A survey of advances in vision-based human motion capture and analysis

This survey reviews advances in human motion capture and analysis from 2000 to 2006, following a previous survey of papers up to 2000 [T.B. Moeslund, E. Granum, A survey of computer vision-based human motion capture, Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 81(3) (2001) 231–268.]. Human motion captu...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inComputer vision and image understanding Vol. 104; no. 2; pp. 90 - 126
Main Authors Moeslund, Thomas B., Hilton, Adrian, Krüger, Volker
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier Inc 01.11.2006
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1077-3142
1090-235X
DOI10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002

Cover

Loading…
Abstract This survey reviews advances in human motion capture and analysis from 2000 to 2006, following a previous survey of papers up to 2000 [T.B. Moeslund, E. Granum, A survey of computer vision-based human motion capture, Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 81(3) (2001) 231–268.]. Human motion capture continues to be an increasingly active research area in computer vision with over 350 publications over this period. A number of significant research advances are identified together with novel methodologies for automatic initialization, tracking, pose estimation, and movement recognition. Recent research has addressed reliable tracking and pose estimation in natural scenes. Progress has also been made towards automatic understanding of human actions and behavior. This survey reviews recent trends in video-based human capture and analysis, as well as discussing open problems for future research to achieve automatic visual analysis of human movement.
AbstractList This survey reviews advances in human motion capture and analysis from 2000 to 2006, following a previous survey of papers up to 2000 [T.B. Moeslund, E. Granum, A survey of computer vision-based human motion capture, Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 81(3) (2001) 231–268.]. Human motion capture continues to be an increasingly active research area in computer vision with over 350 publications over this period. A number of significant research advances are identified together with novel methodologies for automatic initialization, tracking, pose estimation, and movement recognition. Recent research has addressed reliable tracking and pose estimation in natural scenes. Progress has also been made towards automatic understanding of human actions and behavior. This survey reviews recent trends in video-based human capture and analysis, as well as discussing open problems for future research to achieve automatic visual analysis of human movement.
Author Hilton, Adrian
Moeslund, Thomas B.
Krüger, Volker
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Thomas B.
  surname: Moeslund
  fullname: Moeslund, Thomas B.
  email: tbm@cvmt.aau.dk
  organization: Laboratory of Computer Vision and Media Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Adrian
  surname: Hilton
  fullname: Hilton, Adrian
  organization: Centre for Vision, Speech and Signal Processing, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Volker
  surname: Krüger
  fullname: Krüger, Volker
  organization: Aalborg Media Lab, Aalborg University Copenhagen, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark
BookMark eNp9kEtLAzEQgINUsK3-AU85edt18uhuA15KsSoUvCh4C9k8MGUfNdld6L83Sz156GGYYZhvmPkWaNZ2rUXonkBOgBSPh1yPfsgpQJHDOgegV2hOQEBG2eprNtVlmTHC6Q1axHgAIIQLMke7DY5DGO0Jdw4rM6pW24h9i0cffddmlYrW4O-hUS1uuj61sFbHfggWq9akUPUp-niLrp2qo737y0v0uXv-2L5m-_eXt-1mn2nGSJ-ZUitnVMWLEkhVCQMchAOzosIwwwUv1poXzJRu5ZgtnTOMOxBMVIyWyli2RA_nvcfQ_Qw29rLxUdu6Vq3thihJWgGUkTS4Pg_q0MUYrJPa92q6vw_K15KAnMTJg5zEyUmchLVM4hJK_6HH4BsVTpehpzNk0_ejt0FG7W2SaXywupem85fwXyQCik4
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1109_LRA_2016_2518242
crossref_primary_10_1109_TBME_2024_3416378
crossref_primary_10_1002_ecj_11846
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_robot_2014_02_002
crossref_primary_10_1051_matecconf_201819804010
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_patrec_2018_07_035
crossref_primary_10_1541_ieejeiss_135_372
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compenvurbsys_2013_10_003
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_patcog_2015_08_027
crossref_primary_10_1109_MRA_2010_936961
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eswa_2012_03_047
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_imavis_2011_01_003
crossref_primary_10_1109_TAMD_2012_2182765
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_swevo_2016_04_001
crossref_primary_10_1145_2185520_2185584
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cirp_2013_05_005
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00138_014_0651_0
crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSVT_2012_2199390
crossref_primary_10_1117_1_JEI_24_5_051003
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neucom_2013_10_041
crossref_primary_10_4028_www_scientific_net_AMM_241_244_587
crossref_primary_10_1109_TNSRE_2014_2369740
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_irbm_2008_12_007
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0130293
crossref_primary_10_1145_1360612_1360697
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40092_015_0107_9
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jvcir_2013_03_008
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compbiomed_2021_104316
