Left-Behind Children and Risk of Unintentional Injury in Rural China-A Cross-Sectional Survey
Unintentional injury is the leading cause of childhood death and disability in many countries worldwide. This study aimed to quantify rates and risk factors for childhood unintentional injury in areas of rural China, where many children are left behind by migrant worker parents. We administered a qu...
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Published in | International journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 16; no. 3; p. 403 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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31.01.2019
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Abstract | Unintentional injury is the leading cause of childhood death and disability in many countries worldwide. This study aimed to quantify rates and risk factors for childhood unintentional injury in areas of rural China, where many children are left behind by migrant worker parents. We administered a questionnaire to children aged 9 to 15, in 56 schools in five counties in Zhejiang and Guizhou provinces. Of the 3791 respondents, 44% lived with both parents, 23% with one parent, and 33% with neither. Around half the children (47.9%) had suffered at least one unintentional injury in the past year, with burns (26%), animal bites (20%) and mechanical injury (18%) the most common. Left-behind children had no increased risk of unintentional injury, but children living in poorer Guizhou (
= 0.001), of divorced parents (
= 0.02), and less well-educated mothers (
= 0.02) were associated with higher risk. Virtual absence of personal level risk factors highlights the importance of addressing environmental risk to reduce childhood injury. The findings have informed a community-based intervention to reduce injury risk through raising awareness of environmental hazards, and through removal of specific hazards. Importantly, the Chinese government should ensure that known effective interventions are subject to legislation and enforcement. |
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AbstractList | Unintentional injury is the leading cause of childhood death and disability in many countries worldwide. This study aimed to quantify rates and risk factors for childhood unintentional injury in areas of rural China, where many children are left behind by migrant worker parents. We administered a questionnaire to children aged 9 to 15, in 56 schools in five counties in Zhejiang and Guizhou provinces. Of the 3791 respondents, 44% lived with both parents, 23% with one parent, and 33% with neither. Around half the children (47.9%) had suffered at least one unintentional injury in the past year, with burns (26%), animal bites (20%) and mechanical injury (18%) the most common. Left-behind children had no increased risk of unintentional injury, but children living in poorer Guizhou (
= 0.001), of divorced parents (
= 0.02), and less well-educated mothers (
= 0.02) were associated with higher risk. Virtual absence of personal level risk factors highlights the importance of addressing environmental risk to reduce childhood injury. The findings have informed a community-based intervention to reduce injury risk through raising awareness of environmental hazards, and through removal of specific hazards. Importantly, the Chinese government should ensure that known effective interventions are subject to legislation and enforcement. Unintentional injury is the leading cause of childhood death and disability in many countries worldwide. This study aimed to quantify rates and risk factors for childhood unintentional injury in areas of rural China, where many children are left behind by migrant worker parents. We administered a questionnaire to children aged 9 to 15, in 56 schools in five counties in Zhejiang and Guizhou provinces. Of the 3791 respondents, 44% lived with both parents, 23% with one parent, and 33% with neither. Around half the children (47.9%) had suffered at least one unintentional injury in the past year, with burns (26%), animal bites (20%) and mechanical injury (18%) the most common. Left-behind children had no increased risk of unintentional injury, but children living in poorer Guizhou (p = 0.001), of divorced parents (p = 0.02), and less well-educated mothers (p = 0.02) were associated with higher risk. Virtual absence of personal level risk factors highlights the importance of addressing environmental risk to reduce childhood injury. The findings have informed a community-based intervention to reduce injury risk through raising awareness of environmental hazards, and through removal of specific hazards. Importantly, the Chinese government should ensure that known effective interventions are subject to legislation and enforcement. Unintentional injury is the leading cause of childhood death and disability in many countries worldwide. This study aimed to quantify rates and risk factors for childhood unintentional injury in areas of rural China, where many children are left behind by migrant worker parents. We administered a questionnaire to children aged 9 to 15, in 56 schools in five counties in Zhejiang and Guizhou provinces. Of the 3791 respondents, 44% lived with both parents, 23% with one parent, and 33% with neither. Around half the children (47.9%) had suffered at least one unintentional injury in the past year, with burns (26%), animal bites (20%) and mechanical injury (18%) the most common. Left-behind children had no increased risk of unintentional injury, but children living in poorer Guizhou ( p = 0.001), of divorced parents ( p = 0.02), and less well-educated