LONG-TERM EFFECT OF OCCUPATIONAL DUST EXPOSURE
In 1950-1960, a cohort of dust-exposed workers and a cohort of multiple matched unexposed subjects was set up from the files of preventive medical checkups performed in 1, 089 Viennese plants. Male workers with a history of long-term exposure to nonfibrous particulates in different industries (metal...
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Published in | Sangyo Igaku Vol. 30; no. 5; pp. 362 - 370 |
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Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English Japanese |
Published |
Tokyo
Japan Society for Occupational Health
1988
Japan Association of Industrial Health |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
ISSN | 0047-1879 1881-1302 |
DOI | 10.1539/joh1959.30.362 |
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Abstract | In 1950-1960, a cohort of dust-exposed workers and a cohort of multiple matched unexposed subjects was set up from the files of preventive medical checkups performed in 1, 089 Viennese plants. Male workers with a history of long-term exposure to nonfibrous particulates in different industries (metal, ceramics, brick, glass, stone etc.) aged ≥40, and male workers without dust exposure (matched for residency, start of observation, age, and smoking) were followed up to 1980 or death (48, 960 person yr). By life table methods, dust-exposed workers compared to unexposed workers showed a reduced survival of age 60 (p<0.0001), due to lung cancer (123 exposed, 87 controls, p=0.001), stomach cancer (48/27, p=0.003), silicosis (40/0), emphysema, bronchitis and asthma (41/23, p=0.007). No difference in mortality from cardiovascular diseases was observed (p>0.50). We concluded that heavy and long term exposure to respirable particulates is related to increased lung cancer mortality after age 60. A comparison of 2, 212 deaths among Austrian silicotics, with deaths in the corresponding population showed a relation between lung cancer and silicosis (p<0.001), fairly independent of age and time-period. The estimated relative lung cancer risk of Austrian silicotics in the period 1955-79 averaged 1.41 (95% confidence 1.21-1.64). |
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AbstractList | In 1950-1960, a cohort of dust-exposed workers and a cohort of multiple matched unexposed subjects was set up from the files of preventive medical checkups performed in 1,089 Viennese plants. Male workers with a history of long-term exposure to nonfibrous particulates in different industries (metal, ceramics, brick, glass, stone etc.) aged greater than or equal to 40, and male workers without dust exposure (matched for residency, start of observation, age, and smoking) were followed up to 1980 or death (48,960 person yr). By life table methods, dust-exposed workers compared to unexposed workers showed a reduced survival of age 60 (p less than 0.0001), due to lung cancer (123 exposed, 87 controls, p = 0.001), stomach cancer (48/27, p = 0.003), silicosis (40/0), emphysema, bronchitis and asthma (41/23, p = 0.007). No difference in mortality from cardiovascular diseases was observed (p greater than 0.50). We concluded that heavy and long term exposure to respirable particulates is related to increased lung cancer mortality after age 60. A comparison of 2,212 deaths among Austrian silicotics, with deaths in the corresponding population showed a relation between lung cancer and silicosis (p less than 0.001), fairly independent of age and time-period. The estimated relative lung cancer risk of Austrian silicotics in the period 1955-79 averaged 1.41 (95% confidence 1.21-1.64).In 1950-1960, a cohort of dust-exposed workers and a cohort of multiple matched unexposed subjects was set up from the files of preventive medical checkups performed in 1,089 Viennese plants. Male