Optimal Coordination of Building Loads and Energy Storage for Power Grid and End User Services

Demand response and energy storage play a profound role in the smart grid. The focus of this paper is to evaluate benefits of coordinating flexible loads and energy storage to provide power grid and end user services. We present a generalized battery model (GBM) to describe the flexibility of buildi...

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Published inIEEE transactions on smart grid Vol. 9; no. 5; pp. 4335 - 4345
Main Authors Hao, He, Wu, Di, Lian, Jianming, Yang, Tao
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Piscataway IEEE 01.09.2018
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects
Algorithms
Arbitrage
Batteries
Buildings
Cost control
Demand response
Electrical loads
Energy
Energy management
Energy storage
Flexibility
flexibility evaluation
generalized battery model
grid and end user services
HVAC systems
Load modeling
optimal coordination
Power grids
Smart grid
Temperature control
Thermal resistance
Time of use
User services
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Abstract Demand response and energy storage play a profound role in the smart grid. The focus of this paper is to evaluate benefits of coordinating flexible loads and energy storage to provide power grid and end user services. We present a generalized battery model (GBM) to describe the flexibility of building loads and energy storage. An optimization-based approach is proposed to characterize the parameters (power and energy limits) of the GBM for flexible building loads. We then develop optimal coordination algorithms to provide power grid and end user services such as energy arbitrage, frequency regulation, spinning reserve, as well as energy cost and demand charge reduction. Several case studies have been performed to demonstrate the efficacy of the GBM and coordination algorithms, and evaluate the benefits of using their flexibility for power grid and end user services. We show that optimal coordination yields significant cost savings and revenue. Moreover, the best option for power grid services is to provide energy arbitrage and frequency regulation. Furthermore, when coordinating flexible loads with energy storage to provide end user services, it is recommended to consider demand charge in addition to time-of-use price in order to flatten the aggregate power profile.
AbstractList Demand response and energy storage play a profound role in the smart grid. The focus of this paper is to evaluate benefits of coordinating flexible loads and energy storage to provide power grid and end user services. We present a generalized battery model (GBM) to describe the flexibility of building loads and energy storage. An optimization-based approach is proposed to characterize the parameters (power and energy limits) of the GBM for flexible building loads. We then develop optimal coordination algorithms to provide power grid and end user services such as energy arbitrage, frequency regulation, spinning reserve, as well as energy cost and demand charge reduction. Several case studies have been performed to demonstrate the efficacy of the GBM and coordination algorithms, and evaluate the benefits of using their flexibility for power grid and end user services. We show that optimal coordination yields significant cost savings and revenue. Moreover, the best option for power grid services is to provide energy arbitrage and frequency regulation. Furthermore, when coordinating flexible loads with energy storage to provide end user services, it is recommended to consider demand charge in addition to time-of-use price in order to flatten the aggregate power profile.
Author Hao, He
Yang, Tao
Lian, Jianming
Wu, Di
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  orcidid: 0000-0001-6955-4333
  surname: Wu
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  givenname: Jianming
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  surname: Lian
  fullname: Lian, Jianming
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  organization: Electricity Infrastructure and Buildings Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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  givenname: Tao
  orcidid: 0000-0003-4090-8497
  surname: Yang
  fullname: Yang, Tao
  email: tao.yang@unt.edu
  organization: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
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SubjectTerms Algorithms
Arbitrage
Batteries
Buildings
Cost control
Demand response
Electrical loads
Energy
Energy management
Energy storage
Flexibility
flexibility evaluation
generalized battery model
grid and end user services
HVAC systems
Load modeling
optimal coordination
Power grids
Smart grid
Temperature control
Thermal resistance
Time of use
User services
Title Optimal Coordination of Building Loads and Energy Storage for Power Grid and End User Services
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