Model of technological alternatives of production of sodium chromate (VI) with the use of chromic wastes
This article presents a mathematical model which describes the sodium chromate (VI) production process with the use of chromic waste as a substitution of natural raw materials. This model is a function of selected process parameters common for all of the examined alternatives and based on equations...
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Published in | Waste management (Elmsford) Vol. 20; no. 8; pp. 711 - 723 |
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Main Authors | , |
Format | Journal Article Conference Proceeding |
Language | English |
Published |
Oxford
Elsevier Ltd
01.12.2000
New York, NY Elsevier Science |
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Abstract | This article presents a mathematical model which describes the sodium chromate (VI) production process with the use of chromic waste as a substitution of natural raw materials. This model is a function of selected process parameters common for all of the examined alternatives and based on equations of material balance. Optimization of the elaborated technological alternatives of the production process with use of recycling of chromic waste has been evaluated by determining the extreme value of the quality indicator
WJ. This indicator defines the quantity of waste created in the process. Optimization results enabled the selection of the optimal technological solution from all of the alternatives possible for use in industrial practice. Negative values of the indicator prove that there is the possibility of introducing to the process a larger quantity of waste than the one obtained in the process and transported to the storage heaps. |
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AbstractList | This article presents a mathematical model which describes the sodium chromate (VI) production process with the use of chromic waste as a substitution of natural raw materials. This model is a function of selected process parameters common for all of the examined alternatives and based on equations of material balance. Optimization of the elaborated technological alternatives of the production process with use of recycling of chromic waste has been evaluated by determining the extreme value of the quality indicator
WJ. This indicator defines the quantity of waste created in the process. Optimization results enabled the selection of the optimal technological solution from all of the alternatives possible for use in industrial practice. Negative values of the indicator prove that there is the possibility of introducing to the process a larger quantity of waste than the one obtained in the process and transported to the storage heaps. |
Author | Walawska, Barbara Kowalski, Zygmunt |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Barbara surname: Walawska fullname: Walawska, Barbara organization: Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Sowinskiego St. 11, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland – sequence: 2 givenname: Zygmunt surname: Kowalski fullname: Kowalski, Zygmunt email: zkow@chemia.pk.edu.pl organization: Institute of Chemistry and Inorganic Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska St. 24, 31-015 Kraków, Poland |
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Cites_doi | 10.1021/ie960764g 10.1016/0304-3894(94)85042-9 |
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Keywords | Chromium compounds Environment Modeling Chromic waste Optimization Chromium Compounds Hazardous waste Raw materials Sodium Chromates Heavy metal Industrial waste Manufacturing process Upgrading Waste reuse Solid waste Mathematical model |
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References_xml | – volume: 71 start-page: 271 year: 1992 end-page: 277 ident: BIB24 article-title: Evaluation of the influence of the quantity of recirculated wastes on the process indexes on the example of sodium chromate production publication-title: Przemysł Chemiczny contributor: fullname: Kowalski – volume: 6 start-page: 25 year: 1997 end-page: 33 ident: BIB21 article-title: Utilization of leather scraps in fertilizer production publication-title: Polish Journal of Environmental Studies contributor: fullname: Kowalski – volume: 55 start-page: 8 year: 1977 end-page: 9 ident: BIB8 article-title: Research on elimination of Cr (VI) from waste chromium mud. Research works of the Cracow University of Technology publication-title: Chemistry contributor: fullname: Natanek – year: 1995 ident: BIB41 article-title: Algorytmy genetyczne i ich zastosowania contributor: fullname: Goldberg – year: 1994 ident: BIB6 article-title: Chromium in the natural and human environment contributor: fullname: Nieboer – volume: 36 start-page: 4381 year: 1997 end-page: 4384 ident: BIB17 article-title: Treatment of chromic tannery wastes using coal ashes from fluidized bed combustion of coal publication-title: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research contributor: fullname: Kowalski – volume: 42/24 start-page: 213 year: 1995 end-page: 219 ident: BIB26 article-title: Possibilities of utilization of the chromium mud enriched with Cr publication-title: Research works of the Institute of Inorganic Technology and Mineral Fertilizers Wrocław University of Technology contributor: fullname: Walawska – year: 1994 ident: BIB12 publication-title: Encyclopaedia of 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43 start-page: 269 year: 1989 end-page: 275 ident: BIB3 article-title: Method of the production of sodium chromate with lowers solid waste quantity per product unit publication-title: Chemia Stosowana contributor: fullname: Kowalski – volume: 74 start-page: 417 year: 