workers with a history of long-term exposure to nonfibrous particulates in different industries (metal, ceramics, brick, glass, stone etc.) aged greater than or equal to 40, and male workers without dust exposure (matched for residency, start of observation, age, and smoking) were followed up to 1980 or death (48,960 person yr). By life table methods, dust-exposed workers compared to unexposed workers showed a reduced survival of age 60 (p less than 0.0001), due to lung cancer (123 exposed, 87 controls, p = 0.001), stomach cancer (48/27, p = 0.003), silicosis (40/0), emphysema, bronchitis and asthma (41/23, p = 0.007). No difference in mortality from cardiovascular diseases was observed (p greater than 0.50). We concluded that heavy and long term exposure to respirable particulates is related to increased lung cancer mortality after age 60. A comparison of 2,212 deaths among Austrian silicotics, with deaths in the corresponding population showed a relation between lung cancer and silicosis (p less than 0.001), fairly independent of age and time-period. The estimated relative lung cancer risk of Austrian silicotics in the period 1955-79 averaged 1.41 (95% confidence 1.21-1.64). In 1950-1960, a cohort of dust-exposed workers and a cohort of multiple matched unexposed subjects was set up from the files of preventive medical checkups performed in 1, 089 Viennese plants. Male workers with a history of long-term exposure to nonfibrous particulates in different industries (metal, ceramics, brick, glass, stone etc.) aged ≥40, and male workers without dust exposure (matched for residency, start of observation, age, and smoking) were followed up to 1980 or death (48, 960 person yr). By life table methods, dust-exposed workers compared to unexposed workers showed a reduced survival of age 60 (p<0.0001), due to lung cancer (123 exposed, 87 controls, p=0.001), stomach cancer (48/27, p=0.003), silicosis (40/0), emphysema, bronchitis and asthma (41/23, p=0.007). No difference in mortality from cardiovascular diseases was observed (p>0.50). We concluded that heavy and long term exposure to respirable particulates is related to increased lung cancer mortality after age 60. A comparison of 2, 212 deaths among Austrian silicotics, with deaths in the corresponding population showed a relation between lung cancer and silicosis (p<0.001), fairly independent of age and time-period. The estimated relative lung cancer risk of Austrian silicotics in the period 1955-79 averaged 1.41 (95% confidence 1.21-1.64). In 1950-1960, a cohort of dust-exposed workers and a cohort of multiple matched unexposed subjects was set up from the files of preventive medical checkups performed in 1,089 Viennese plants. Male workers with a history of long-term exposure to nonfibrous particulates in different industries (metal, ceramics, brick, glass, stone etc.) aged greater than or equal to 40, and male workers without dust exposure (matched for residency, start of observation, age, and smoking) were followed up to 1980 or death (48,960 person yr). By life table methods, dust-exposed workers compared to unexposed workers showed a reduced survival of age 60 (p less than 0.0001), due to lung cancer (123 exposed, 87 controls, p = 0.001), stomach cancer (48/27, p = 0.003), silicosis (40/0), emphysema, bronchitis and asthma (41/23, p = 0.007). No difference in mortality from cardiovascular diseases was observed (p greater than 0.50). We concluded that heavy and long term exposure to respirable particulates is related to increased lung cancer mortality after age 60. A comparison of 2,212 deaths among Austrian silicotics, with deaths in the corresponding population showed a relation between lung cancer and silicosis (p less than 0.001), fairly independent of age and time-period. The estimated relative lung cancer risk of Austrian silicotics in the period 1955-79 averaged 1.41 (95% confidence 1.21-1.64). |