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPAMI_2011_260
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_020_15086_2
crossref_primary_10_1155_2014_592834
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jvcir_2013_03_011
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2018_2881101
crossref_primary_10_1109_OJITS_2023_3282237
crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSVT_2007_897463
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_engappai_2013_10_003
crossref_primary_10_3724_SP_J_1218_2011_00419
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_imavis_2013_04_002
crossref_primary_10_3390_s140304189
crossref_primary_10_1177_11795727211022330
crossref_primary_10_1631_jzus_C1100202
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_trpro_2018_12_064
crossref_primary_10_1123_jab_2012_0248
crossref_primary_10_1109_THMS_2013_2283945
crossref_primary_10_1061__ASCE_CP_1943_5487_0000400
crossref_primary_10_1109_TCYB_2014_2299955
crossref_primary_10_1002_acs_2479
crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSVT_2008_2005594
crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSVT_2008_2005597
crossref_primary_10_3390_s20113312
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11760_021_02116_9
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11042_020_09004_3
crossref_primary_10_3390_jimaging9120275
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_patcog_2010_07_023
crossref_primary_10_1017_S0263574716000795
crossref_primary_10_1109_TITS_2014_2379441
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11263_009_0266_5
crossref_primary_10_1108_17427371211262626
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cag_2012_03_026
crossref_primary_10_3182_20140824_6_ZA_1003_02252
crossref_primary_10_1109_TMM_2019_2960588
crossref_primary_10_1242_jeb_245138
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eswa_2012_03_005
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_patrec_2019_02_013
crossref_primary_10_1088_1757_899X_1131_1_012004
crossref_primary_10_1109_LAWP_2017_2681099
crossref_primary_10_1145_2508363_2508418
crossref_primary_10_1017_S0140525X17001224
crossref_primary_10_3390_nanoenergyadv1010005
crossref_primary_10_3390_ma11122435
crossref_primary_10_1080_14626268_2011_622284
crossref_primary_10_3390_s23094258
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pmcj_2010_11_004
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_image_2016_07_008
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00138_010_0301_0
crossref_primary_10_3390_biomed2020021
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jvcir_2018_06_028
crossref_primary_10_1142_S0219843612500065
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_imavis_2008_02_004
crossref_primary_10_3389_fpubh_2023_1082139
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00138_013_0508_y
crossref_primary_10_3390_app142210717
crossref_primary_10_1117_1_JEI_26_1_011028
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2021_3095934
crossref_primary_10_1155_2010_507247
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00371_013_0790_8
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_proeng_2012_07_227
crossref_primary_10_1155_2018_7952974
crossref_primary_10_1109_JIOT_2017_2787779
crossref_primary_10_1109_JDT_2011_2134830
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11263_011_0433_3
crossref_primary_10_1117_1_JEI_28_2_023026
crossref_primary_10_3390_s21165613
crossref_primary_10_1007_BF02910057
crossref_primary_10_1109_TVCG_2010_254
crossref_primary_10_1109_JSEN_2018_2873349
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSMCA_2010_2073701
crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_cvi_2011_0185
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_patrec_2009_09_019
crossref_primary_10_1155_2022_8311371
crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSVT_2024_3434733
crossref_primary_10_1115_1_4039194
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cviu_2015_09_003
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00521_016_2346_0
crossref_primary_10_3390_s150924297
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10339_007_0168_9
crossref_primary_10_1109_TIP_2020_2985866
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPAMI_2008_80
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_patcog_2010_04_019
crossref_primary_10_1109_TNSRE_2010_2041792
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00138_015_0710_1
crossref_primary_10_1587_transinf_E97_D_1254
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_imavis_2008_11_007
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11554_014_0467_1
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jbiomech_2014_12_018
crossref_primary_10_20965_jrm_2022_p1085
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10055_013_0240_y
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPAMI_2013_230
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00138_010_0305_9
crossref_primary_10_3390_app112411807
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11263_012_0573_0
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_sigpro_2019_02_021
crossref_primary_10_1177_1557234X13502463
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0078460
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cviu_2013_02_002
crossref_primary_10_1088_1748_3190_ab0fba
crossref_primary_10_1109_TIM_2023_3346490
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cviu_2010_07_012
crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSVT_2022_3219864
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11554_011_0195_8
crossref_primary_10_3390_s19204531
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_measurement_2019_05_007
crossref_primary_10_3390_s150715218
crossref_primary_10_3156_jsoft_28_627
crossref_primary_10_1088_1674_4926_38_10_105004
crossref_primary_10_3390_app11188324
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_entcom_2009_09_003
crossref_primary_10_1109_TIP_2012_2226899
crossref_primary_10_1080_10255842_2020_1789971
crossref_primary_10_3389_ffutr_2023_1216527
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00221_011_2889_3
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cviu_2008_10_003
crossref_primary_10_1145_3709000
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2021_3063028
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_imavis_2010_08_006
crossref_primary_10_4236_jsip_2016_73015
crossref_primary_10_1155_2011_540375
crossref_primary_10_1109_JSTSP_2012_2193556
crossref_primary_10_2165_00007256_200838120_00006
crossref_primary_10_3390_computers2020088
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10055_016_0301_0
crossref_primary_10_1142_S0218001408006752
crossref_primary_10_1145_2398356_2398381
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPAMI_2017_2740308
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0114147
crossref_primary_10_5370_KIEE_2014_63_7_929
crossref_primary_10_1111_cgf_15065
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2020_3043765
crossref_primary_10_3390_s24196262
crossref_primary_10_1145_3130966
crossref_primary_10_5772_55717
crossref_primary_10_1080_09298215_2020_1711778
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cviu_2010_08_002
crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSVT_2019_2912988
crossref_primary_10_3390_s91108508
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_autcon_2015_04_013
crossref_primary_10_1109_JBHI_2012_2233745
crossref_primary_10_1007_s13534_018_0072_5
crossref_primary_10_1002_hbm_22511
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSMCC_2011_2178594
crossref_primary_10_9728_dcs_2012_13_2_255
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPAMI_2012_241
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_image_2008_09_001
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_patcog_2008_02_012
crossref_primary_10_1523_JNEUROSCI_4129_12_2013
crossref_primary_10_7498_aps_63_074211
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nanoen_2024_109395
crossref_primary_10_1109_RBME_2018_2830805
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cag_2015_04_004
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_patcog_2013_01_001
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11063_015_9412_y
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eswa_2015_11_020
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_image_2008_09_003
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10846_010_9448_1
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cviu_2011_01_007
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00138_016_0748_8
crossref_primary_10_1080_15599612_2011_553252
crossref_primary_10_1109_TCDS_2018_2825641
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11704_011_0377_3
crossref_primary_10_1080_02640410903277427
crossref_primary_10_3390_s110706868
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_amc_2016_02_032
crossref_primary_10_3844_jcssp_2010_920_927
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2024_3411155
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_autcon_2017_07_007
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcss_2016_06_002
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10209_022_00883_x
crossref_primary_10_1109_TITS_2012_2212432
crossref_primary_10_1109_JSEN_2019_2957667
crossref_primary_10_3390_s150922089
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11554_018_0825_5
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_aei_2011_06_002
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10489_014_0535_z
crossref_primary_10_1109_TITS_2020_3006768
crossref_primary_10_2298_CSIS1001231W
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11263_009_0284_3
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jvcir_2013_04_007
crossref_primary_10_26782_jmcms_2020_06_00022
crossref_primary_10_1038_s44172_024_00272_7
crossref_primary_10_1115_1_4041446
crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_cvi_2017_0536
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12243_016_0500_4
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_robot_2021_103837
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11263_012_0553_4
crossref_primary_10_1155_2008_638073
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11042_013_1512_y
crossref_primary_10_3390_s19245480
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_imavis_2017_01_010
crossref_primary_10_1109_THMS_2015_2461683
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11042_015_2874_0
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11263_007_0116_2
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPAMI_2015_2502582
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cviu_2010_09_001
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11042_018_7076_0
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11554_023_01349_w
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11760_017_1209_1
crossref_primary_10_1145_3177852
