Quench-induced breakdown characteristics of liquid helium and optical observation of thermal bubbles
This paper describes the breakdown characteristics of liquid helium (LHe) caused by quench of a superconducting wire exposed to a high electric field. The quench-induced breakdown of LHe took place at a considerably lower stress than the intrinsic level which could be withstood without the quench. A...
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Published in | Cryogenics (Guildford) Vol. 35; no. 2; pp. 135 - 142 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Oxford
Elsevier Ltd
1995
Elsevier |
Subjects | |
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Abstract | This paper describes the breakdown characteristics of liquid helium (LHe) caused by quench of a superconducting wire exposed to a high electric field. The quench-induced breakdown of LHe took place at a considerably lower stress than the intrinsic level which could be withstood without the quench. A delay time of the order of milliseconds existed from quench onset to the breakdown. We also observed the behaviour of thermal bubbles in LHe generated by the quench using a fibrescope and a high speed video system. The optical observation clarified that the high electric field enhanced the propagation velocity of the bubbles, triggering the quench-induced dynamic breakdown of LHe. |
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AbstractList | This paper describes the breakdown characteristics of liquid helium (LHe) caused by quench of a superconducting wire exposed to a high electric field. The quench-induced breakdown of LHe took place at a considerably lower stress than the intrinsic level which could be withstood without the quench. A delay time of the order of milliseconds existed from quench onset to the breakdown. We also observed the behaviour of thermal bubbles in LHe generated by the quench using a fibrescope and a high speed video system. The optical observation clarified that the high electric field enhanced the propagation velocity of the bubbles, triggering the quench-induced dynamic breakdown of LHe. |
Author | Okubo, H. Hirose, M. Uchida, K. Hikita, M. Hayakawa, N. Goshima, H. |
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Cites_doi | 10.1109/57.63054 10.1016/0011-2275(77)90100-X 10.1016/0011-2275(86)90189-X 10.1109/14.83690 10.1109/TPAS.1974.293898 10.1016/0011-2275(87)90180-9 10.1109/57.139067 |
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Keywords | quench-induced breakdown liquid helium superconducting wire thermal bubbles Superconducting materials Breakdown voltage Fibroscope Liquid helium Optical observation Delay time Electric field effect Superconducting transition Electrical characteristic |
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References | Gerhold, Hara (BIB7) 1993 Nakayama, Ito (BIB3) 1986; 26 Hara, Wang, Saito (BIB8) 1993 Meats (BIB2) 1972; 119 Meats (BIB5) 1977; 17 Gerhold (BIB6) 1992; 8 Singer, Steinbigler, Weiss (BIB9) 1974; 93 Hara, Koishihara, Saita (BIB4) 1991; 26 Hara, Honda, Kaneko (BIB10) 1987; 27 Forsyth (BIB1) 1990; 6 Nakayama (10.1016/0011-2275(95)92882-S_BIB3) 1986; 26 Hara (10.1016/0011-2275(95)92882-S_BIB8) 1993 Forsyth (10.1016/0011-2275(95)92882-S_BIB1) 1990; 6 Hara (10.1016/0011-2275(95)92882-S_BIB10) 1987; 27 Meats (10.1016/0011-2275(95)92882-S_BIB2) 1972; 119 Meats (10.1016/0011-2275(95)92882-S_BIB5) 1977; 17 Gerhold (10.1016/0011-2275(95)92882-S_BIB6) 1992; 8 Singer (10.1016/0011-2275(95)92882-S_BIB9) 1974; 93 Gerhold (10.1016/0011-2275(95)92882-S_BIB7) 1993 Hara (10.1016/0011-2275(95)92882-S_BIB4) 1991; 26 |
References_xml | – volume: 8 start-page: 14 year: 1992 end-page: 20 ident: BIB6 article-title: Electrical insulation in superconducting power systems publication-title: IEEE Electrical Insulation Mag contributor: fullname: Gerhold – start-page: 555 year: 1993 end-page: 558 ident: BIB8 article-title: Thermal-bubble behavior affecting dielectric characteristics in liquid nitrogen under non-uniform fields publication-title: Proc 8th Int Symp on High Voltage Engineering contributor: fullname: Saito – volume: 93 start-page: 1660 year: 1974 end-page: 1668 ident: BIB9 article-title: A charge simulation method for the calculation of high voltage fields publication-title: IEEE Trans PAS contributor: fullname: Weiss – volume: 27 start-page: 567 year: 1987 end-page: 576 ident: BIB10 article-title: D.c. electrical breakdown of saturated liquid helium