Noble Metal Complexes in Cancer Therapy: Unlocking Redox Potential for Next-Gen Treatments

(1) Context: Cancer is still a major problem worldwide, and traditional therapies like radiation and chemotherapy often fail to alleviate symptoms because of side effects, systemic toxicity, and mechanisms of resistance. Beneficial anticancer effects that spare healthy tissues are made possible by t...

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Published inInorganics Vol. 13; no. 2; p. 64
Main Authors Stefanache, Alina, Miftode, Alina Monica, Constantin, Marcu, Bogdan Goroftei, Roxana Elena, Olaru, Iulia, Gutu, Cristian, Vornicu, Alexandra, Lungu, Ionut Iulian
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.02.2025
Subjects
Anticancer properties
Apoptosis
Auranofin
Cancer
Cancer therapies
Cell death
Chemotherapy
Cisplatin
Coordination compounds
Cytotoxicity
Damage
DNA damage
Drug delivery
Drug delivery systems
Drug development
Drug dosages
Drugs
Enzymes
Gold
Health aspects
Ligands
Medical research
Mitochondrial DNA
Nanoparticles
Noble metals
Oxidation
Oxidative stress
Palladium
Platinum
Proteins
Radiotherapy
Reactive oxygen species
redox
Redox potential
Reductases
Side effects
Silver
theranostics
Thioredoxin
Toxicity
Vehicles
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Abstract (1) Context: Cancer is still a major problem worldwide, and traditional therapies like radiation and chemotherapy often fail to alleviate symptoms because of side effects, systemic toxicity, and mechanisms of resistance. Beneficial anticancer effects that spare healthy tissues are made possible by the distinctive redox characteristics of noble metal complexes, especially those containing palladium, gold, silver, and platinum. (2) Methods: The redox processes, molecular targets, and therapeutic uses of noble metal complexes in cancer have been the subject of much study over the last 20 years; novel approaches to ligand design, functionalization of nanoparticles, and tumor-specific drug delivery systems are highlighted. (3) Results: Recent developments include Pt(IV) prodrugs and terpyridine-modified Pt complexes for enhanced selectivity and decreased toxicity; platinum complexes, like cisplatin, trigger reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and DNA damage. Functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) improve targeted delivery and theranostic capabilities, while gold complexes, particularly Au(I) and Au(III), inhibit redox-sensitive processes such as thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). (4) Conclusions: Ag(I)-based compounds and nanoparticles (AgNPs) induce DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction by taking advantage of oxidative stress. As redox-based anticancer medicines, noble metal complexes have the ability to transform by taking advantage of certain biochemical features to treat cancer more effectively and selectively.
AbstractList (1) Context: Cancer is still a major problem worldwide, and traditional therapies like radiation and chemotherapy often fail to alleviate symptoms because of side effects, systemic toxicity, and mechanisms of resistance. Beneficial anticancer effects that spare healthy tissues are made possible by the distinctive redox characteristics of noble metal complexes, especially those containing palladium, gold, silver, and platinum. (2) Methods: The redox processes, molecular targets, and therapeutic uses of noble metal complexes in cancer have been the subject of much study over the last 20 years; novel approaches to ligand design, functionalization of nanoparticles, and tumor-specific drug delivery systems are highlighted. (3) Results: Recent developments include Pt(IV) prodrugs and terpyridine-modified Pt complexes for enhanced selectivity and decreased toxicity; platinum complexes, like cisplatin, trigger reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and DNA damage. Functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) improve targeted delivery and theranostic capabilities, while gold complexes, particularly Au(I) and Au(III), inhibit redox-sensitive processes such as thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). (4) Conclusions: Ag(I)-based compounds and nanoparticles (AgNPs) induce DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction by taking advantage of oxidative stress. As redox-based anticancer medicines, noble metal complexes have the ability to transform by taking advantage of certain biochemical features to treat cancer more effectively and selectively.
Audience Academic
Author Constantin, Marcu
Olaru, Iulia
Stefanache, Alina
Bogdan Goroftei, Roxana Elena
Vornicu, Alexandra
Lungu, Ionut Iulian
Miftode, Alina Monica
Gutu, Cristian
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Snippet (1) Context: Cancer is still a major problem worldwide, and traditional therapies like radiation and chemotherapy often fail to alleviate symptoms because of...
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StartPage 64
SubjectTerms Anticancer properties
Apoptosis
Auranofin
Cancer
Cancer therapies
Cell death
Chemotherapy
Cisplatin
Coordination compounds
Cytotoxicity
Damage
DNA damage
Drug delivery
Drug delivery systems
Drug development
Drug dosages
Drugs
Enzymes
Gold
Health aspects
Ligands
Medical research
Mitochondrial DNA
Nanoparticles
Noble metals
Oxidation
Oxidative stress
Palladium
Platinum
Proteins
Radiotherapy
Reactive oxygen species
redox
Redox potential
Reductases
Side effects
Silver
theranostics
Thioredoxin
Toxicity
Vehicles
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Title Noble Metal Complexes in Cancer Therapy: Unlocking Redox Potential for Next-Gen Treatments
URI https://www.proquest.com/docview/3171065547
https://doaj.org/article/a59ac68288f549198ef6b5db982d4aef
Volume 13
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