crossref_primary_10_1145_2661229_2661286
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0085811
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00138_010_0298_4
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11042_012_1251_5
crossref_primary_10_3390_mti3020024
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eswa_2014_03_049
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_dss_2022_113794
crossref_primary_10_1109_MCG_2016_39
crossref_primary_10_4218_etrij_13_2013_0063
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_procs_2013_09_174
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12144_022_03977_0
crossref_primary_10_3390_info11020081
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPAMI_2012_61
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cviu_2010_10_002
crossref_primary_10_3390_s17112610
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11263_011_0451_1
crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSVT_2008_2005600
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijleo_2015_09_238
crossref_primary_10_3390_s24196470
crossref_primary_10_1155_2013_715808
crossref_primary_10_1007_s13198_024_02640_0
crossref_primary_10_20965_jaciii_2011_p0723
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00371_015_1066_2
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11263_020_01398_9
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cviu_2010_10_006
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12938_020_00762_7
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_imavis_2010_03_008
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11263_008_0158_0
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0159356
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_patcog_2011_12_028
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11227_023_05541_4
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11554_008_0073_1
crossref_primary_10_3390_s22072481
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fcij_2017_11_002
crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSVT_2008_2005617
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jvcir_2016_04_010
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_engappai_2014_08_015
crossref_primary_10_1142_S0218001414540020
crossref_primary_10_1155_2013_383906
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cag_2023_07_005
crossref_primary_10_1145_2395123_2395125
crossref_primary_10_1108_SASBE_02_2023_0037
crossref_primary_10_1117_1_2909665
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11042_021_11828_6
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12193_016_0229_4
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_asoc_2016_01_047
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neucom_2018_01_092
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jobe_2024_108601
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00530_022_01019_0
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11548_012_0694_5
crossref_primary_10_1109_LMAG_2019_2908149
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cviu_2019_04_011
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jvcir_2012_12_001
crossref_primary_10_1186_1687_6180_2012_36
crossref_primary_10_1109_MSP_2010_937394
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_imavis_2012_07_001
crossref_primary_10_1109_TIP_2011_2142006
crossref_primary_10_3390_sym11101264
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_imavis_2012_07_003
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPAMI_2008_260
crossref_primary_10_1142_S0218001414550040
crossref_primary_10_1109_TIP_2009_2039664
crossref_primary_10_1109_TRO_2016_2587744
crossref_primary_10_1145_3422168
crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_cvi_2015_0298
crossref_primary_10_1109_TVCG_2017_2691322
crossref_primary_10_1093_comjnl_bxy004
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0199744
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_sna_2023_114829
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0150993
crossref_primary_10_1109_TAP_2014_2355259
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11263_012_0522_y
crossref_primary_10_26599_BDMA_2024_9020049
crossref_primary_10_1109_TIP_2013_2244607
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cviu_2010_11_007
crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2018_00927
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_patcog_2010_03_015
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_patcog_2014_09_023
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12652_010_0015_1
crossref_primary_10_1109_TIP_2010_2076820
crossref_primary_10_1186_1748_7161_4_S1_O21
crossref_primary_10_1080_10447318_2017_1278897
crossref_primary_10_1109_TMECH_2010_2074210
crossref_primary_10_4028_www_scientific_net_AMR_383_390_3586
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bspc_2019_04_011
crossref_primary_10_1088_1742_6596_1335_1_012022
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cviu_2006_10_016
crossref_primary_10_1145_3149127
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00371_021_02070_0
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cviu_2020_102985
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11042_009_0376_7
crossref_primary_10_3109_17538157_2010_528637
crossref_primary_10_3390_make5040081
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cagx_2019_100011
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_patcog_2017_01_015
crossref_primary_10_1155_2013_564214