mothers ( p = 0.02) were associated with higher risk. Virtual absence of personal level risk factors highlights the importance of addressing environmental risk to reduce childhood injury. The findings have informed a community-based intervention to reduce injury risk through raising awareness of environmental hazards, and through removal of specific hazards. Importantly, the Chinese government should ensure that known effective interventions are subject to legislation and enforcement. Studies show that the risk of unintentional injury in children is affected by three major factors: (1) Children’s physical and cognitive abilities, mainly determined by age, (2) environmental or neighborhood factors, and (3) social factors, including poor care and supervision by adult caregivers [9]. [...]a number of extreme events, including fatal injuries, drowning and suicide, using pesticides, among rural Chinese children have been widely reported by the media and have drawn attention to the consequences of the phenomenon of the large numbers of left-behind children in rural areas with lack of appropriate supervision and exposure to environmental hazards. Partly in response to this call, and in recognition of the vulnerability of left-behind children across a range of parameters, we started to work with local governments in two provinces, Zhejiang and Guizhou, to explore the development of an intervention to provide support and care to children in poor rural areas, with a focus on left-behind children. Unintentional injury was divided into mechanical (including falls, abrasions, bruises, lacerations, fracture and sprain), animal bites (dog, cat, snake), burns and scalds, near drowning, and road traffic injury. |
Author | Jiang, Minmin Lu, Jingjing Hesketh, Therese Ma, Sha Li, Lu Wang, Feng |
AuthorAffiliation | 1 The Institute of Social and Family Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Lu, Hangzhou 310012, China; masha.1987@163.com (S.M.); jiangm@zjnu.edu.cn (M.J.); wangfeng1990@zju.ed.cn (F.W.); jingjinglu@zju.edu.cn (J.L.); lilu@zju.edu.cn (L.L.) 2 The Centre for Global Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Lu, Hangzhou 310012, China 3 The UCL Institute for Global Health, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N1EH, UK |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 The Institute of Social and Family Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Lu, Hangzhou 310012, China; masha.1987@163.com (S.M.); jiangm@zjnu.edu.cn (M.J.); wangfeng1990@zju.ed.cn (F.W.); jingjinglu@zju.edu.cn (J.L.); lilu@zju.edu.cn (L.L.) – name: 3 The UCL Institute for Global Health, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N1EH, UK – name: 2 The Centre for Global Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Lu, Hangzhou 310012, China |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Sha surname: Ma fullname: Ma, Sha email: masha.1987@163.com organization: The Institute of Social and Family Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Lu, Hangzhou 310012, China. masha.1987@163.com – sequence: 2 givenname: Minmin surname: Jiang fullname: Jiang, Minmin email: jiangm@zjnu.edu.cn organization: The Institute of Social and Family Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Lu, Hangzhou 310012, China. jiangm@zjnu.edu.cn – sequence: 3 givenname: Feng surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Feng email: wangfeng1990@zju.ed.cn organization: The Institute of Social and Family Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Lu, Hangzhou 310012, China. wangfeng1990@zju.ed.cn – sequence: 4 givenname: Jingjing surname: Lu fullname: Lu, Jingjing email: jingjinglu@zju.edu.cn organization: The Institute of Social and Family Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Lu, Hangzhou 310012, China. jingjinglu@zju.edu.cn – sequence: 5 givenname: Lu surname: Li fullname: Li, Lu email: lilu@zju.edu.cn organization: The Institute of Social and Family Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Lu, Hangzhou 310012, China. lilu@zju.edu.cn – sequence: 6 givenname: Therese surname: Hesketh fullname: Hesketh, Therese email: t.hesketh@zju.edu.cn, t.hesketh@zju.edu.cn organization: The UCL Institute for Global Health, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N1EH, UK. t.hesketh@zju.edu.cn |
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Keywords | left-behind children environment unintentional injury China |
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Snippet | Unintentional injury is the leading cause of childhood death and disability in many countries worldwide. This study aimed to quantify rates and risk factors... Studies show that the risk of unintentional injury in children is affected by three major factors: (1) Children’s physical and cognitive abilities, mainly... |
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SubjectTerms | Adolescent Age Animal bites Bites Burns Caregivers Child Child Health Children China - epidemiology Chronology Cross-Sectional Studies Drowning Environmental hazards Families & family life Female Health risks Humans Injuries Literacy Local government Low income groups Male Neighborhoods Parents & parenting Pesticides Poisoning Provinces Questionnaires Researchers Risk Factors Rural areas Rural environments Rural Health Schools Social factors Sociodemographics Studies Suicide Supervision Surveys and Questionnaires Traffic Wounds and Injuries - epidemiology |
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Title | Left-Behind Children and Risk of Unintentional Injury in Rural China-A Cross-Sectional Survey |
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