Author | NEUBERGER, Manfred WESTPHAL, Gerhard BAUER, Peter |
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Keywords | Human Respiratory disease Toxicity Europe Mortality Occupational exposure Epidemiology Long term Bronchopulmonary Austria Dust Cohort Tumor Silicosis |
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References | 20) Koskela RS, Hernberg S, Kärävä R, et al. Mortality study of foundry workers. Scand J Work Environ Health 1976; 2: 1: 73-89. 28) Meyer M, Luk G, Sotelo J, et al. Hypothesis: The role of the lung in stomach carcinogenesis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1980; 121: 887-892. 5) Goldsmith DF, Winn DM, Shy CM, eds. Silica, silicosis and cancer. Cancer research monographs. Philadelphia: Praeger 1986: 311-474. 10) Neuberger M, Kundi M, Haider M, Gründorfer W. Cancer mortality of dust workers and control-results of a prospective study. In: Occupational safety and health series: prevention of occupational cancer. Geneve: International Labour Office 1982; 46: 235-241. 26) Tossavainen A. Metal fumes in foundries. Scand J Work Environ Health 1976; 2: 42-49. 14) Mantel, N. Evaluation of survival data and two rank order statistics arising in its consideration. Cancer Chemotherapy Reports 1960; 50: 163. 29) German Research Association. Chronic bronchitis and occupational dust exposure. Research Report. Bonn: Boldt, Boppard, 1978: 378-383. 22) Gibson ES, Martin RH, Lockington JN. Lung cancer mortality in a steel foundry. US: J Occup Med 1977; 19: 12: 807-812. 17) Dixon WJ, ed. BMDP statistical software. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981: 143-206. 19) Mantel N, Haenszel W. Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease. J Nat Cancer Inst 1959; 22: 719-748. 31) Neuberger M, Raber A. Unterschiedliche Selektionsraten-falsche Schlüsse bei epidemiologischen Untersuchungen. Zbl Bakt Hyg 1983; 1: 177: 539-561. 34) Raber A. Die Staublungenerkrankungen in Österreich. Beitr Klin Erforsch Lungenkrankheiten 1968; 138: 127-135. 18) Woolf B. On estimating the relation between blood groups and disease. Ann Hum Genet 1955; 19: 251-253. 21) Tola S, Koskela R, Hernberg S, Järvinen E. Cancer mortality among iron foundry workers. US J Occup Med 1979; 21: 11: 753-760. 23) Fletcher AC, Ades A. Lung cancer mortality in a cohort of English foundry workers. Scand J Work Environ Health 1984; 10: 7-16. 8) Neuberger M, Gründorfer W, Haider M. Bronchuskarzinome bei Staubarbeitern. In: Österreichische Gesellschaft für Lungenerkrankungen, ed. 15. Tagungsbericht der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Lungenerkrankungen, 24-27 Mai 1979, Wien, 1979: 65-67. 1) Grosse H. Silikose und Lungenkrebs. Arch Gewerbepathol Gewerbehyg 1956; 14: 357. 32) James WRL. Primary lung cancer in South Wales coalworkers with pneumoconiosis. Brit J Industr Med 1955; 12: 87. 25) Palmer W, Scott WD. Lung cancer in ferrous foundry workers: a review. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1981; 42: 5: 329-340. 16) Breslow N. Generalized Kruskal-Wallis test for comparing K samples subject to unequal patterns of censorship. Biometrica 1970; 57: 579. 4) Westerholm P. Silicosis. Scand J Work Environ Health 1980; 6, 2: 34-37. 2) Reichel G. Bronchialkarzinom und Silikose. In: Ulmer WF, Reichel G, eds. Pneumokoniosen: Hand-buch der Inneren Medizin Vol. 4/1. Berlin: Springer, 1976: 224-228, 476-480. 27) Kurppa K, Koskela RS, Gudbergsson H. Gastrointestinal cancer in workers exposed to quartz. (Letter). Lancet 1982 (July 17); 150. 12) Neuberger M, Vutuc Ch. Lungenkrebsrisiko und Beruf. Sichere Arbeit 1984; 1: 18-21. 11) Austrian Central Statistical Office. a) Beiträge zur Österreichischen Statistik, Österreichische Sterbetafeln, b) Demographische Jahrbücher, c) Jahresberichte über das Gesundheitswesen in Österreich (1957-1983). 