A review of existing policy for reducing embodied energy and greenhouse gas emissions of buildings

• Published in: Energy policy Vol. 168; p. 112920
• Main Authors: Skillington, Katie, Crawford, Robert H., Warren-Myers, Georgia, Davidson, Kathryn
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01.09.2022
• Subjects: Buildings; Embodied energy; Embodied greenhouse gas emissions; Governance; Policy; Policy; Embodied greenhouse gas emissions; Governance; Embodied energy; Buildings
• ISSN: 0301-4215; 1873-6777
• DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2022.112920

The building sector is a significant contributor to global energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions and thus has a major role in combating climate change. To date, efforts to address this issue have focussed on reducing energy demand during building operation, resulting in significant reductions in this area. However, recent studies have shown that substantial improvements to operational energy efficiency have increased the relative significance of indirect or embodied energy demands and associated greenhouse gas emissions. Subsequently, policies addressing this next frontier of energy and emissions reductions are emerging. To understand different approaches and inform future development, this study reviews existing policy mechanisms targeting embodied energy and greenhouse gas emissions in the building sector for four countries – Australia, Canada, USA and United Kingdom. The study found that voluntary instruments dominate the policy landscape, with regulatory measures largely absent at national levels and confined to inconsistent application across lower levels of governance. Signals of change emerging from the analysis include growing private sector investment and increasing quantitative targets for reduction. The study concludes with the challenges facing this sector of energy governance, alongside recommendations for regulated caps, mandatory LCA reporting, prerequisite requirements in voluntary instruments, data accessibility and resolving methodological inconsistencies. •Examines policy for embodied energy/greenhouse gas emissions reduction in buildings•Voluntary instruments are prevalent, whereas regulatory measures are limited•Signs of change include growing private sector participation, quantitative targets•Policy recommendations range from elemental caps to resolving methodological issues