium Industry Abstracts
Electronics & Communications Abstracts
Ceramic Abstracts
METADEX
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional
Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts
Engineering Research Database
Corrosion Abstracts
DatabaseTitleList MEDLINE
Materials Research Database
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 2
  dbid: EIF
  name: MEDLINE
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search
  sourceTypes: Index Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Engineering
EISSN 1549-7879
EndPage 755
ExternalDocumentID 10_1080_15226514_2018_1425663
29775101
Genre Journal Article
GeographicLocations Brazil
GeographicLocations_xml – name: Brazil
GroupedDBID ---
.7F
.QJ
0BK
0R~
29J
2DF
30N
36B
3YN
4.4
53G
5GY
5VS
AAENE
AAHBH
AAJMT
AALDU
AAMIU
AAPUL
AAQRR
ABCCY
ABDBF
ABFIM
ABJNI
ABLIJ
ABPAQ
ABPEM
ABTAI
ABXYU
ACGEJ
ACGFO
ACGFS
ACGOD
ACIWK
ACPRK
ACTIO
ADCVX
ADGTB
ADXPE
AEGXH
AEGYZ
AEISY
AENEX
AEOZL
AEPSL
AEYOC
AFKVX
AFRAH
AGDLA
AGMYJ
AHDZW
AIAGR
AIJEM
AJWEG
AKBVH
AKOOK
ALIPV
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ALQZU
AQRUH
AVBZW
AWYRJ
BLEHA
CCCUG
CE4
CGR
CS3
CUY
CVF
DGEBU
DKSSO
DU5
EAP
EBD
EBS
ECM
EIF
EJD
EMB
EMK
EMOBN
EPL
EST
ESX
E~A
E~B
F5P
GTTXZ
H13
HF~
HZ~
H~P
I-F
IPNFZ
J.P
KYCEM
M4Z
ML.
NA5
NPM
O9-
P2P
RIG
RNANH
ROSJB
RRB
RTWRZ
RWL
S-T
SNACF
SV3
TAE
TBQAZ
TDBHL
TEI
TFL
TFT
TFW
TQWBC
TTHFI
TUROJ
TUS
TWF
UT5
UU3
ZGOLN
~02
~KM
~S~
AAYXX
ABXUL
AFWLO
CITATION
7QF
7QO
7QQ
7SC
7SE
7SP
7SR
7T7
7TA
7TB
7TV
7U5
8BQ
8FD
C1K
F28
FR3
H8D
H8G
JG9
JQ2
K9.
KR7
L7M
L~C
L~D
M7N
P64
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c337t-d9033a33095080528cd7976b6c98be3801f7a9d676f83422cc4673dbe6986f713
ISSN 1522-6514
IngestDate Wed Nov 13 11:33:34 EST 2024
Fri Aug 23 04:03:36 EDT 2024
Wed Oct 16 00:49:33 EDT 2024
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 8
Keywords Medicago sativa L
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
phytoremediation
Language English
LinkModel OpenURL
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c337t-d9033a33095080528cd7976b6c98be3801f7a9d676f83422cc4673dbe6986f713
PMID 29775101
PQID 2041723144
PQPubID 44718
PageCount 9
ParticipantIDs proquest_journals_2041723144
crossref_primary_10_1080_15226514_2018_1425663
pubmed_primary_29775101
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2018-07-03
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2018-07-03
PublicationDate_xml – month: 07
  year: 2018
  text: 2018-07-03
  day: 03
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace United States
PublicationPlace_xml – name: United States
– name: Boca Raton
PublicationTitle International journal of phytoremediation
PublicationTitleAlternate Int J Phytoremediation
PublicationYear 2018
Publisher Taylor & Francis Ltd
Publisher_xml – name: Taylor & Francis Ltd
References cit0011
cit0033
cit0034
cit0012
cit0031
cit0032
cit0010
cit0030
USEPA - United State Environmental Protection Agency (cit0016) 2000
Hoagland DR (cit0019) 1950; 347
cit0017
cit0039
cit0018
cit0037
cit0038
cit0013
cit0035
cit0014
cit0036
cit0022
cit0001
cit0023
cit0020
cit0021
cit0040
Rassini JB (cit0015) 2008
cit0008
cit0009
cit0028
cit0006
cit0007
cit0029
cit0004
cit0026
cit0027
cit0005
cit0024
cit0002
cit0025
cit0003
References_xml – ident: cit0029
  doi: 10.1007/BF00155512
– start-page: 39
  volume-title: Cultivo e utilização da alfafa nos trópicos
  year: 2008
  ident: cit0015
  contributor:
    fullname: Rassini JB
– ident: cit0028
  doi: 10.1023/A:1011806706658
– ident: cit0033
  doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2624(200002)163:1%3c27::AID-JPLN27%3e3.0.CO;2-E
– ident: cit0004
  doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.01.003
– ident: cit0022
  doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.01.033
– ident: cit0023
– ident: cit0027
  doi: 10.1081/ESE-200026309
– ident: cit0010
  doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2004.06.002
– ident: cit0031
  doi: 10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00244-4
– ident: cit0006
– ident: cit0035
  doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.09.041
– ident: cit0039
  doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.07.014
– ident: cit0036
  doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.11.008
– ident: cit0030
  doi: 10.1016/S0141-1136(99)00071-9
– ident: cit0026
  doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.11.126
– ident: cit0011
  doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.10.068
– ident: cit0009
  doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-1957-6_1
– ident: cit0018
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.242343999
– volume: 347
  start-page: 1
  year: 1950
  ident: cit0019
  publication-title: Calif Agric Exp Stn
  contributor:
    fullname: Hoagland DR
– ident: cit0005
  doi: 10.1007/BF02987315
– volume-title: Introduction to phytoremediation.