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0127769
crossref_primary_10_3934_mbe_2023125
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10846_016_0334_3
crossref_primary_10_3390_s120912473
crossref_primary_10_3390_s21196685
crossref_primary_10_1002_mop_31714
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2021_3088748
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPAMI_2016_2522398
crossref_primary_10_1109_TBME_2012_2190602
crossref_primary_10_1111_cgf_12519
crossref_primary_10_1145_3372207
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11042_009_0365_x
crossref_primary_10_1109_TITS_2016_2642889
crossref_primary_10_18178_joig_6_1_21_26
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cviu_2019_102794
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jksuci_2018_05_005
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11042_017_4939_8
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00138_011_0344_x
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bica_2017_02_004
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cviu_2015_10_017
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rcim_2016_09_001
crossref_primary_10_7472_jksii_2015_16_3_21
crossref_primary_10_1109_TCYB_2015_2419737
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11042_020_09485_2
crossref_primary_10_4218_etrij_2018_0639
crossref_primary_10_1145_2010324_1964926
crossref_primary_10_1145_2532630_2532632
crossref_primary_10_1109_JSEN_2021_3079983
crossref_primary_10_1115_1_4002345
crossref_primary_10_1155_2022_6405903
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_image_2014_10_002
crossref_primary_10_1177_0040517519832842
crossref_primary_10_1080_1931308X_2013_799313
crossref_primary_10_1145_3191772
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ssci_2020_104658
crossref_primary_10_3390_s23239599
crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_cvi_2015_0087
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSMCB_2010_2043526
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00371_012_0752_6
crossref_primary_10_3724_SP_J_1001_2009_03499
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_imavis_2011_11_004
crossref_primary_10_1145_3272127_3275022
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00287_008_0253_1
crossref_primary_10_1109_TVCG_2017_2688331
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2022_3227344
crossref_primary_10_3390_s22239378
crossref_primary_10_3390_inventions3040072
crossref_primary_10_1142_S0218001412510020
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00521_016_2319_3
crossref_primary_10_1109_TIM_2019_2909603
crossref_primary_10_48175_IJARSCT_22813
crossref_primary_10_1145_3407188
crossref_primary_10_1155_2013_921510
crossref_primary_10_4018_IJAEC_2019070103
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eswa_2013_07_082
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_patcog_2007_12_008
crossref_primary_10_1155_2013_586480
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_engappai_2014_06_006
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_asoc_2014_01_007
crossref_primary_10_1109_TBME_2013_2266341
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40430_016_0662_z
crossref_primary_10_1145_3311972
crossref_primary_10_1002_rcs_1940
crossref_primary_10_1109_TMM_2012_2225040
crossref_primary_10_1179_1743131X11Y_0000000002
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_physa_2018_08_046
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11263_019_01234_9
crossref_primary_10_4028_www_scientific_net_AMM_203_76
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12652_011_0095_6
crossref_primary_10_1109_TMC_2014_2320265
crossref_primary_10_1109_LRA_2017_2773668
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cmpb_2012_08_005
crossref_primary_10_1145_3432197
crossref_primary_10_1109_MITS_2013_2276939
crossref_primary_10_2514_1_A34343
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSMC_2016_2557218
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10209_010_0193_9
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00530_016_0505_x
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eswa_2017_11_008
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_artint_2014_11_003
crossref_primary_10_3724_SP_J_1004_2010_00773
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ins_2018_02_052
crossref_primary_10_3390_s130708835
crossref_primary_10_15622_ia_22_1_7
crossref_primary_10_1111_cgf_13698
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11042_013_1574_x
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eswa_2023_119602
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_sigpro_2014_08_017
crossref_primary_10_4018_IJITWE_331080
crossref_primary_10_3390_electronics13020269
crossref_primary_10_1007_s42452_024_05734_3
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_imavis_2012_06_002
crossref_primary_10_1155_2014_719413
crossref_primary_10_3724_SP_J_1004_2012_00732
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_measurement_2020_107671
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cmpb_2011_12_010
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apergo_2015_04_010
crossref_primary_10_1108_CI_05_2017_0048
crossref_primary_10_1109_TITS_2010_2091272
crossref_primary_10_1080_10494820_2013_765895
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cviu_2016_04_005
crossref_primary_10_3389_fnins_2021_694914
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41928_021_00558_0
