Silver surface enrichment in ancient coins studied by micro-PIXE
The surface enrichment of archeological silver–copper alloys, either intentional or due to corrosion processes, has been known for many years. The most used non-destructive techniques, such as particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) are surface techniques, with penetratio...
Saved in:
Published in | Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section B, Beam interactions with materials and atoms Vol. 306; pp. 241 - 244 |
---|---|
Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Elsevier B.V
01.07.2013
|
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
Abstract | The surface enrichment of archeological silver–copper alloys, either intentional or due to corrosion processes, has been known for many years. The most used non-destructive techniques, such as particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) are surface techniques, with penetration depths typically ranging from a few microns to a few tens of microns. Therefore, these techniques could produce results which are not representative of the bulk composition of the alloy.
In order to gain insight into the silver enrichment process and the effects on the data obtained with these techniques, a set of silver roman denarii were cross sectioned and analyzed at the Centro Nacional de Aceleradores micro-PIXE facility. Elemental maps show silver surface enriched layers up to 250μm thick. Besides, silver-enriched surface layers are not found for alloys with 96–98wt.% Ag. |
---|---|
AbstractList | The surface enrichment of archeological silver-copper alloys, either intentional or due to corrosion processes, has been known for many years. The most used non-destructive techniques, such as particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) are surface techniques, with penetration depths typically ranging from a few microns to a few tens of microns. Therefore, these techniques could produce results which are not representative of the bulk composition of the alloy. In order to gain insight into the silver enrichment process and the effects on the data obtained with these techniques, a set of silver roman denarii were cross sectioned and analyzed at the Centro Nacional de Aceleradores micro-PIXE facility. Elemental maps show silver surface enriched layers up to 250 mu m thick. Besides, silver-enriched surface layers are not found for alloys with 96-98wt.% Ag. The surface enrichment of archeological silver–copper alloys, either intentional or due to corrosion processes, has been known for many years. The most used non-destructive techniques, such as particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) are surface techniques, with penetration depths typically ranging from a few microns to a few tens of microns. Therefore, these techniques could produce results which are not representative of the bulk composition of the alloy. In order to gain insight into the silver enrichment process and the effects on the data obtained with these techniques, a set of silver roman denarii were cross sectioned and analyzed at the Centro Nacional de Aceleradores micro-PIXE facility. Elemental maps show silver surface enriched layers up to 250μm thick. Besides, silver-enriched surface layers are not found for alloys with 96–98wt.% Ag. |
Author | Moreno-Suárez, A.I. Gómez-Tubío, B. Respaldiza, M.A. Scrivano, S. Ager, F.J. Ortega-Feliu, I. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: F.J. surname: Ager fullname: Ager, F.J. email: fjager@us.es, fjagerva@gmail.com organization: Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-J. Andalucía), C/ Thomas Alva Edison 7, E-41092 Seville, Spain – sequence: 2 givenname: A.I. surname: Moreno-Suárez fullname: Moreno-Suárez, A.I. organization: Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-J. Andalucía), C/ Thomas Alva Edison 7, E-41092 Seville, Spain – sequence: 3 givenname: S. surname: Scrivano fullname: Scrivano, S. organization: Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-J. Andalucía), C/ Thomas Alva Edison 7, E-41092 Seville, Spain – sequence: 4 givenname: I. surname: Ortega-Feliu fullname: Ortega-Feliu, I. organization: Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-J. Andalucía), C/ Thomas Alva Edison 7, E-41092 Seville, Spain – sequence: 5 givenname: B. surname: Gómez-Tubío fullname: Gómez-Tubío, B. organization: Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-J. Andalucía), C/ Thomas Alva Edison 7, E-41092 Seville, Spain – sequence: 6 givenname: M.A. surname: Respaldiza fullname: Respaldiza, M.A. organization: Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-J. Andalucía), C/ Thomas Alva Edison 7, E-41092 Seville, Spain |
