Selected social impact indicators influenced by materials for green energy technologies

The social risks of green energy transition are underexplored. One of the important questions is which materials used in green energy technologies offer the greatest social benefits, such as ensuring decent living conditions, and which pose the most social risks. To address this issue, we develop a...

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Published inNature communications Vol. 15; no. 1; pp. 9336 - 13
Main Authors Rahimpour, Saeed, El-Wali, Mohammad, Makarava, Iryna, Tuomisto, Hanna L., Lundström, Mari, Kraslawski, Andrzej
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 29.10.2024
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Subjects
639/301/299
639/4077/909
704/844/685
Alternative energy
Aluminum
Child labor
Clean energy
Cobalt
Electric vehicles
Employment
Energy flow
Energy technology
Gallium
Germanium
Green energy
Humanities and Social Sciences
Labor
Life cycle analysis
Life cycle assessment
Lithium
Lithium-ion batteries
Living conditions
Magnesium
multidisciplinary
Nickel
Occupational safety
Panels
Photovoltaics
Rare earth elements
Renewable energy
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Silicon
Social impact
Sustainable development
System dynamics
Tellurium
Turbines
Wind power
Wind turbines
Working conditions
Zinc
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Abstract The social risks of green energy transition are underexplored. One of the important questions is which materials used in green energy technologies offer the greatest social benefits, such as ensuring decent living conditions, and which pose the most social risks. To address this issue, we develop a dynamic material-energy flow model integrating system dynamics, social life cycle assessment, and geometallurgical approaches. The analysis focuses on critical materials: Rare Earth Elements, Nickel, Silicon, Graphite, Magnesium, Gallium, Germanium, Indium, Aluminum, Cobalt, Lithium, Zinc, and Tellurium used in wind turbines, electric vehicles, lithium-ion batteries and solar photovoltaic panels. We assess their social impact on work safety, gender equality, informal employment, labor income share, employment rate, and child labor—key issues addressed by Sustainable Development Goals 1, 5, and 8. Here we show that Aluminum production for electric vehicles, wind turbines and solar photovoltaic panels generates the most jobs and income opportunities, while extraction of Cobalt, Lithium, Silicon, and Zinc carry the highest social risks. This study identifies materials used in green energy technologies with the most social benefits and risks. Aluminum production creates the most jobs while cobalt, lithium, silicon and zinc pose the highest risks including child labor and unsafe work conditions.
AbstractList The social risks of green energy transition are underexplored. One of the important questions is which materials used in green energy technologies offer the greatest social benefits, such as ensuring decent living conditions, and which pose the most social risks. To address this issue, we develop a dynamic material-energy flow model integrating system dynamics, social life cycle assessment, and geometallurgical approaches. The analysis focuses on critical materials: Rare Earth Elements, Nickel, Silicon, Graphite, Magnesium, Gallium, Germanium, Indium, Aluminum, Cobalt, Lithium, Zinc, and Tellurium used in wind turbines, electric vehicles, lithium-ion batteries and solar photovoltaic panels. We assess their social impact on work safety, gender equality, informal employment, labor income share, employment rate, and child labor—key issues addressed by Sustainable Development Goals 1, 5, and 8. Here we show that Aluminum production for electric vehicles, wind turbines and solar photovoltaic panels generates the most jobs and income opportunities, while extraction of Cobalt, Lithium, Silicon, and Zinc carry the highest social risks.This study identifies materials used in green energy technologies with the most social benefits and risks. Aluminum production creates the most jobs while cobalt, lithium, silicon and zinc pose the highest risks including child labor and unsafe work conditions.
The social risks of green energy transition are underexplored. One of the important questions is which materials used in green energy technologies offer the greatest social benefits, such as ensuring decent living conditions, and which pose the most social risks. To address this issue, we develop a dynamic material-energy flow model integrating system dynamics, social life cycle assessment, and geometallurgical approaches. The analysis focuses on critical materials: Rare Earth Elements, Nickel, Silicon, Graphite, Magnesium, Gallium, Germanium, Indium, Aluminum, Cobalt, Lithium, Zinc, and Tellurium used in wind turbines, electric vehicles, lithium-ion batteries and solar photovoltaic panels. We assess their social impact on work safety, gender equality, informal employment, labor income share, employment rate, and child labor—key issues addressed by Sustainable Development Goals 1, 5, and 8. Here we show that Aluminum production for electric vehicles, wind turbines and solar photovoltaic panels generates the most jobs and income opportunities, while extraction of Cobalt, Lithium, Silicon, and Zinc carry the highest social risks. This study identifies materials used in green energy technologies with the most social benefits and risks. Aluminum production creates the most jobs while cobalt, lithium, silicon and zinc pose the highest risks including child labor and unsafe work conditions.
Abstract The social risks of green energy transition are underexplored. One of the important questions is which materials used in green energy technologies offer the greatest social benefits, such as ensuring decent living conditions, and which pose the most social risks. To address this issue, we develop a dynamic material-energy flow model integrating system dynamics, social life cycle assessment, and geometallurgical approaches. The analysis focuses on critical materials: Rare Earth Elements, Nickel, Silicon, Graphite, Magnesium, Gallium, Germanium, Indium, Aluminum, Cobalt, Lithium, Zinc, and Tellurium used in wind turbines, electric vehicles, lithium-ion batteries and solar photovoltaic panels. We assess their social impact on work safety, gender equality, informal employment, labor income share, employment rate, and child labor—key issues addressed by Sustainable Development Goals 1, 5, and 8. Here we show that Aluminum production for electric vehicles, wind turbines and solar photovoltaic panels generates the most jobs and income opportunities, while extraction of Cobalt, Lithium, Silicon, and Zinc carry the highest social risks.
