Left-Behind Children and Risk of Unintentional Injury in Rural China-A Cross-Sectional Survey

Unintentional injury is the leading cause of childhood death and disability in many countries worldwide. This study aimed to quantify rates and risk factors for childhood unintentional injury in areas of rural China, where many children are left behind by migrant worker parents. We administered a qu...

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Published inInternational journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 16; no. 3; p. 403
Main Authors Ma, Sha, Jiang, Minmin, Wang, Feng, Lu, Jingjing, Li, Lu, Hesketh, Therese
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 31.01.2019
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Abstract Unintentional injury is the leading cause of childhood death and disability in many countries worldwide. This study aimed to quantify rates and risk factors for childhood unintentional injury in areas of rural China, where many children are left behind by migrant worker parents. We administered a questionnaire to children aged 9 to 15, in 56 schools in five counties in Zhejiang and Guizhou provinces. Of the 3791 respondents, 44% lived with both parents, 23% with one parent, and 33% with neither. Around half the children (47.9%) had suffered at least one unintentional injury in the past year, with burns (26%), animal bites (20%) and mechanical injury (18%) the most common. Left-behind children had no increased risk of unintentional injury, but children living in poorer Guizhou ( = 0.001), of divorced parents ( = 0.02), and less well-educated mothers ( = 0.02) were associated with higher risk. Virtual absence of personal level risk factors highlights the importance of addressing environmental risk to reduce childhood injury. The findings have informed a community-based intervention to reduce injury risk through raising awareness of environmental hazards, and through removal of specific hazards. Importantly, the Chinese government should ensure that known effective interventions are subject to legislation and enforcement.
AbstractList Unintentional injury is the leading cause of childhood death and disability in many countries worldwide. This study aimed to quantify rates and risk factors for childhood unintentional injury in areas of rural China, where many children are left behind by migrant worker parents. We administered a questionnaire to children aged 9 to 15, in 56 schools in five counties in Zhejiang and Guizhou provinces. Of the 3791 respondents, 44% lived with both parents, 23% with one parent, and 33% with neither. Around half the children (47.9%) had suffered at least one unintentional injury in the past year, with burns (26%), animal bites (20%) and mechanical injury (18%) the most common. Left-behind children had no increased risk of unintentional injury, but children living in poorer Guizhou ( = 0.001), of divorced parents ( = 0.02), and less well-educated mothers ( = 0.02) were associated with higher risk. Virtual absence of personal level risk factors highlights the importance of addressing environmental risk to reduce childhood injury. The findings have informed a community-based intervention to reduce injury risk through raising awareness of environmental hazards, and through removal of specific hazards. Importantly, the Chinese government should ensure that known effective interventions are subject to legislation and enforcement.
Unintentional injury is the leading cause of childhood death and disability in many countries worldwide. This study aimed to quantify rates and risk factors for childhood unintentional injury in areas of rural China, where many children are left behind by migrant worker parents. We administered a questionnaire to children aged 9 to 15, in 56 schools in five counties in Zhejiang and Guizhou provinces. Of the 3791 respondents, 44% lived with both parents, 23% with one parent, and 33% with neither. Around half the children (47.9%) had suffered at least one unintentional injury in the past year, with burns (26%), animal bites (20%) and mechanical injury (18%) the most common. Left-behind children had no increased risk of unintentional injury, but children living in poorer Guizhou (p = 0.001), of divorced parents (p = 0.02), and less well-educated mothers (p = 0.02) were associated with higher risk. Virtual absence of personal level risk factors highlights the importance of addressing environmental risk to reduce childhood injury. The findings have informed a community-based intervention to reduce injury risk through raising awareness of environmental hazards, and through removal of specific hazards. Importantly, the Chinese government should ensure that known effective interventions are subject to legislation and enforcement.
Unintentional injury is the leading cause of childhood death and disability in many countries worldwide. This study aimed to quantify rates and risk factors for childhood unintentional injury in areas of rural China, where many children are left behind by migrant worker parents. We administered a questionnaire to children aged 9 to 15, in 56 schools in five counties in Zhejiang and Guizhou provinces. Of the 3791 respondents, 44% lived with both parents, 23% with one parent, and 33% with neither. Around half the children (47.9%) had suffered at least one unintentional injury in the past year, with burns (26%), animal bites (20%) and mechanical injury (18%) the most common. Left-behind children had no increased risk of unintentional injury, but children living in poorer Guizhou ( p = 0.001), of divorced parents ( p = 0.02), and less well-educated mothers ( p = 0.02) were associated with higher risk. Virtual absence of personal level risk factors highlights the importance of addressing environmental risk to reduce childhood injury. The findings have informed a community-based intervention to reduce injury risk through raising awareness of environmental hazards, and through removal of specific hazards. Importantly, the Chinese government should ensure that known effective interventions are subject to legislation and enforcement.
Studies show that the risk of unintentional injury in children is affected by three major factors: (1) Children’s physical and cognitive abilities, mainly determined by age, (2) environmental or neighborhood factors, and (3) social factors, including poor care and supervision by adult caregivers [9]. [...]a number of extreme events, including fatal injuries, drowning and suicide, using pesticides, among rural Chinese children have been widely reported by the media and have drawn attention to the consequences of the phenomenon of the large numbers of left-behind children in rural areas with lack of appropriate supervision and exposure to environmental hazards. Partly in response to this call, and in recognition of the vulnerability of left-behind children across a range of parameters, we started to work with local governments in two provinces, Zhejiang and Guizhou, to explore the development of an intervention to provide support and care to children in poor rural areas, with a focus on left-behind children. Unintentional injury was divided into mechanical (including falls, abrasions, bruises, lacerations, fracture and sprain), animal bites (dog, cat, snake), burns and scalds, near drowning, and road traffic injury.
Author Jiang, Minmin
Lu, Jingjing
Hesketh, Therese
Ma, Sha
Li, Lu
Wang, Feng
AuthorAffiliation 1 The Institute of Social and Family Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Lu, Hangzhou 310012, China; masha.1987@163.com (S.M.); jiangm@zjnu.edu.cn (M.J.); wangfeng1990@zju.ed.cn (F.W.); jingjinglu@zju.edu.cn (J.L.); lilu@zju.edu.cn (L.L.)
2 The Centre for Global Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Lu, Hangzhou 310012, China
3 The UCL Institute for Global Health, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N1EH, UK
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Issue 3
Keywords left-behind children
environment
unintentional injury
China
Language English
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Snippet Unintentional injury is the leading cause of childhood death and disability in many countries worldwide. This study aimed to quantify rates and risk factors...
Studies show that the risk of unintentional injury in children is affected by three major factors: (1) Children’s physical and cognitive abilities, mainly...
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StartPage 403
SubjectTerms Adolescent
Age
Animal bites
Bites
Burns
Caregivers
Child
Child Health
Children
China - epidemiology
Chronology
Cross-Sectional Studies
Drowning
Environmental hazards
Families & family life
Female
Health risks
Humans
Injuries
Literacy
Local government
Low income groups
Male
Neighborhoods
Parents & parenting
Pesticides
Poisoning
Provinces
Questionnaires
Researchers
Risk Factors
Rural areas
Rural environments
Rural Health
Schools
Social factors
Sociodemographics
Studies
Suicide
Supervision
Surveys and Questionnaires
Traffic
Wounds and Injuries - epidemiology
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Title Left-Behind Children and Risk of Unintentional Injury in Rural China-A Cross-Sectional Survey
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Volume 16
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