crossref_primary_10_7554_eLife_51322
crossref_primary_10_1109_LSP_2017_2687044
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jht_2016_07_002
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_autcon_2013_05_001
crossref_primary_10_1177_1094342014566289
crossref_primary_10_1109_TIP_2011_2158228
crossref_primary_10_1108_01439911111106372
crossref_primary_10_3390_robotics7020017
crossref_primary_10_2478_jee_2024_0002
crossref_primary_10_3390_app132111829
crossref_primary_10_1109_TCYB_2014_2381659
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSM_2017_2750719
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11760_013_0557_8
crossref_primary_10_1109_TIP_2010_2087764
crossref_primary_10_1109_COMST_2019_2934489
crossref_primary_10_1002_cav_1556
crossref_primary_10_1002_cav_374
crossref_primary_10_1007_s42979_021_00827_x
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2023_3244137
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cviu_2016_09_002
crossref_primary_10_1109_TIM_2010_2043974
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_engappai_2024_109912
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12283_022_00377_2
crossref_primary_10_1109_TAES_2016_150250
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11263_016_0941_2
crossref_primary_10_1145_3533384
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12984_018_0388_5
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_measurement_2024_115682
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neucom_2023_01_090
crossref_primary_10_3156_jsoft_33_2_617
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_patrec_2009_03_003
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuron_2015_09_040
crossref_primary_10_1155_2010_105476
crossref_primary_10_1155_2014_704861
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPAMI_2011_115
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11042_018_6401_y
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11263_008_0173_1
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00521_020_04811_z
crossref_primary_10_1088_1361_665X_aa8b42
crossref_primary_10_1134_S105466180901026X
crossref_primary_10_1155_2022_7087130
crossref_primary_10_1109_TASE_2013_2262940
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_daach_2023_e00257
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10851_011_0290_2
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_imavis_2009_11_014
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10846_009_9346_6
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11042_015_2611_8
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPAMI_2011_147
crossref_primary_10_1155_2017_3090343
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_future_2015_03_019
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_patcog_2009_11_011
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_vrih_2020_04_005
crossref_primary_10_3390_ani11092687
crossref_primary_10_1155_2014_280207
crossref_primary_10_1007_s13177_019_00198_x
crossref_primary_10_3390_electronics9040591
crossref_primary_10_1109_TMM_2012_2191268
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_asoc_2022_109617
crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_cvi_2017_0052
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cogsys_2021_09_002
crossref_primary_10_1117_1_OE_54_6_063107
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_engappai_2017_10_001
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0272407
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2017_2732919
crossref_primary_10_3390_s22082953
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_asoc_2016_11_028
crossref_primary_10_3389_frvir_2020_561558
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pmcj_2010_08_003
crossref_primary_10_1177_0142331214543299
crossref_primary_10_1162_evco_2008_16_4_509
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPAMI_2023_3330935
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eswa_2015_09_035
crossref_primary_10_1080_15599612_2014_890686
crossref_primary_10_1109_THMS_2018_2850301
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_physa_2019_121812
crossref_primary_10_1109_JSYST_2016_2553518
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11767_012_0814_y
crossref_primary_10_3390_s22124629
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cviu_2011_08_002
crossref_primary_10_1109_THMS_2015_2493536
crossref_primary_10_3390_s100403741
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cviu_2011_08_009
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_gaitpost_2013_10_017
crossref_primary_10_4028_www_scientific_net_AMM_519_520_615
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2024_3350354
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nanoen_2025_110724
crossref_primary_10_12720_joace_2_2_115_118
crossref_primary_10_29121_ijoest_v5_i2_2021_162
crossref_primary_10_3390_s18113979
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cviu_2012_11_006
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11042_012_1084_2
crossref_primary_10_5302_J_ICROS_2010_16_8_761
crossref_primary_10_5302_J_ICROS_2011_17_7_641
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11766_016_3378_z
crossref_primary_10_1117_1_OE_57_1_013107
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cviu_2009_11_005
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11554_009_0111_7
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10044_012_0292_8
crossref_primary_10_3389_fnbot_2020_567571