  year: 2000
  ident: cit0016
  contributor:
    fullname: USEPA - United State Environmental Protection Agency
– ident: cit0034
  doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.02.023
– ident: cit0003
  doi: 10.4257/oeco.2007.1102.03
– ident: cit0024
  doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.05.085
– ident: cit0002
  doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.03.017
– ident: cit0037
  doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.05.012
– ident: cit0014
  doi: 10.1021/bk-1997-0664.ch016
– ident: cit0020
  doi: 10.1016/s0002-2670(98)00186-X
– ident: cit0001
  doi: 10.1021/es504466b
– ident: cit0040
  doi: 10.1016/j.micron.2017.01.004
– ident: cit0017
  doi: 10.1128/AEM.68.4.1808-1816.2002
– ident: cit0013
  doi: 10.1002/1521-3846(200205)22:1/2%3c43::AID-ABIO43%3e3.0.CO;2-3
– ident: cit0032
– ident: cit0007
  doi: 10.1104/pp.110.3.715
– ident: cit0025
  doi: 10.1155/2010/398381
– ident: cit0012
  doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.12.063
– ident: cit0008
  doi: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.56.032604.144214
– ident: cit0021
  doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.01.037
– ident: cit0038
  doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.10.034
SSID ssj0017461
Score 2.3229623
Snippet This work aimed to evaluate the phytoremediation capacity of the alfalfa cultivar Crioula in soils contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs),...
SourceID proquest
crossref
pubmed
SourceType Aggregation Database
Index Database
StartPage 747
SubjectTerms Alfalfa
Anthracene
Biodegradation, Environmental
Brazil
Carcinogens
Cultivars
Liquid chromatography
Medicago sativa
Phenanthrene
Phytoremediation
Plant biomass
Plant tissues
Pollutants
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - analysis
Pyrene
Soil contamination
Soil Pollutants - analysis
Soil pollution
Temporal variations
Title Phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) by cv. Crioula: A Brazilian alfalfa cultivar
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29775101
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2041723144
Volume 20
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1bb9MwFLbK9gIPiDvdBvIDDyCUksS5OLwVtqncSsU6MfES2Y7DKpWmSi9S9oP4nRzHTupuAwFSFVVR40bHX875zsm5IPQspmDkPSGdLPMSJ4h56CSRwjIYH7DHVGR1t_1Pw2hwGrw_C886nZ9W1tJqyXvi4tq6kv_ZVTgH-6qqZP9hZ9tF4QR8h_2FI-wwHP9qj0fnFbjMsq7-aJjfvJhWohKqdzUrC92Q9bzKwE6xkqu8GKCUo_5ARQOAeYp1T032KlZTpmvU35TsYlKHPtg0V596oO1kzUqbxm7HEa3uE_NLd9TiabrW-gi0EJflSysSPit0osDRWpXGb2KrJ2q88UK_W5I_JptLhiszXuBLsWDAkT_bkQuP1lmupMXa-MoQESuTqdbF4CdHoa4x7UlzLkgc0DGJrcB91wIqtbRxrJt5XrESOq1Sra-WV_l9FCwGkD-ja7e6cg_6J-no8Dj9-G744Qba9UGhgSbd7Q8Ov31t31fFgenMa265qRWj7qtr_2abBf3GtakpzvgOum18E9zXQLuLOnJ2D92yOlbeR98vQw4XOd5ADjeQwzbk8HMA3AvMKwxwwwZur3Eft2DDBmy4AdsDdHp8NH47cMysDkcQEi-dLHEJYYS4aqqwG_rwkMfAdHkkEsolAR6UxyzJojjKKQl8Xwiw0CTjMkpolMceeYh2ZsVMPkZYxIy7eUJC6bOAReDSc0okYZ7vc595tIt6jezSuW7Jknqm020j7FQJOzXC7qKDRsKpeSIW8IMAuDvxgqCLHmmpt6v54BQpW7X35wv30c0NrA_QzrJcySdAUZf8qcHHL-lBjPY
link.rule.ids 315,783,787,27936,27937
linkProvider Library Specific Holdings
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Phytoremediation+of+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbons+%28PAH%29+by+cv.+Crioula%3A+A+Brazilian+alfalfa+cultivar&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+phytoremediation&rft.au=Alves%2C+Wilber+S&rft.au=Manoel%2C+Evelin+A&rft.au=Santos%2C+Noemi+S&rft.au=Nunes%2C+Rosane+O&rft.date=2018-07-03&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis+Ltd&rft.issn=1522-6514&rft.eissn=1549-7879&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=747&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15226514.2018.1425663&rft.externalDBID=HAS_PDF_LINK
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1522-6514&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1522-6514&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1522-6514&client=summon