A case study of the evolution of a Kelvin–Helmholtz wave and turbulence in noctilucent clouds
Bright and extensive noctilucent clouds (NLC) were observed in Århus (Denmark) on 3/4 July of 2008 with an automatic digital camera taking images every minute. This event was unique in the sense that bright NLC were seen at high elevation angles (more than 30°) that allowed observing the evolution o...
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Published in | Journal of atmospheric and solar-terrestrial physics Vol. 72; no. 14; pp. 1129 - 1138 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Elsevier Ltd
01.09.2010
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Abstract | Bright and extensive noctilucent clouds (NLC) were observed in Århus (Denmark) on 3/4 July of 2008 with an automatic digital camera taking images every minute. This event was unique in the sense that bright NLC were seen at high elevation angles (more than 30°) that allowed observing the evolution of a Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) wave, resulted in well-developed turbulence. In particular, coherent vortex structures of a horseshoe-shaped form were observed for the first time in noctilucent clouds. The turbulent diffusion coefficient and turbulent energy dissipation rate around the mesopause are estimated in the range 162–667
m
2/s and 300–1235
mW/kg, respectively, representing a case of strong neutral air turbulence in noctilucent clouds. Turbulent structures were observed to be in the vicinity of breaking small-scale gravity waves that seems to be responsible for a high level of turbulence.
At the same time, it has been demonstrated that it is of importance to take into account non-turbulent process such as the gravity wave motion that is always present in NLC layers. Unless non-turbulent process is taken into account, this certainly leads to overestimating of the value of the turbulent diffusion coefficient. More accurate characteristics of turbulence in NLC can be obtained by analyzing a sequence of high-resolution images with a high frame-rate high-resolution digital camera. |
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AbstractList | Bright and extensive noctilucent clouds (NLC) were observed in Århus (Denmark) on 3/4 July of 2008 with an automatic digital camera taking images every minute. This event was unique in the sense that bright NLC were seen at high elevation angles (more than 30°) that allowed observing the evolution of a Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) wave, resulted in well-developed turbulence. In particular, coherent vortex structures of a horseshoe-shaped form were observed for the first time in noctilucent clouds. The turbulent diffusion coefficient and turbulent energy dissipation rate around the mesopause are estimated in the range 162–667
m
2/s and 300–1235
mW/kg, respectively, representing a case of strong neutral air turbulence in noctilucent clouds. Turbulent structures were observed to be in the vicinity of breaking small-scale gravity waves that seems to be responsible for a high level of turbulence.
At the same time, it has been demonstrated that it is of importance to take into account non-turbulent process such as the gravity wave motion that is always present in NLC layers. Unless non-turbulent process is taken into account, this certainly leads to overestimating of the value of the turbulent diffusion coefficient. More accurate characteristics of turbulence in NLC can be obtained by analyzing a sequence of high-resolution images with a high frame-rate high-resolution digital camera. Bright and extensive noctilucent clouds (NLC) were observed in Aarhus (Denmark) on 3/4 July of 2008 with an automatic digital camera taking images every minute. This event was unique in the sense that bright NLC were seen at high elevation angles (more than 30A) that allowed observing the evolution of a Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) wave, resulted in well-developed turbulence. In particular, coherent vortex structures of a horseshoe-shaped form were observed for the first time in noctilucent clouds. The turbulent diffusion coefficient and turbulent energy dissipation rate around the mesopause are estimated in the range 162-667m2/s and 300-1235mW/kg, respectively, representing a case of strong neutral air turbulence in noctilucent clouds. Turbulent structures were observed to be in the vicinity of breaking small-scale gravity waves that seems to be responsible for a high level of turbulence. At the same time, it has been demonstrated that it is of importance to take into account non-turbulent process such as the gravity wave motion that is always present in NLC layers. Unless non-turbulent process is taken into account, this certainly leads to overestimating of the value of the turbulent diffusion coefficient. More accurate characteristics of turbulence in NLC can be obtained by analyzing a sequence of high-resolution images with a high frame-rate high-resolution digital camera. |
Author | Dubietis, A. Frandsen, S. Hansen, O. Dalin, P. Andersen, H. Pertsev, N. Balciunas, R. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: P. surname: Dalin fullname: Dalin, P. email: pdalin@irf.se organization: Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, SE-981 28 Kiruna, Sweden – sequence: 2 givenname: N. surname: Pertsev fullname: Pertsev, N. organization: A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, RAS, Pyzhevskiy per. 3, Moscow 119017, Russia – sequence: 3 givenname: S. surname: Frandsen fullname: Frandsen, S. organization: University of Aarhus, Ny Munkegade, Bygn. 1520, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark – sequence: 4 givenname: O. surname: Hansen fullname: Hansen, O. organization: The Danish Association for NLC Research, Lyngvej 36, Kolvrå, DK-7470 Karup J., Denmark – sequence: 5 givenname: H. surname: Andersen fullname: Andersen, H. organization: The Danish Association for NLC Research, Lyngvej 36, Kolvrå, DK-7470 Karup J., Denmark – sequence: 6 givenname: A. surname: Dubietis fullname: Dubietis, A. organization: Department of Quantum Electronics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio ave. 9, bldg.3, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania – sequence: 7 givenname: R. surname: Balciunas fullname: Balciunas, R. organization: Department of Quantum Electronics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio ave. 9, bldg.3, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania |
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Snippet | Bright and extensive noctilucent clouds (NLC) were observed in Århus (Denmark) on 3/4 July of 2008 with an automatic digital camera taking images every minute.... Bright and extensive noctilucent clouds (NLC) were observed in Aarhus (Denmark) on 3/4 July of 2008 with an automatic digital camera taking images every... |
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SubjectTerms | Atmospheric turbulence Mesospheric dynamics Noctilucent clouds |
Title | A case study of the evolution of a Kelvin–Helmholtz wave and turbulence in noctilucent clouds |
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