Sesquiterpene Synthases of Zanthoxylum ailanthoides : Sources of Unique Aromas of a Folklore Plant in Taiwan
is a traditional spice crop in Taiwan with unique smells and tastes that differ between prickly (young) and nonprickly (mature) leaves. Different volatile terpenes between prickly young and nonprickly mature leaves were identified and considered to be one of the sources of their aromas. A transcript...
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| Published in | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol. 69; no. 42; pp. 12494 - 12504 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
27.10.2021
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| Subjects | |
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| Abstract | is a traditional spice crop in Taiwan with unique smells and tastes that differ between prickly (young) and nonprickly (mature) leaves. Different volatile terpenes between prickly young and nonprickly mature leaves were identified and considered to be one of the sources of their aromas. A transcriptome database was established to explore the biosynthesis of these compounds, and candidate terpene synthase genes were identified. The functions of these synthases were investigated using recombinant protein reactions in both purification and coexpression assays.
TPS1,
TPS2, and
TPS3 are germacrene D synthases, with different amino acid sequences. The main products of
TPS4 are
α-bergamotene and (
)-β-farnesene, whereas
TPS5 forms multiple products, and
TPS6 produces β-caryophyllene.
TPS7 forms monoterpene (
)-β-ocimene and sesquiterpene (
,
)-α-farnesene. Reverse transcription PCR of
gene expression in young and mature leaves revealed that
TPS1 was responsible for the mellow aroma in mature leaves. The expression of
TPS6 suggested that it plays a role in the background aromas of both types of leaves. Our findings deepened the understanding of the volatile compounds of
and revealed the source of its unique aromas by clarifying the biosynthesis of these compounds. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | is a traditional spice crop in Taiwan with unique smells and tastes that differ between prickly (young) and nonprickly (mature) leaves. Different volatile terpenes between prickly young and nonprickly mature leaves were identified and considered to be one of the sources of their aromas. A transcriptome database was established to explore the biosynthesis of these compounds, and candidate terpene synthase genes were identified. The functions of these synthases were investigated using recombinant protein reactions in both purification and coexpression assays.
TPS1,
TPS2, and
TPS3 are germacrene D synthases, with different amino acid sequences. The main products of
TPS4 are
α-bergamotene and (
)-β-farnesene, whereas
TPS5 forms multiple products, and
TPS6 produces β-caryophyllene.
TPS7 forms monoterpene (
)-β-ocimene and sesquiterpene (
,
)-α-farnesene. Reverse transcription PCR of
gene expression in young and mature leaves revealed that
TPS1 was responsible for the mellow aroma in mature leaves. The expression of
TPS6 suggested that it plays a role in the background aromas of both types of leaves. Our findings deepened the understanding of the volatile compounds of
and revealed the source of its unique aromas by clarifying the biosynthesis of these compounds. Zanthoxylum ailanthoides is a traditional spice crop in Taiwan with unique smells and tastes that differ between prickly (young) and nonprickly (mature) leaves. Different volatile terpenes between prickly young and nonprickly mature leaves were identified and considered to be one of the sources of their aromas. A transcriptome database was established to explore the biosynthesis of these compounds, and candidate terpene synthase genes were identified. The functions of these synthases were investigated using recombinant protein reactions in both purification and coexpression assays. ZaTPS1, ZaTPS2, and ZaTPS3 are germacrene D synthases, with different amino acid sequences. The main products of ZaTPS4 are trans-α-bergamotene and (E)-β-farnesene, whereas ZaTPS5 forms multiple products, and ZaTPS6 produces β-caryophyllene. ZaTPS7 forms monoterpene (E)-β-ocimene and sesquiterpene (E,E)-α-farnesene. Reverse transcription PCR of ZaTPS gene expression in young and mature leaves revealed that ZaTPS1 was responsible for the mellow aroma in mature leaves. The expression of ZaTPS6 suggested that it plays a role in the background aromas of both types of leaves. Our findings deepened the understanding of the volatile compounds of Z. ailanthoides and revealed the source of its unique aromas by clarifying the biosynthesis of these compounds. Zanthoxylum ailanthoides is a traditional spice crop in Taiwan with unique smells and tastes that differ between prickly (young) and nonprickly (mature) leaves. Different volatile terpenes between prickly young and nonprickly mature leaves were identified and considered to be one of the sources of their aromas. A transcriptome database was established to explore the biosynthesis of these compounds, and candidate terpene synthase genes were identified. The functions of these synthases were investigated using recombinant protein reactions in both purification and coexpression assays. ZaTPS1, ZaTPS2, and ZaTPS3 are germacrene D synthases, with