BookMark | eNp9UE1Lw0AUXKSCbfUPeMrRS-J-JdmAB6VULRQUVOht2Wze4pZkU3eTQv-9G-rZYeC9w8zjzSzQzPUOELolOCOYFPf7zNmuzigmNIvErLxAcyJKmla54DM0jyKR5oLtrtAihD2OyFk-R48ftj2CT8LojdKQgPNWf3fghsS6RDltp1X31oUkDGNjoUnqU9JZ7fv0fbNbX6NLo9oAN39zib6e15-r13T79rJZPW1TzRgbUl7WtcAVK4CXujLaKNUUUCmDqQGseQ4lpgVlTc6agta8Lo3iBKqC5EpEsCW6O989-P5nhDDIzgYNbasc9GOQpKwYFaKiPErpWRp_DMGDkQdvO-VPkmA51SX3cqpLTnXJyFhXND2cTRBDHC14GabsGhrrQQ-y6e1_9l-GOXTs |
CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_measurement_2023_113871 crossref_primary_10_1002_sia_6338 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_microc_2015_12_017 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_microc_2016_01_006 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nimb_2019_10_017 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_019_48941_4 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nimb_2015_09_081 crossref_primary_10_2200_S01030ED1V01Y202007EST012 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jasrep_2023_104156 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apradiso_2020_109409 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nimb_2020_05_019 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nimb_2015_05_038 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nimb_2016_03_047 crossref_primary_10_1017_S0885715617001002 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apsusc_2019_06_296 crossref_primary_10_1002_sia_5512 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12520_017_0464_y crossref_primary_10_1111_arcm_12624 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12520_023_01726_3 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_microc_2016_12_002 crossref_primary_10_3390_coatings12101548 crossref_primary_10_1111_arcm_12444 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_radphyschem_2019_05_014 crossref_primary_10_1515_psr_2018_0015 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12520_022_01589_0 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nimb_2015_02_018 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nimb_2017_01_008 |
Cites_doi | 10.1016/S0168-583X(99)00702-8 10.1016/j.nimb.2011.04.068 10.1002/xrs.733 10.1016/j.sab.2011.08.001 10.1016/j.nimb.2010.07.012 10.1016/S0168-583X(04)00831-6 10.1016/0168-583X(94)95156-X 10.1016/0168-583X(90)90359-3 10.1039/c0ja00252f 10.1016/j.nimb.2008.03.084 |
ContentType | Journal Article |
Copyright | 2012 Elsevier B.V. |
Copyright_xml | – notice: 2012 Elsevier B.V. |
DBID | AAYXX CITATION 7SE 7U5 8FD JG9 L7M |
DOI | 10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.037 |
DatabaseName | CrossRef Corrosion Abstracts Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts Technology Research Database Materials Research Database Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace |
DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Materials Research Database Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts Technology Research Database Corrosion Abstracts Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace |
DatabaseTitleList | Materials Research Database |
DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
Discipline | Physics |
EISSN | 1872-9584 |
EndPage | 244 |
ExternalDocumentID | 10_1016_j_nimb_2012_12_037 S0168583X12008014 |
GroupedDBID | --K --M -~X .~1 0R~ 123 1B1 1RT 1~. 1~5 4.4 457 4G. 5VS 7-5 71M 8P~ 9JN AABNK AABXZ AACTN AAEDW AAEPC AAIAV AAIKJ AAKOC AALRI AAOAW AAQFI AAXUO ABMAC ABNEU ABXDB ABXRA ABYKQ ACDAQ ACFVG ACGFS ACRLP ADEZE AEBSH AEKER AEZYN AFKWA AFRZQ AFTJW AGUBO AGYEJ AHHHB AIEXJ AIKHN AITUG AIVDX AJBFU AJOXV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMFUW AMRAJ AXJTR BKOJK BLXMC CS3 EBS EFJIC EFLBG EJD EO8 EO9 EP2 EP3 F5P FDB FIRID FNPLU FYGXN G-Q GBLVA IHE J1W KOM LZ4 M41 MAGPM MO0 N9A O-L O9- OAUVE OZT P-8 P-9 P2P PC. Q38 RIG RNS ROL RPZ SDF SDG SDP SES SPC SPCBC SPD SSM SSQ T5K TN5 ~02 ~G- 29N 3O- 53G 6TJ 8WZ A6W AAEDT AAQXK AAXKI AAYXX ABFNM ACNNM ADMUD AFFNX AFJKZ AGHFR ASPBG AVWKF AZFZN CITATION FEDTE FGOYB G-2 HME HVGLF HZ~ H~9 MVM R2- SEW SHN SSZ VOH WUQ 7SE 7U5 8FD JG9 L7M |
ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c333t-47bb80936e47c9fcfaad6e9af02fe0c45e702623d53d62b4b7fa41e9615a88883 |
IEDL.DBID | AIKHN |
ISSN | 0168-583X |
IngestDate | Sat Aug 17 02:12:54 EDT 2024 Thu Sep 26 16:33:40 EDT 2024 Fri Feb 23 02:22:19 EST 2024 |
IsPeerReviewed | true |
IsScholarly | true |
Keywords | PIXE Nuclear microprobe Roman silver coins Silver enrichment Silver–copper alloys |
Language | English |
LinkModel | DirectLink |
MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c333t-47bb80936e47c9fcfaad6e9af02fe0c45e702623d53d62b4b7fa41e9615a88883 |
Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
PQID | 1793288924 |
PQPubID | 23500 |
PageCount | 4 |
ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_1793288924 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nimb_2012_12_037 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_nimb_2012_12_037 |
PublicationCentury | 2000 |
PublicationDate | 2013-07-01 |
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2013-07-01 |
PublicationDate_xml | – month: 07 year: 2013 text: 2013-07-01 day: 01 |
PublicationDecade | 2010 |
PublicationTitle | Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section B, Beam interactions with materials and atoms |
PublicationYear | 2013 |
Publisher | Elsevier B.V |
Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier B.V |
References | Bjeoumikhov, Lanqhoff, Rabe, Wedell (b0065) 2004; 33 WinQXAS – Quantitative X-ray Analysis System for MS Windows operating system, version 1.40, copyright © 2002 International Atomic Energy Agency. García-López, Ager, Barbadillo-Rank, Madrigal, Ontalba, Respaldiza, Ynsa (b0045) 2000; 161–163 D.R. Walker, The silver contents of Roman Republican coinage, in: D.M. Metcalf, W.M. Oddy (Eds.), Metallurgy in Numismatics I, London, 1980, pp. 55–72. Beck, Bosonnet, Réveillon, Eliot, Pilon (b0015) 2004; 226 Rodrigues, Schreiner, Melcher, Guerra, Salomon, Radtke, Alram, Schindel (b0035) 2001; 269 . Crawford (b0040) 1982 Linke, Sehreiner, Demortier, Alram, Winter (b0080) 2004; vol. 42 IFG Institute for Scientific Instruments GmbH Rudower Chaussee 29/31, D-12489 Berlin. Available from Respaldiza, Barranco, Gómez-Camacho, Gómez-Tubío, Ruiz-Delgado (b0085) 1990; 50 Rodrigues, Cappa, Schreiner, Ferloni, Radtke, Reinholz, Woytek, Alram (b0030) 2011; 26 Respaldiza, Gómez-Tubío, Sánchez del Junco, Barranco, Sáiz-Jiménez (b0090) 1994; 89 Cope (b0005) 1972 Beck, Alloin, Berthier, Réveillon, Costa (b0020) 2008; 266 Kantarelou, Ager, Eugenidou, Chaves, Andreou, Kontou, Katsikosta, Respaldiza, Serafin, Sokaras, Zarkadas, Polikretu, Karydas (b0025) 2011; 66 La Niece, Craddock (b0010) 1993 Campbell, Boyd, Grassi, Bonnick, Maxwell (b0050) 2010; 268 F.J. Ager, A.I. Moreno-Suárez, B. Gómez-Tubío, M.A. Respaldiza, M.A. Ontalba-Salamanca, Inés Ortega-Feliu, in: Actas XXXII Reunión Bienal de la Real Sociedad Española de Física, 2009, pp. 429–430 (in Spanish). 10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.037_b0075 10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.037_b0055 Bjeoumikhov (10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.037_b0065) 2004; 33 Rodrigues (10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.037_b0035) 2001; 269 Campbell (10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.037_b0050) 2010; 268 Kantarelou (10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.037_b0025) 2011; 66 La Niece (10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.037_b0010) 1993 Beck (10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.037_b0020) 2008; 266 10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.037_b0070 10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.037_b0060 Rodrigues (10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.037_b0030) 2011; 26 Crawford (10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.037_b0040) 1982 Cope (10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.037_b0005) 1972 Beck (10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.037_b0015) 2004; 226 García-López (10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.037_b0045) 2000; 161–163 Respaldiza (10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.037_b0085) 1990; 50 Respaldiza (10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.037_b0090) 1994; 89 Linke (10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.037_b0080) 2004; vol. 42 |
