Equipartition, optimal allocation, and the constructal approach to predicting organization in nature

This is a review of recent engineering developments in thermodynamic optimization, which shed light on a universal design principle that accounts for macroscopic organization in nature. It is shown that the optimal performance of a finite-size system with purpose is always characterized by the equip...

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Published inRevue générale de thermique Vol. 37; no. 3; pp. 165 - 180
Main Authors Bejan, Adrian, Tondeur, Daniel
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Paris Elsevier B.V 01.03.1998
Elsevier
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Abstract This is a review of recent engineering developments in thermodynamic optimization, which shed light on a universal design principle that accounts for macroscopic organization in nature. It is shown that the optimal performance of a finite-size system with purpose is always characterized by the equipartition of driving forces or the optimal allocation of material subject to overall constraints. Examples are drawn from natural inanimate systems (river basins, turbulent flow) and animate systems (living trees). It is shown that this principle also governs the architecture of tree networks. Tree networks can be obtained in purely deterministic fashion by minimizing the flow resistance (or the time of travel) between one point and a finite area or a finite volume (an infinite number of points). The shape of each volume element can be optimized for minimal flow resistance. The network is ‘constructed’ by assembling the shape-optimized building blocks, and proceeding in time from the smallest volume element toward larger constructs. In constructal theory small size and shapeless flow (diffusion) come first, and larger sizes and geometrical form (channels, streams) come later. Cet article constitue une mise au point sur des développements récents en optimisation thermodynamique, qui contribuent à proposer un principe général régissant l'organisation macroscopique de systèmes naturels. On montre que la performance optimale d'un système fini est caractérisée par une équipartition des forces motrices ou par l'allocation optimale des ressources soumises à des contraintes globales. On présente des exemples de systèmes inanimés (bassins hydrographiques, écoulements turbulents) et de systèmes animés (arbres). On montre que ce principe gouverne également l'architecture des structures arborescentes. Cette architecture peut être générée d'une manière purement déterministe, en minimisant la résistance à l'écoulement (ou le temps de transfert) entre un point et une surface ou un volume fini. La forme de chaque élément de volume qui minimise la résistance globale à l'écoulement peut être déterminée. Le réseau est alors åconstruit« en assemblant ces éléments, optimisés aux différentes échelles, en partant de l'échelle la plus petite. C'est l'approche, åconstructale«, que nous opposerons à l'approche fractale.
AbstractList This is a review of recent engineering developments in thermodynamic optimization, which shed light on a universal design principle that accounts for macroscopic organization in nature. It is shown that the optimal performance of a finite-size system with purpose is always characterized by the equipartition of driving forces or the optimal allocation of material subject to overall constraints. Examples are drawn from natural inanimate systems (river basins, turbulent flow) and animate systems (living trees). It is shown that this principle also governs the architecture of tree networks. Tree networks can be obtained in purely deterministic fashion by minimizing the flow resistance (or the time of travel) between one point and a finite area or a finite volume (an infinite number of points). The shape of each volume element can be optimized for minimal flow resistance. The network is ‘constructed’ by assembling the shape-optimized building blocks, and proceeding in time from the smallest volume element toward larger constructs. In constructal theory small size and shapeless flow (diffusion) come first, and larger sizes and geometrical form (channels, streams) come later. Cet article constitue une mise au point sur des développements récents en optimisation thermodynamique, qui contribuent à proposer un principe général régissant l'organisation macroscopique de systèmes naturels. On montre que la performance optimale d'un système fini est caractérisée par une équipartition des forces motrices ou par l'allocation optimale des ressources soumises à des contraintes globales. On présente des exemples de systèmes inanimés (bassins hydrographiques, écoulements turbulents) et de systèmes animés (arbres). On montre que ce principe gouverne également l'architecture des structures arborescentes. Cette architecture peut être générée d'une manière purement déterministe, en minimisant la résistance à l'écoulement (ou le temps de transfert) entre un point et une surface ou un volume fini. La forme de chaque élément de volume qui minimise la résistance globale à l'écoulement peut être déterminée. Le réseau est alors åconstruit« en assemblant ces éléments, optimisés aux différentes échelles, en partant de l'échelle la plus petite. C'est l'approche, åconstructale«, que nous opposerons à l'approche fractale.
Author Tondeur, Daniel
Bejan, Adrian
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Issue 3
Keywords constructal
équipartition des forces
optimisation
thermodynamique
optimization
thermodynamics
fractal
equipartition of driving forces
tree network
réseau arborescent
Finite size effect
Thermodynamics
Reviews
Turbulent flow
Optimal allocation
Optimization method
Network architecture
Fractal system
River basins
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Snippet This is a review of recent engineering developments in thermodynamic optimization, which shed light on a universal design principle that accounts for...
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elsevier
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SubjectTerms constructal
equipartition of driving forces
Exact sciences and technology
fractal
Nonequilibrium and irreversible thermodynamics
optimisation
optimization
Physics
réseau arborescent
Statistical physics, thermodynamics, and nonlinear dynamical systems
Thermodynamic functions and equations of state
Thermodynamics
thermodynamique
tree network
équipartition des forces
Title Equipartition, optimal allocation, and the constructal approach to predicting organization in nature
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0035-3159(97)83647-1
Volume 37
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