at 0.1 MPa in the presence of thermally induced bubbles publication-title: Cryogenics contributor: fullname: Kaneko – volume: 26 start-page: 12 year: 1986 end-page: 18 ident: BIB3 article-title: D.c. breakdown voltage characteristics in supercritical helium: breakdown in non-uniform fields publication-title: Cryogenics contributor: fullname: Ito – start-page: 567 year: 1993 end-page: 570 ident: BIB7 article-title: Procedure of electrical insulation design for superconducting coils publication-title: Proc 8th Int Symp on High Voltage Engineering contributor: fullname: Hara – volume: 6 start-page: 7 year: 1990 end-page: 16 ident: BIB1 article-title: The high voltage design of superconducting power transmission systems publication-title: IEEE Electrical Insulation Mag contributor: fullname: Forsyth – volume: 26 start-page: 685 year: 1991 end-page: 691 ident: BIB4 article-title: Breakdown behavior of cryogenic liquids in the presence of thermal bubbles under ramped voltage publication-title: IEEE Trans Electrical Insulation contributor: fullname: Saita – volume: 119 start-page: 760 year: 1972 end-page: 766 ident: BIB2 article-title: Pressurized-helium breakdown at very low temperatures publication-title: Proc IEE contributor: fullname: Meats – volume: 17 start-page: 77 year: 1977 end-page: 80 ident: BIB5 article-title: The impulse voltage flashover of dielectric spacers in a helium-insulated superconducting cable model publication-title: Cryogenics contributor: fullname: Meats – start-page: 567 year: 1993 ident: 10.1016/0011-2275(95)92882-S_BIB7 article-title: Procedure of electrical insulation design for superconducting coils contributor: fullname: Gerhold – volume: 6 start-page: 7 issue: 4 year: 1990 ident: 10.1016/0011-2275(95)92882-S_BIB1 article-title: The high voltage design of superconducting power transmission systems publication-title: IEEE Electrical Insulation Mag doi: 10.1109/57.63054 contributor: fullname: Forsyth – volume: 17 start-page: 77 year: 1977 ident: 10.1016/0011-2275(95)92882-S_BIB5 article-title: The impulse voltage flashover of dielectric spacers in a helium-insulated superconducting cable model publication-title: Cryogenics doi: 10.1016/0011-2275(77)90100-X contributor: fullname: Meats – volume: 26 start-page: 12 year: 1986 ident: 10.1016/0011-2275(95)92882-S_BIB3 article-title: D.c. breakdown voltage characteristics in supercritical helium: breakdown in non-uniform fields publication-title: Cryogenics doi: 10.1016/0011-2275(86)90189-X contributor: fullname: Nakayama – volume: 26 start-page: 685 issue: 4 year: 1991 ident: 10.1016/0011-2275(95)92882-S_BIB4 article-title: Breakdown behavior of cryogenic liquids in the presence of thermal bubbles under ramped voltage publication-title: IEEE Trans Electrical Insulation doi: 10.1109/14.83690 contributor: fullname: Hara – volume: 93 start-page: 1660 issue: 5 year: 1974 ident: 10.1016/0011-2275(95)92882-S_BIB9 article-title: A charge simulation method for the calculation of high voltage fields publication-title: IEEE Trans PAS doi: 10.1109/TPAS.1974.293898 contributor: fullname: Singer – volume: 119 start-page: 760 year: 1972 ident: 10.1016/0011-2275(95)92882-S_BIB2 article-title: Pressurized-helium breakdown at very low temperatures contributor: fullname: Meats – volume: 27 start-page: 567 year: 1987 ident: 10.1016/0011-2275(95)92882-S_BIB10 article-title: D.c. electrical breakdown of saturated liquid helium at 0.1 MPa in the presence of thermally induced bubbles publication-title: Cryogenics doi: 10.1016/0011-2275(87)90180-9 contributor: fullname: Hara – volume: 8 start-page: 14 issue: 3 year: 1992 ident: 10.1016/0011-2275(95)92882-S_BIB6 article-title: Electrical insulation in superconducting power systems publication-title: IEEE Electrical Insulation Mag doi: 10.1109/57.139067 contributor: fullname: Gerhold – start-page: 555 year: 1993 ident: 10.1016/0011-2275(95)92882-S_BIB8 article-title: Thermal-bubble behavior affecting dielectric characteristics in liquid nitrogen under non-uniform fields contributor: fullname: Hara |
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SubjectTerms | Applied sciences Electrical engineering. Electrical power engineering Exact sciences and technology liquid helium Materials quench-induced breakdown superconducting wire thermal bubbles |
Title | Quench-induced breakdown characteristics of liquid helium and optical observation of thermal bubbles |
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