References_xml | – volume: vol. 42 start-page: 605 year: 2004 end-page: 633 ident: b0080 publication-title: Non-destructive Microanalysis of Cultural Heritage Materials contributor: fullname: Winter – volume: 66 start-page: 681 year: 2011 end-page: 690 ident: b0025 publication-title: Spectrochim. Acta B contributor: fullname: Karydas – start-page: 261 year: 1972 end-page: 278 ident: b0005 publication-title: Methods of Chemical and Metallurgical Investigation of Ancient Coinage contributor: fullname: Cope – volume: 50 start-page: 226 year: 1990 end-page: 230 ident: b0085 publication-title: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B contributor: fullname: Ruiz-Delgado – volume: 226 start-page: 153 year: 2004 end-page: 162 ident: b0015 publication-title: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B contributor: fullname: Pilon – volume: 33 start-page: 312 year: 2004 end-page: 316 ident: b0065 publication-title: X-ray Spectrom. contributor: fullname: Wedell – volume: 161–163 start-page: 1137 year: 2000 end-page: 1142 ident: b0045 publication-title: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B contributor: fullname: Ynsa – volume: 269 start-page: 3041 year: 2001 end-page: 3045 ident: b0035 publication-title: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B contributor: fullname: Schindel – year: 1982 ident: b0040 article-title: Roman Republican Coinage contributor: fullname: Crawford – volume: 89 start-page: 109 year: 1994 end-page: 113 ident: b0090 publication-title: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B contributor: fullname: Sáiz-Jiménez – volume: 266 start-page: 2320 year: 2008 end-page: 2324 ident: b0020 publication-title: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B contributor: fullname: Costa – volume: 268 start-page: 3356 year: 2010 end-page: 3363 ident: b0050 publication-title: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B contributor: fullname: Maxwell – volume: 26 start-page: 984 year: 2011 end-page: 991 ident: b0030 publication-title: J. Anal. At. Spectrom. contributor: fullname: Alram – year: 1993 ident: b0010 article-title: Metal Plating and Platination contributor: fullname: Craddock – ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.037_b0070 – start-page: 261 year: 1972 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.037_b0005 contributor: fullname: Cope – volume: 161–163 start-page: 1137 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.037_b0045 publication-title: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B doi: 10.1016/S0168-583X(99)00702-8 contributor: fullname: García-López – volume: vol. 42 start-page: 605 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.037_b0080 contributor: fullname: Linke – volume: 269 start-page: 3041 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.037_b0035 publication-title: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B doi: 10.1016/j.nimb.2011.04.068 contributor: fullname: Rodrigues – ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.037_b0075 – year: 1993 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.037_b0010 contributor: fullname: La Niece – volume: 33 start-page: 312 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.037_b0065 publication-title: X-ray Spectrom. doi: 10.1002/xrs.733 contributor: fullname: Bjeoumikhov – volume: 66 start-page: 681 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.037_b0025 publication-title: Spectrochim. Acta B doi: 10.1016/j.sab.2011.08.001 contributor: fullname: Kantarelou – volume: 268 start-page: 3356 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.037_b0050 publication-title: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B doi: 10.1016/j.nimb.2010.07.012 contributor: fullname: Campbell – volume: 226 start-page: 153 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.037_b0015 publication-title: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B doi: 10.1016/S0168-583X(04)00831-6 contributor: fullname: Beck – ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.037_b0055 – ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.037_b0060 – volume: 89 start-page: 109 year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.037_b0090 publication-title: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B doi: 10.1016/0168-583X(94)95156-X contributor: fullname: Respaldiza – volume: 50 start-page: 226 year: 1990 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.037_b0085 publication-title: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B doi: 10.1016/0168-583X(90)90359-3 contributor: fullname: Respaldiza – volume: 26 start-page: 984 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.037_b0030 publication-title: J. Anal. At. Spectrom. doi: 10.1039/c0ja00252f contributor: fullname: Rodrigues – volume: 266 start-page: 2320 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.037_b0020 publication-title: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B doi: 10.1016/j.nimb.2008.03.084 contributor: fullname: Beck – year: 1982 ident: 10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.037_b0040 contributor: fullname: Crawford |
SSID | ssj0000535 |
Score | 2.2525942 |
Snippet | The surface enrichment of archeological silver–copper alloys, either intentional or due to corrosion processes, has been known for many years. The most used... The surface enrichment of archeological silver-copper alloys, either intentional or due to corrosion processes, has been known for many years. The most used... |
SourceID | proquest crossref elsevier |
SourceType | Aggregation Database Publisher |
StartPage | 241 |
SubjectTerms | Alloys Cross sections Enrichment Nondestructive testing Nuclear microprobe PIXE Roman Roman silver coins Silver Silver enrichment Silver–copper alloys X-ray fluorescence |
Title | Silver surface enrichment in ancient coins studied by micro-PIXE |
URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.037 https://search.proquest.com/docview/1793288924 |
Volume | 306 |
hasFullText | 1 |
inHoldings | 1 |
isFullTextHit | |
isPrint | |
link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3PS8MwFA5zIngRf-JvIniTuq5J2vSmjMmmKMIc9BaSNMEK68RuBy_-7b6kLaKIB6GHUkgpX9PvvZd8rx9C55yZXDGTBia1NKDasEDZnAVaEmloksfWuzXcP8SjKb3NWNZBg7YXxskqG-6vOd2zdXOl16DZey2K3gSSFc44yfpuCz90ZtarEI4o7aLV6_Hd6OGLkFnts9mvm4yypnemlnmVxUw5hVfkVwWdHfrv8ekHU_vwc7OJNpq8EV_Xj7aFOqbcRmtev6mrHXQ1KZzEGVfLNyu1wTArCv3sVv5wUWLvwAunel6UFa68dDDH6h3PnBwveBxnw100vRk-DUZBY44QaELIIqCJUjxMSQyI6tRqK2Uem1TaMLIm1JSZBMqriOSM5HGkqEqspH2TQgYjoerlZA91y3lp9hGWLsPWOUQpBuPCGCqglEj4-HliOZXRAbpoIRGv9T8wRCsOexEOQOEAFHAAgAeItaiJb29SAEn_Oe6shVjAFHf7FrI082UlHIdEnEOlePjPex-h9cjbWDiZ7THqLt6W5gSSiYU6RSuXH_3TZsp8AoabyB0 |
link.rule.ids | 315,786,790,4521,24144,27955,27956,45618,45712 |
linkProvider | Elsevier |
linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Na9wwEBVhQ0gupWkbsk2bqtBbcNZrSbZ8SwlZdpsPAsmCb0KSJeJAvMt695BLf3tnZJuSEnIo-GAMMuZpPHojvZkh5IcUrjTC5ZHLPY-4dSIyvhSR1Uw7npWpD90arm_S6Zz_KkSxRc77XBiUVXa-v_XpwVt3T0YdmqNlVY3ugKxIIVkxxiP8GJtZbyMbQF3X6e-_Og8sYNIW-A4pRkWXOdOKvOrqyaC-Kwl7gtgM_fXV6R8_HRafyXvyrmON9Gf7Yftky9UfyE5Qb9rmIzm7q1DgTJvNymvrKNhEZR9w349WNQ39d-HWLqq6oU0QDpbUPNMnFONFt7Pi4hOZTy7uz6dR1xohsoyxdcQzY2ScsxTwtLm3Xusydbn2ceJdbLlwGQRXCSsFK9PEcJN5zccuB_6iIeaV7IAM6kXtDgnVyK9tCWuUgHFxCvFPzjT8-jLzkutkSE56SNSyrYChemnYo0IAFQKo4AIAh0T0qKkX86jARb857nsPsQIDx1MLXbvFplHoQRIpIU78_J_v_kZ2p_fXV-pqdnN5RPaS0NACBbdfyGC92rivQCvW5jiYzR9ExMjy |
openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Silver+surface+enrichment+in+ancient+coins+studied+by+micro-PIXE&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+instruments+%26+methods+in+physics+research.+Section+B%2C+Beam+interactions+with+materials+and+atoms&rft.au=Ager%2C+F.J.&rft.au=Moreno-Su%C3%A1rez%2C+A.I.&rft.au=Scrivano%2C+S.&rft.au=Ortega-Feliu%2C+I.&rft.date=2013-07-01&rft.pub=Elsevier+B.V&rft.issn=0168-583X&rft.eissn=1872-9584&rft.volume=306&rft.spage=241&rft.epage=244&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.nimb.2012.12.037&rft.externalDocID=S0168583X12008014 |
thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0168-583X&client=summon |
thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0168-583X&client=summon |
thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0168-583X&client=summon |