7) Gründorfer W, Popper L. Staubexposition und Bronchuskarzinominzidenz. In: Wr Medizinische Akademie, ed. Internationaler Kongreß für Arbeitsmedizin. Wien, 1966: 3, 173-176. 24) International Agency for Research on Cancer. Evaluation of carcinogenic risk of chemicals to man. IARC monographs 1972; 1: 29-39. 13) Kalbfleisch JD, Prentice RL. The statistical analysis of failure time data. New York: Wiley, 1980. 15) Cox DR. Regression models and life tables. J Royal Statist Soc 1972; 34: 187. 9) Neuberger M. Die Todesursachen von Staubarbeitern-Ergebnisse einer Prospektivstudie und ihre Konsequenzen für die Prävention. In: Brenner W, et al, eds. Verhandlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Arbeitsmedizin. Stuttgart: Gentner, 1980: 317-323. 30) Feigl W, Friedl HP. Daten aus der Österreichi-schen Gesundheitsstatistik und ihre Verwendbarkeit für epidemiologische Untersuchungen. Österr Ärztezeitung 1979; 34: 21: 1313-1316. 3) Neuberger M. Neue Wege zur Risikobewertung von Luftschadstoffen. Vienna: Facultas, 1979: 68-74, 99-102. 6) Popper L, Tuchmann E. Die Betriebsfürsorge der Wiener Gebietskrankenkasse für Arbeiter und Angestellte. In: Wr Medizinische Akademie, ed. Internationaler Kongreß für Arbeitsmedizin. Wien 1966: Supplement 2, 11-60. 33) Kennaway EL. The incidence of cancer of the lung in coal miners in England and Wales. Brit J Cancer 1953; 7: 10. |
References_xml | – reference: 13) Kalbfleisch JD, Prentice RL. The statistical analysis of failure time data. New York: Wiley, 1980. – reference: 10) Neuberger M, Kundi M, Haider M, Gründorfer W. Cancer mortality of dust workers and control-results of a prospective study. In: Occupational safety and health series: prevention of occupational cancer. Geneve: International Labour Office 1982; 46: 235-241. – reference: 16) Breslow N. Generalized Kruskal-Wallis test for comparing K samples subject to unequal patterns of censorship. Biometrica 1970; 57: 579. – reference: 5) Goldsmith DF, Winn DM, Shy CM, eds. Silica, silicosis and cancer. Cancer research monographs. Philadelphia: Praeger 1986: 311-474. – reference: 19) Mantel N, Haenszel W. Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease. J Nat Cancer Inst 1959; 22: 719-748. – reference: 3) Neuberger M. Neue Wege zur Risikobewertung von Luftschadstoffen. Vienna: Facultas, 1979: 68-74, 99-102. – reference: 28) Meyer M, Luk G, Sotelo J, et al. Hypothesis: The role of the lung in stomach carcinogenesis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1980; 121: 887-892. – reference: 22) Gibson ES, Martin RH, Lockington JN. Lung cancer mortality in a steel foundry. US: J Occup Med 1977; 19: 12: 807-812. – reference: 27) Kurppa K, Koskela RS, Gudbergsson H. Gastrointestinal cancer in workers exposed to quartz. (Letter). Lancet 1982 (July 17); 150. – reference: 17) Dixon WJ, ed. BMDP statistical software. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981: 143-206. – reference: 11) Austrian Central Statistical Office. a) Beiträge zur Österreichischen Statistik, Österreichische Sterbetafeln, b) Demographische Jahrbücher, c) Jahresberichte über das Gesundheitswesen in Österreich (1957-1983). – reference: 2) Reichel G. Bronchialkarzinom und Silikose. In: Ulmer WF, Reichel G, eds. Pneumokoniosen: Hand-buch der Inneren Medizin Vol. 4/1. Berlin: Springer, 1976: 224-228, 476-480. – reference: 15) Cox DR. Regression models and life tables. J Royal Statist Soc 1972; 34: 187. – reference: 26) Tossavainen A. Metal fumes in foundries. Scand J Work Environ Health 1976; 2: 42-49. – reference: 8) Neuberger M, Gründorfer W, Haider M. Bronchuskarzinome bei Staubarbeitern. In: Österreichische Gesellschaft für Lungenerkrankungen, ed. 15. Tagungsbericht der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Lungenerkrankungen, 24-27 