Nitrogen-doped biochars as adsorbents for mitigation of heavy metals and organics from water: a review

Mitigation of toxic contaminants from wastewater is crucial to the safety and sustainability of the aquatic ecosystem and human health. There is a pressing need to find economical and efficient technologies for municipal, agricultural, aquacultural, and industrial wastewater treatment. Nitrogen-dope...

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Published inBiochar (Online) Vol. 4; no. 1
Main Authors Kasera, Nitesh, Kolar, Praveen, Hall, Steven G.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Singapore Springer Singapore 01.12.2022
Subjects
Agriculture
Ceramics
Composites
Earth and Environmental Science
Environment
Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology
Fossil Fuels (incl. Carbon Capture)
Glass
Natural Materials
Renewable and Green Energy
Review
Soil Science & Conservation
N-doped
Adsorption
Wastewater
Nitrogen-enriched
Mechanism
Online AccessGet full text

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Abstract Mitigation of toxic contaminants from wastewater is crucial to the safety and sustainability of the aquatic ecosystem and human health. There is a pressing need to find economical and efficient technologies for municipal, agricultural, aquacultural, and industrial wastewater treatment. Nitrogen-doped biochar, which is synthesized from waste biomass, is shown to exhibit good adsorptive performance towards harmful aqueous contaminants, including heavy metals and organic chemicals. Incorporating nitrogen into the biochar matrix changes the overall electronic structure of biochar, which favors the interaction of N-doped biochar with contaminants. In this review, we start the discussion with the preparation techniques and raw materials used for the production of N-doped biochar, along with its structural attributes. Next, the adsorption of heavy metals and organic pollutants on N-doped biochars is systematically discussed. The adsorption mechanisms of contaminant removal by N-doped biochar are also clearly explained. Further, mathematical analyses of adsorption, crucial to the quantification of adsorption, process design, and understanding of the mechanics of the process, are reviewed. Furthermore, the influence of environmental parameters on the adsorption process and the reusability of N-doped biochars are critically evaluated. Finally, future research trends for the design and development of application-specific preparation of N-doped biochars for wastewater treatment are suggested. Graphical abstract Highlights Recent research on adsorptive properties of nitrogen-doped biochar are critically summarized. Adsorption and catalytic degradation of aqueous pollutants by nitrogen-doped biochars are discussed. Current knowledge gaps are identified, and recommendations for future research are proposed.
AbstractList Mitigation of toxic contaminants from wastewater is crucial to the safety and sustainability of the aquatic ecosystem and human health. There is a pressing need to find economical and efficient technologies for municipal, agricultural, aquacultural, and industrial wastewater treatment. Nitrogen-doped biochar, which is synthesized from waste biomass, is shown to exhibit good adsorptive performance towards harmful aqueous contaminants, including heavy metals and organic chemicals. Incorporating nitrogen into the biochar matrix changes the overall electronic structure of biochar, which favors the interaction of N-doped biochar with contaminants. In this review, we start the discussion with the preparation techniques and raw materials used for the production of N-doped biochar, along with its structural attributes. Next, the adsorption of heavy metals and organic pollutants on N-doped biochars is systematically discussed. The adsorption mechanisms of contaminant removal by N-doped biochar are also clearly explained. Further, mathematical analyses of adsorption, crucial to the quantification of adsorption, process design, and understanding of the mechanics of the process, are reviewed. Furthermore, the influence of environmental parameters on the adsorption process and the reusability of N-doped biochars are critically evaluated. Finally, future research trends for the design and development of application-specific preparation of N-doped biochars for wastewater treatment are suggested. Graphical abstract
Mitigation of toxic contaminants from wastewater is crucial to the safety and sustainability of the aquatic ecosystem and human health. There is a pressing need to find economical and efficient technologies for municipal, agricultural, aquacultural, and industrial wastewater treatment. Nitrogen-doped biochar, which is synthesized from waste biomass, is shown to exhibit good adsorptive performance towards harmful aqueous contaminants, including heavy metals and organic chemicals. Incorporating nitrogen into the biochar matrix changes the overall electronic structure of biochar, which favors the interaction of N-doped biochar with contaminants. In this review, we start the discussion with the preparation techniques and raw materials used for the production of N-doped biochar, along with its structural attributes. Next, the adsorption of heavy metals and organic pollutants on N-doped biochars is systematically discussed. The adsorption mechanisms of contaminant removal by N-doped biochar are also clearly explained. Further, mathematical analyses of adsorption, crucial to the quantification of adsorption, process design, and understanding of the mechanics of the process, are reviewed. Furthermore, the influence of environmental parameters on the adsorption process and the reusability of N-doped biochars are critically evaluated. Finally, future research trends for the design and development of application-specific preparation of N-doped biochars for wastewater treatment are suggested. Graphical abstract Highlights Recent research on adsorptive properties of nitrogen-doped biochar are critically summarized. Adsorption and catalytic degradation of aqueous pollutants by nitrogen-doped biochars are discussed. Current knowledge gaps are identified, and recommendations for future research are proposed.
ArticleNumber 17
Author Kasera, Nitesh
Hall, Steven G.
Kolar, Praveen
Author_xml – sequence: 1
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  orcidid: 0000-0003-0348-6061
  surname: Kasera
  fullname: Kasera, Nitesh
  email: nkasera@ncsu.edu
  organization: Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Praveen
  surname: Kolar
  fullname: Kolar, Praveen
  organization: Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Steven G.
  surname: Hall
  fullname: Hall, Steven G.
  organization: Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University
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Snippet Mitigation of toxic contaminants from wastewater is crucial to the safety and sustainability of the aquatic ecosystem and human health. There is a pressing...
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SubjectTerms Agriculture
Ceramics
Composites
Earth and Environmental Science
Environment
Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology
Fossil Fuels (incl. Carbon Capture)
Glass
Natural Materials
Renewable and Green Energy
Review
Soil Science & Conservation
Title Nitrogen-doped biochars as adsorbents for mitigation of heavy metals and organics from water: a review
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