The social risks of green energy transition are underexplored. One of the important questions is which materials used in green energy technologies offer the greatest social benefits, such as ensuring decent living conditions, and which pose the most social risks. To address this issue, we develop a dynamic material-energy flow model integrating system dynamics, social life cycle assessment, and geometallurgical approaches. The analysis focuses on critical materials: Rare Earth Elements, Nickel, Silicon, Graphite, Magnesium, Gallium, Germanium, Indium, Aluminum, Cobalt, Lithium, Zinc, and Tellurium used in wind turbines, electric vehicles, lithium-ion batteries and solar photovoltaic panels. We assess their social impact on work safety, gender equality, informal employment, labor income share, employment rate, and child labor-key issues addressed by Sustainable Development Goals 1, 5, and 8. Here we show that Aluminum production for electric vehicles, wind turbines and solar photovoltaic panels generates the most jobs and income opportunities, while extraction of Cobalt, Lithium, Silicon, and Zinc carry the highest social risks.The social risks of green energy transition are underexplored. One of the important questions is which materials used in green energy technologies offer the greatest social benefits, such as ensuring decent living conditions, and which pose the most social risks. To address this issue, we develop a dynamic material-energy flow model integrating system dynamics, social life cycle assessment, and geometallurgical approaches. The analysis focuses on critical materials: Rare Earth Elements, Nickel, Silicon, Graphite, Magnesium, Gallium, Germanium, Indium, Aluminum, Cobalt, Lithium, Zinc, and Tellurium used in wind turbines, electric vehicles, lithium-ion batteries and solar photovoltaic panels. We assess their social impact on work safety, gender equality, informal employment, labor income share, employment rate, and child labor-key issues addressed by Sustainable Development Goals 1, 5, and 8. Here we show that Aluminum production for electric vehicles, wind turbines and solar photovoltaic panels generates the most jobs and income opportunities, while extraction of Cobalt, Lithium, Silicon, and Zinc carry the highest social risks.
The social risks of green energy transition are underexplored. One of the important questions is which materials used in green energy technologies offer the greatest social benefits, such as ensuring decent living conditions, and which pose the most social risks. To address this issue, we develop a dynamic material-energy flow model integrating system dynamics, social life cycle assessment, and geometallurgical approaches. The analysis focuses on critical materials: Rare Earth Elements, Nickel, Silicon, Graphite, Magnesium, Gallium, Germanium, Indium, Aluminum, Cobalt, Lithium, Zinc, and Tellurium used in wind turbines, electric vehicles, lithium-ion batteries and solar photovoltaic panels. We assess their social impact on work safety, gender equality, informal employment, labor income share, employment rate, and child labor-key issues addressed by Sustainable Development Goals 1, 5, and 8. Here we show that Aluminum production for electric vehicles, wind turbines and solar photovoltaic panels generates the most jobs and income opportunities, while extraction of Cobalt, Lithium, Silicon, and Zinc carry the highest social risks.
ArticleNumber 9336
Author Makarava, Iryna
El-Wali, Mohammad
Tuomisto, Hanna L.
Lundström, Mari
Kraslawski, Andrzej
Rahimpour, Saeed
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  organization: Hydrometallurgy and Corrosion, Circular Raw Materials Hub, Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering (CMET), School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, School of Engineering Science, Industrial Engineering and Management (IEM), LUT University
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  surname: El-Wali
  fullname: El-Wali, Mohammad
  email: mohammad.el-wali@helsinki.fi
  organization: Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki
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  givenname: Iryna
  surname: Makarava
  fullname: Makarava, Iryna
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– sequence: 5
  givenname: Mari
  surname: Lundström
  fullname: Lundström, Mari
  organization: Hydrometallurgy and Corrosion, Circular Raw Materials Hub, Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering (CMET), School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Andrzej
  surname: Kraslawski
  fullname: Kraslawski, Andrzej
  organization: School of Engineering Science, Industrial Engineering and Management (IEM), LUT University, Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences
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Snippet The social risks of green energy transition are underexplored. One of the important questions is which materials used in green energy technologies offer the...
Abstract The social risks of green energy transition are underexplored. One of the important questions is which materials used in green energy technologies...
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SubjectTerms 639/301/299
639/4077/909
704/844/685
Alternative energy
Aluminum
Child labor
Clean energy
Cobalt
Electric vehicles
Employment
Energy flow
Energy technology
Gallium
Germanium
Green energy
Humanities and Social Sciences
Labor
Life cycle analysis
Life cycle assessment
Lithium
Lithium-ion batteries
Living conditions
Magnesium
multidisciplinary
Nickel
Occupational safety
Panels
Photovoltaics
Rare earth elements
Renewable energy
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Silicon
Social impact
Sustainable development
System dynamics
Tellurium
Turbines
Wind power
Wind turbines
Working conditions
Zinc
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Title Selected social impact indicators influenced by materials for green energy technologies
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