different amino acid sequences. The main products of ZaTPS4 are trans-α-bergamotene and (E)-β-farnesene, whereas ZaTPS5 forms multiple products, and ZaTPS6 produces β-caryophyllene. ZaTPS7 forms monoterpene (E)-β-ocimene and sesquiterpene (E,E)-α-farnesene. Reverse transcription PCR of ZaTPS gene expression in young and mature leaves revealed that ZaTPS1 was responsible for the mellow aroma in mature leaves. The expression of ZaTPS6 suggested that it plays a role in the background aromas of both types of leaves. Our findings deepened the understanding of the volatile compounds of Z. ailanthoides and revealed the source of its unique aromas by clarifying the biosynthesis of these compounds.Zanthoxylum ailanthoides is a traditional spice crop in Taiwan with unique smells and tastes that differ between prickly (young) and nonprickly (mature) leaves. Different volatile terpenes between prickly young and nonprickly mature leaves were identified and considered to be one of the sources of their aromas. A transcriptome database was established to explore the biosynthesis of these compounds, and candidate terpene synthase genes were identified. The functions of these synthases were investigated using recombinant protein reactions in both purification and coexpression assays. ZaTPS1, ZaTPS2, and ZaTPS3 are germacrene D synthases, with different amino acid sequences. The main products of ZaTPS4 are trans-α-bergamotene and (E)-β-farnesene, whereas ZaTPS5 forms multiple products, and ZaTPS6 produces β-caryophyllene. ZaTPS7 forms monoterpene (E)-β-ocimene and sesquiterpene (E,E)-α-farnesene. Reverse transcription PCR of ZaTPS gene expression in young and mature leaves revealed that ZaTPS1 was responsible for the mellow aroma in mature leaves. The expression of ZaTPS6 suggested that it plays a role in the background aromas of both types of leaves. Our findings deepened the understanding of the volatile compounds of Z. ailanthoides and revealed the source of its unique aromas by clarifying the biosynthesis of these compounds. |
| Author | Chuang, Chun-Wei Wen, Chi-Hsiang Chu, Fang-Hua Tung, Gene-Sheng Lee, Yi-Ru Ma, Li-Ting Li, Ching-Ching Tien, Chin-Cheng Chiang, Nien-Ting Wu, Tsai-Jung Ho, Chen-Lung |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Chun-Wei surname: Chuang fullname: Chuang, Chun-Wei organization: School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan – sequence: 2 givenname: Chi-Hsiang surname: Wen fullname: Wen, Chi-Hsiang organization: School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan – sequence: 3 givenname: Tsai-Jung surname: Wu fullname: Wu, Tsai-Jung organization: School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan – sequence: 4 givenname: Ching-Ching surname: Li fullname: Li, Ching-Ching organization: School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan – sequence: 5 givenname: Nien-Ting surname: Chiang fullname: Chiang, Nien-Ting organization: School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan – sequence: 6 givenname: Li-Ting surname: Ma fullname: Ma, Li-Ting organization: School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan – sequence: 7 givenname: Chen-Lung surname: Ho fullname: Ho, Chen-Lung organization: Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei 10066, Taiwan – sequence: 8 givenname: Gene-Sheng surname: Tung fullname: Tung, Gene-Sheng organization: Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei 10066, Taiwan – sequence: 9 givenname: Chin-Cheng surname: Tien fullname: Tien, Chin-Cheng organization: Kalibuan, Xinyi Township, Nan-Tou 55651, Taiwan – sequence: 10 givenname: Yi-Ru surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Yi-Ru organization: School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan – sequence: 11 givenname: Fang-Hua orcidid: 0000-0003-2299-5013 surname: Chu fullname: Chu, Fang-Hua organization: School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_plaphy_2023_107969 crossref_primary_10_3390_v15122402 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00709_023_01883_1 crossref_primary_10_1080_10408398_2023_2184766 crossref_primary_10_1002_ps_7244 |
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| Keywords | traditional spice crop vegetative phase volatile organic compounds terpene synthase biosynthesis |
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| Snippet | is a traditional spice crop in Taiwan with unique smells and tastes that differ between prickly (young) and nonprickly (mature) leaves. Different volatile... Zanthoxylum ailanthoides is a traditional spice crop in Taiwan with unique smells and tastes that differ between prickly (young) and nonprickly (mature)... |
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| SubjectTerms | Alkyl and Aryl Transferases - genetics amino acids biosynthesis carbon-oxygen lyases Folklore food chemistry gene expression germacrene monoterpenoids Odorants odors Plant Proteins - genetics recombinant proteins reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction Sesquiterpenes spices Taiwan terpene synthases Terpenes - analysis transcriptome Volatile Organic Compounds Zanthoxylum Zanthoxylum ailanthoides |
| Title | Sesquiterpene Synthases of Zanthoxylum ailanthoides : Sources of Unique Aromas of a Folklore Plant in Taiwan |
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