Equipartition, optimal allocation, and the constructal approach to predicting organization in nature
This is a review of recent engineering developments in thermodynamic optimization, which shed light on a universal design principle that accounts for macroscopic organization in nature. It is shown that the optimal performance of a finite-size system with purpose is always characterized by the equip...
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Published in | Revue générale de thermique Vol. 37; no. 3; pp. 165 - 180 |
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Main Authors | , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Paris
Elsevier B.V
01.03.1998
Elsevier |
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Abstract | This is a review of recent engineering developments in thermodynamic optimization, which shed light on a universal design principle that accounts for macroscopic organization in nature. It is shown that the optimal performance of a finite-size system with purpose is always characterized by the equipartition of driving forces or the optimal allocation of material subject to overall constraints. Examples are drawn from natural inanimate systems (river basins, turbulent flow) and animate systems (living trees). It is shown that this principle also governs the architecture of tree networks. Tree networks can be obtained in purely deterministic fashion by minimizing the flow resistance (or the time of travel) between one point and a finite area or a finite volume (an infinite number of points). The shape of each volume element can be optimized for minimal flow resistance. The network is ‘constructed’ by assembling the shape-optimized building blocks, and proceeding in time from the smallest volume element toward larger constructs. In constructal theory small size and shapeless flow (diffusion) come first, and larger sizes and geometrical form (channels, streams) come later.
Cet article constitue une mise au point sur des développements récents en optimisation thermodynamique, qui contribuent à proposer un principe général régissant l'organisation macroscopique de systèmes naturels. On montre que la performance optimale d'un système fini est caractérisée par une équipartition des forces motrices ou par l'allocation optimale des ressources soumises à des contraintes globales. On présente des exemples de systèmes inanimés (bassins hydrographiques, écoulements turbulents) et de systèmes animés (arbres). On montre que ce principe gouverne également l'architecture des structures arborescentes. Cette architecture peut être générée d'une manière purement déterministe, en minimisant la résistance à l'écoulement (ou le temps de transfert) entre un point et une surface ou un volume fini. La forme de chaque élément de volume qui minimise la résistance globale à l'écoulement peut être déterminée. Le réseau est alors åconstruit« en assemblant ces éléments, optimisés aux différentes échelles, en partant de l'échelle la plus petite. C'est l'approche, åconstructale«, que nous opposerons à l'approche fractale. |
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AbstractList | This is a review of recent engineering developments in thermodynamic optimization, which shed light on a universal design principle that accounts for macroscopic organization in nature. It is shown that the optimal performance of a finite-size system with purpose is always characterized by the equipartition of driving forces or the optimal allocation of material subject to overall constraints. Examples are drawn from natural inanimate systems (river basins, turbulent flow) and animate systems (living trees). It is shown that this principle also governs the architecture of tree networks. Tree networks can be obtained in purely deterministic fashion by minimizing the flow resistance (or the time of travel) between one point and a finite area or a finite volume (an infinite number of points). The shape of each volume element can be optimized for minimal flow resistance. The network is ‘constructed’ by assembling the shape-optimized building blocks, and proceeding in time from the smallest volume element toward larger constructs. In constructal theory small size and shapeless flow (diffusion) come first, and larger sizes and geometrical form (channels, streams) come later.
Cet article constitue une mise au point sur des développements récents en optimisation thermodynamique, qui contribuent à proposer un principe général régissant l'organisation macroscopique de systèmes naturels. On montre que la performance optimale d'un système fini est caractérisée par une équipartition des forces motrices ou par l'allocation optimale des ressources soumises à des contraintes globales. On présente des exemples de systèmes inanimés (bassins hydrographiques, écoulements turbulents) et de systèmes animés (arbres). On montre que ce principe gouverne également l'architecture des structures arborescentes. Cette architecture peut être générée d'une manière purement déterministe, en minimisant la résistance à l'écoulement (ou le temps de transfert) entre un point et une surface ou un volume fini. La forme de chaque élément de volume qui minimise la résistance globale à l'écoulement peut être déterminée. Le réseau est alors åconstruit« en assemblant ces éléments, optimisés aux différentes échelles, en partant de l'échelle la plus petite. C'est l'approche, åconstructale«, que nous opposerons à l'approche fractale. |
Author | Tondeur, Daniel Bejan, Adrian |
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Keywords | constructal équipartition des forces optimisation thermodynamique optimization thermodynamics fractal equipartition of driving forces tree network réseau arborescent Finite size effect Thermodynamics Reviews Turbulent flow Optimal allocation Optimization method Network architecture Fractal system River basins |
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SubjectTerms | constructal equipartition of driving forces Exact sciences and technology fractal Nonequilibrium and irreversible thermodynamics optimisation optimization Physics réseau arborescent Statistical physics, thermodynamics, and nonlinear dynamical systems Thermodynamic functions and equations of state Thermodynamics thermodynamique tree network équipartition des forces |
Title | Equipartition, optimal allocation, and the constructal approach to predicting organization in nature |
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