Insight into the modification of electrodonor properties of multiwalled carbon nanotubes via oxygen plasma: Surface functionalization versus amorphization
The effect of oxygen plasma treatment on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) surfaces towards controlled tuning of their electrodonor properties (gauged by the work function) was investigated experimentally (X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, transmission electron microscopy...
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| Published in | Carbon (New York) Vol. 137; pp. 425 - 432 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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New York
Elsevier Ltd
01.10.2018
Elsevier BV |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | The effect of oxygen plasma treatment on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) surfaces towards controlled tuning of their electrodonor properties (gauged by the work function) was investigated experimentally (X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and by molecular modeling (Density Functional Theory). The nanotubes were treated with oxygen plasma (0.2 mbar) at varied generator power (20–60 W) and exposure time (0.1–30 min). It was found that the work function changes nonmonotonously upon plasma treatment: after significant increase (from 4.5 eV to 5.9 eV) and passing through maximum the work function decreases and finally reaches a plateau. The experimental results supported by DFT calculations allowed to propose a molecular model explaining the changes in carbon nanotube surface induced by oxygen plasma. Two different oxygen adatom locations: out-of-plane (Csurf–Oadatom) and in-plane (Csurf–Osurf–Csurf) were identified, leading to formation of surface dipoles (formation of negative potential barrier, work function increase) and incorporation of oxygen into the carbon structure (cancellation of the potential barrier, work function decrease), respectively. The critical regions of plasma parameters for oxygen surface decoration and amorphization were identified providing guidelines for rational designing and tuning of MWCNT electrodonor properties.
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| AbstractList | The effect of oxygen plasma treatment on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) surfaces towards controlled tuning of their electrodonor properties (gauged by the work function) was investigated experimentally (X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and by molecular modeling (Density Functional Theory). The nanotubes were treated with oxygen plasma (0.2 mbar) at varied generator power (20–60 W) and exposure time (0.1–30 min). It was found that the work function changes nonmonotonously upon plasma treatment: after significant increase (from 4.5 eV to 5.9 eV) and passing through maximum the work function decreases and finally reaches a plateau. The experimental results supported by DFT calculations allowed to propose a molecular model explaining the changes in carbon nanotube surface induced by oxygen plasma. Two different oxygen adatom locations: out-of-plane (Csurf–Oadatom) and in-plane (Csurf–Osurf–Csurf) were identified, leading to formation of surface dipoles (formation of negative potential barrier, work function increase) and incorporation of oxygen into the carbon structure (cancellation of the potential barrier, work function decrease), respectively. The critical regions of plasma parameters for oxygen surface decoration and amorphization were identified providing guidelines for rational designing and tuning of MWCNT electrodonor properties. The effect of oxygen plasma treatment on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) surfaces towards controlled tuning of their electrodonor properties (gauged by the work function) was investigated experimentally (X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and by molecular modeling (Density Functional Theory). The nanotubes were treated with oxygen plasma (0.2 mbar) at varied generator power (20–60 W) and exposure time (0.1–30 min). It was found that the work function changes nonmonotonously upon plasma treatment: after significant increase (from 4.5 eV to 5.9 eV) and passing through maximum the work function decreases and finally reaches a plateau. The experimental results supported by DFT calculations allowed to propose a molecular model explaining the changes in carbon nanotube surface induced by oxygen plasma. Two different oxygen adatom locations: out-of-plane (Csurf–Oadatom) and in-plane (Csurf–Osurf–Csurf) were identified, leading to formation of surface dipoles (formation of negative potential barrier, work function increase) and incorporation of oxygen into the carbon structure (cancellation of the potential barrier, work function decrease), respectively. The critical regions of plasma parameters for oxygen surface decoration and amorphization were identified providing guidelines for rational designing and tuning of MWCNT electrodonor properties. [Display omitted] |
| Author | Golda-Cepa, M. Duch, J. Kotarba, A. Podobiński, J. Mazur, M. Piskorz, W. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: J. surname: Duch fullname: Duch, J. email: duch@chemia.uj.edu.pl organization: Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland – sequence: 2 givenname: M. surname: Mazur fullname: Mazur, M. organization: EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK – sequence: 3 givenname: M. surname: Golda-Cepa fullname: Golda-Cepa, M. organization: Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland – sequence: 4 givenname: J. surname: Podobiński fullname: Podobiński, J. organization: Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239, Krakow, Poland – sequence: 5 givenname: W. surname: Piskorz fullname: Piskorz, W. organization: Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland – sequence: 6 givenname: A. orcidid: 0000-0003-4815-0051 surname: Kotarba fullname: Kotarba, A. email: kotarba@chemia.uj.edu.pl organization: Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland |
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| SubjectTerms | Adatoms Amorphization Carbon Crystallography Density functional theory Multi wall carbon nanotubes Nanotubes Oxygen plasma Parameter identification Plasma Potential barriers Properties (attributes) Raman spectroscopy Thermogravimetric analysis Thermogravimetry Transmission electron microscopy Tuning Work functions X ray photoelectron spectroscopy X-ray diffraction |
| Title | Insight into the modification of electrodonor properties of multiwalled carbon nanotubes via oxygen plasma: Surface functionalization versus amorphization |
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