Analysis of hydrochemical characteristics and their controlling factors in the Fen River of China

•Water chemistry and quality spatially varied in the Fen River.•Rock weathering dominates the dissolved solutes in waters.•Localized areas of high anthropogenic impact were identified. Water shortage and pollution are threatening the sustainability of cities and society, and it is thus fundamental t...

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Published inSustainable cities and society Vol. 52; p. 101827
Main Authors Hua, Kun, Xiao, Jun, Li, Shujian, Li, Zhi
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier Ltd 01.01.2020
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Abstract •Water chemistry and quality spatially varied in the Fen River.•Rock weathering dominates the dissolved solutes in waters.•Localized areas of high anthropogenic impact were identified. Water shortage and pollution are threatening the sustainability of cities and society, and it is thus fundamental to analyze the water chemistry and quality in regions subject to water shortages. This study collected surface and groundwater samples from the Fen River of China in the wet seasons of 2015 and 2017, and analyzed the water chemistry, quality and their controlling factors using ternary diagrams, Gibbs diagrams, a fuzzy membership function, correlation analysis, and a forward model. The overall water type was Na+HCO3 and Ca+HCO3 in 2015 and 2017, respectively. HCO3− accounted for 48%–56% of the total anions, while Ca2+ and Na+ accounted for 43%–57% and 18%–27% of the total cations, respectively. Concentrations of HCO3- and Ca2+ decreased along the direction of flow, while the concentrations of other ions increased. Of the surface water and groundwater samples, 63% and 95% complied with environmental quality standards, respectively, in 2015, but only 88% and 44% were compliant in 2017. The dissolved solutes mainly came from rock weathering, to which evaporite dissolution contributed 38%–43%, silicate weathering 7%–34%, and carbonate weathering 17%–44%. Atmospheric and anthropogenic inputs were shown to exert minor effects on the hydrochemistry. Ion exchange and mineral deposits also affected the spatiotemporal hydrochemistry.
AbstractList •Water chemistry and quality spatially varied in the Fen River.•Rock weathering dominates the dissolved solutes in waters.•Localized areas of high anthropogenic impact were identified. Water shortage and pollution are threatening the sustainability of cities and society, and it is thus fundamental to analyze the water chemistry and quality in regions subject to water shortages. This study collected surface and groundwater samples from the Fen River of China in the wet seasons of 2015 and 2017, and analyzed the water chemistry, quality and their controlling factors using ternary diagrams, Gibbs diagrams, a fuzzy membership function, correlation analysis, and a forward model. The overall water type was Na+HCO3 and Ca+HCO3 in 2015 and 2017, respectively. HCO3− accounted for 48%–56% of the total anions, while Ca2+ and Na+ accounted for 43%–57% and 18%–27% of the total cations, respectively. Concentrations of HCO3- and Ca2+ decreased along the direction of flow, while the concentrations of other ions increased. Of the surface water and groundwater samples, 63% and 95% complied with environmental quality standards, respectively, in 2015, but only 88% and 44% were compliant in 2017. The dissolved solutes mainly came from rock weathering, to which evaporite dissolution contributed 38%–43%, silicate weathering 7%–34%, and carbonate weathering 17%–44%. Atmospheric and anthropogenic inputs were shown to exert minor effects on the hydrochemistry. Ion exchange and mineral deposits also affected the spatiotemporal hydrochemistry.
ArticleNumber 101827
Author Li, Zhi
Hua, Kun
Xiao, Jun
Li, Shujian
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  givenname: Kun
  surname: Hua
  fullname: Hua, Kun
  organization: College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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  givenname: Jun
  surname: Xiao
  fullname: Xiao, Jun
  organization: State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, 710061, China
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  givenname: Shujian
  surname: Li
  fullname: Li, Shujian
  organization: College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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  givenname: Zhi
  surname: Li
  fullname: Li, Zhi
  email: lizhibox@nwafu.edu.cn
  organization: College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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Keywords Fuzzy membership function
Fen River
Hydrochemistry
Ion source
Water quality
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Snippet •Water chemistry and quality spatially varied in the Fen River.•Rock weathering dominates the dissolved solutes in waters.•Localized areas of high...
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SubjectTerms Fen River
Fuzzy membership function
Hydrochemistry
Ion source
Water quality
Title Analysis of hydrochemical characteristics and their controlling factors in the Fen River of China
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101827
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