Mai 1979, Wien, 1979: 65-67. – reference: 32) James WRL. Primary lung cancer in South Wales coalworkers with pneumoconiosis. Brit J Industr Med 1955; 12: 87. – reference: 14) Mantel, N. Evaluation of survival data and two rank order statistics arising in its consideration. Cancer Chemotherapy Reports 1960; 50: 163. – reference: 18) Woolf B. On estimating the relation between blood groups and disease. Ann Hum Genet 1955; 19: 251-253. – reference: 6) Popper L, Tuchmann E. Die Betriebsfürsorge der Wiener Gebietskrankenkasse für Arbeiter und Angestellte. In: Wr Medizinische Akademie, ed. Internationaler Kongreß für Arbeitsmedizin. Wien 1966: Supplement 2, 11-60. – reference: 21) Tola S, Koskela R, Hernberg S, Järvinen E. Cancer mortality among iron foundry workers. US J Occup Med 1979; 21: 11: 753-760. – reference: 24) International Agency for Research on Cancer. Evaluation of carcinogenic risk of chemicals to man. IARC monographs 1972; 1: 29-39. – reference: 33) Kennaway EL. The incidence of cancer of the lung in coal miners in England and Wales. Brit J Cancer 1953; 7: 10. – reference: 7) Gründorfer W, Popper L. Staubexposition und Bronchuskarzinominzidenz. In: Wr Medizinische Akademie, ed. Internationaler Kongreß für Arbeitsmedizin. Wien, 1966: 3, 173-176. – reference: 30) Feigl W, Friedl HP. Daten aus der Österreichi-schen Gesundheitsstatistik und ihre Verwendbarkeit für epidemiologische Untersuchungen. Österr Ärztezeitung 1979; 34: 21: 1313-1316. – reference: 9) Neuberger M. Die Todesursachen von Staubarbeitern-Ergebnisse einer Prospektivstudie und ihre Konsequenzen für die Prävention. In: Brenner W, et al, eds. Verhandlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Arbeitsmedizin. Stuttgart: Gentner, 1980: 317-323. – reference: 20) Koskela RS, Hernberg S, Kärävä R, et al. Mortality study of foundry workers. Scand J Work Environ Health 1976; 2: 1: 73-89. – reference: 31) Neuberger M, Raber A. Unterschiedliche Selektionsraten-falsche Schlüsse bei epidemiologischen Untersuchungen. Zbl Bakt Hyg 1983; 1: 177: 539-561. – reference: 34) Raber A. Die Staublungenerkrankungen in Österreich. Beitr Klin Erforsch Lungenkrankheiten 1968; 138: 127-135. – reference: 12) Neuberger M, Vutuc Ch. Lungenkrebsrisiko und Beruf. Sichere Arbeit 1984; 1: 18-21. – reference: 23) Fletcher AC, Ades A. Lung cancer mortality in a cohort of English foundry workers. Scand J Work Environ Health 1984; 10: 7-16. – reference: 4) Westerholm P. Silicosis. Scand J Work Environ Health 1980; 6, 2: 34-37. – reference: 29) German Research Association. Chronic bronchitis and occupational dust exposure. Research Report. Bonn: Boldt, Boppard, 1978: 378-383. – reference: 1) Grosse H. Silikose und Lungenkrebs. Arch Gewerbepathol Gewerbehyg 1956; 14: 357. – reference: 25) Palmer W, Scott WD. Lung cancer in ferrous foundry workers: a review. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1981; 42: 5: 329-340. |
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SubjectTerms | Actuarial Analysis Adult Austria Biological and medical sciences Cause of Death Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases chronic respiratory disease Cohort Studies cohort study Dust - adverse effects dusty trade Humans Inorganic dusts (pneumoconiosises) and organic dusts (byssinosis etc.) life table loglinear model lung cancer Lung Diseases, Obstructive - etiology Lung Diseases, Obstructive - mortality Lung Neoplasms - etiology Lung Neoplasms - mortality Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Occupational Diseases - etiology Occupational Diseases - mortality Prospective Studies silicosis Silicosis - etiology Silicosis - mortality Stomach Neoplasms - etiology Stomach Neoplasms - mortality Time Factors Toxicology |
Title | LONG-TERM EFFECT OF OCCUPATIONAL DUST EXPOSURE |
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