1995 end-page: 423 ident: BIB25 article-title: Double waste recirculated system on the example of sodium chromate production process publication-title: Przemysł Chemiczny contributor: fullname: Kowalski – volume: 362 start-page: 37 year: 1991 end-page: 48 ident: BIB1 article-title: Environmental effectiveness as motivation factor for using recycled raw materials publication-title: Research Works of the Cracow University of Economy, Kraków contributor: fullname: Kowalski – volume: 29 start-page: 329 year: 1985 end-page: 337 ident: BIB9 article-title: Research on composition of the chrome sinter from sodium chromate production publication-title: Chemia Stosowana contributor: fullname: Jarosiñski – volume: 70 start-page: 84 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Gollinger – volume: 63 start-page: 38 year: 1984 end-page: 44 ident: BIB13 article-title: Utilization of waste hydrated chrome oxides for granulation of the chromate charge publication-title: Przemysł Chemiczny contributor: fullname: Kowalski – volume: 435 start-page: 29 year: 1994 end-page: 35 ident: BIB23 article-title: Possibility of the production of sodium chromate from chrome wastes publication-title: Research Works of the Cracow University of Economy, Kraków contributor: fullname: Kowalski – year: 1979 ident: BIB36 article-title: Metody cybernetyki w chemii i technologii chemicznej contributor: fullname: Kafarow – year: 1998 ident: BIB40 article-title: OPTIMA v. 2.0, optimisation of non-linear many variable functions contributor: fullname: Obrêbski – year: 1974 ident: BIB37 article-title: Optymalizacja zło¿onych systemów technologii chemicznej contributor: fullname: Wolin – volume: 42/24 start-page: 213 year: 1995 ident: 10.1016/S0956-053X(00)00038-6_BIB26 article-title: 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Research works of the Cracow University of Technology publication-title: Chemistry contributor: fullname: Jarosiñski – volume: 29 start-page: 329 year: 1985 ident: 10.1016/S0956-053X(00)00038-6_BIB9 article-title: Research on composition of the chrome sinter from sodium chromate production publication-title: Chemia Stosowana contributor: fullname: Jarosiñski – volume: 36 start-page: 4381 year: 1997 ident: 10.1016/S0956-053X(00)00038-6_BIB17 article-title: Treatment of chromic tannery wastes using coal ashes from fluidized bed combustion of coal publication-title: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research doi: 10.1021/ie960764g contributor: fullname: Bulewicz – volume: 43 start-page: 269 year: 1989 ident: 10.1016/S0956-053X(00)00038-6_BIB3 article-title: Method of the production of sodium chromate with lowers solid waste quantity per product unit publication-title: Chemia Stosowana contributor: fullname: Kowalski – ident: 10.1016/S0956-053X(00)00038-6_BIB15 – ident: 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contributor: fullname: Grabowski – year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/S0956-053X(00)00038-6_BIB6 contributor: fullname: Nriagu – volume: 71 start-page: 271 year: 1992 ident: 10.1016/S0956-053X(00)00038-6_BIB24 article-title: Evaluation of the influence of the quantity of recirculated wastes on the process indexes on the example of sodium chromate production publication-title: Przemysł Chemiczny contributor: fullname: Kowalski – volume: 70 start-page: 84 year: 1991 ident: 10.1016/S0956-053X(00)00038-6_BIB14 article-title: Using of the chrome wastes into sodium chromate production process publication-title: Przemysł Chemiczny contributor: fullname: Kowalski – ident: 10.1016/S0956-053X(00)00038-6_BIB5 – ident: 10.1016/S0956-053X(00)00038-6_BIB7 – volume: 74 start-page: 417 year: 1995 ident: 10.1016/S0956-053X(00)00038-6_BIB25 article-title: Double waste recirculated system on the example of sodium chromate production process publication-title: Przemysł Chemiczny contributor: fullname: Kowalski – ident: 10.1016/S0956-053X(00)00038-6_BIB30 – ident: 10.1016/S0956-053X(00)00038-6_BIB32 – ident: 10.1016/S0956-053X(00)00038-6_BIB18 – ident: 10.1016/S0956-053X(00)00038-6_BIB34 – ident: 10.1016/S0956-053X(00)00038-6_BIB39 – volume: 63 start-page: 38 year: 1984 ident: 10.1016/S0956-053X(00)00038-6_BIB13 article-title: Utilization of waste hydrated chrome oxides for granulation of the chromate charge publication-title: Przemysł Chemiczny contributor: fullname: Kowalski – volume: 37 start-page: 137 year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/S0956-053X(00)00038-6_BIB20 article-title: Treatment of chromic tannery wastes publication-title: Journal of Hazardous Materials doi: 10.1016/0304-3894(94)85042-9 contributor: fullname: Kowalski – ident: 10.1016/S0956-053X(00)00038-6_BIB35 – volume: 1 start-page: 34 year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/S0956-053X(00)00038-6_BIB16 article-title: Process of solid chrome waste utilization — a Polish experience publication-title: Chemical Business contributor: fullname: Kowalski – 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Snippet | This article presents a mathematical model which describes the sodium chromate (VI) production process with the use of chromic waste as a substitution of... |
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StartPage | 711 |
SubjectTerms | Applied sciences Chemical industry and chemicals Chromic waste Chromium compounds Environment Exact sciences and technology Industrial chemicals Inorganic industry Modeling Optimization Other industrial wastes. Sewage sludge Pollution Wastes |
Title | Model of technological alternatives of production of sodium chromate (VI) with the use of chromic wastes |
URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0956-053X(00)00038-6 |
Volume | 20 |
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