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neucom_2019_08_092
crossref_primary_10_1109_TITB_2011_2159122
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11265_015_1049_6
crossref_primary_10_3233_AIS_150326
crossref_primary_10_3414_ME12_02_0009
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSMCC_2009_2027608
crossref_primary_10_1109_TMECH_2018_2874647
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_imavis_2009_10_008
crossref_primary_10_1242_jeb_025379
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2019_2950063
crossref_primary_10_20965_jrm_2018_p0453
crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSVT_2009_2035833
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_sigpro_2009_03_016
crossref_primary_10_1145_3009974
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPAMI_2011_176
crossref_primary_10_1145_2366145_2366207
crossref_primary_10_3390_electronics11152363
crossref_primary_10_1109_MAP_2014_6931711
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cviu_2008_07_001
crossref_primary_10_1155_2014_547069
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_imavis_2017_03_003
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSMCB_2010_2044240
crossref_primary_10_1515_pjbr_2018_0020
crossref_primary_10_1109_TMM_2008_2009722
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fsidi_2019_200901
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cviu_2011_09_008
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11263_022_01668_8
crossref_primary_10_1038_ncomms1064
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_aasri_2012_11_031
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_patcog_2012_12_001
crossref_primary_10_1109_JSTSP_2012_2196975
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neucom_2018_05_132
crossref_primary_10_1098_rsif_2011_0113
crossref_primary_10_29121_granthaalayah_v3_i6_2015_3004
crossref_primary_10_1155_2022_1808990
crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSVT_2011_2133090
crossref_primary_10_1109_JPROC_2013_2262913
crossref_primary_10_1541_ieejjournal_137_89
crossref_primary_10_1089_big_2016_0028
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2020_2994124
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neucom_2011_12_038
crossref_primary_10_1109_TCST_2019_2913129
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neucom_2011_12_037
crossref_primary_10_1258_jtt_2011_011001
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eswa_2021_115657
crossref_primary_10_1061__ASCE_CO_1943_7862_0000979
crossref_primary_10_1109_TVCG_2017_2693151
crossref_primary_10_3390_s24072359
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0185719
crossref_primary_10_1142_S1793351X16400018
crossref_primary_10_3390_electronics9050763
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_patcog_2017_06_024
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40799_024_00716_x
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph10115807
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_conb_2022_02_002
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPAMI_2009_83
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPAMI_2016_2516982
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPAMI_2022_3222784
crossref_primary_10_3390_s121216920
crossref_primary_10_1088_1757_899X_1109_1_012024
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_patcog_2009_05_015
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eswa_2012_08_007
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cviu_2012_03_004
crossref_primary_10_1080_21681163_2013_765732
crossref_primary_10_1109_TASE_2013_2247397
crossref_primary_10_1155_2022_8777355
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11042_012_1147_4
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_gmod_2013_10_006
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPAMI_2010_68
crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_smt_2012_0157
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_artint_2010_04_016
crossref_primary_10_1007_s13198_021_01094_y
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_imavis_2009_05_010
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00138_011_0371_7
crossref_primary_10_1080_01691864_2014_909293
crossref_primary_10_3724_SP_J_1146_2011_00208
crossref_primary_10_5772_61036
crossref_primary_10_1109_RBME_2016_2543683
crossref_primary_10_1067_j_cpsurg_2011_08_003
crossref_primary_10_1080_21681163_2017_1298472
crossref_primary_10_1145_3472290
crossref_primary_10_1007_3DRes_03_2010_03
crossref_primary_10_1109_TCDS_2016_2607154
crossref_primary_10_1186_1687_5281_2013_12
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_engappai_2021_104260
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSMCB_2010_2044040
crossref_primary_10_53433_yyufbed_931553
crossref_primary_10_1109_TNSRE_2014_2326254
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12938_015_0102_9
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12652_020_02378_0
crossref_primary_10_1155_2018_4239725
crossref_primary_10_1155_2022_2654892
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_robot_2013_11_003
crossref_primary_10_3390_s19112604
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_patcog_2015_03_004
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11045_023_00883_x
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cviu_2017_01_011
crossref_primary_10_1109_MIS_2010_114
crossref_primary_10_3389_frobt_2015_00028
crossref_primary_10_1163_156855307782148578
crossref_primary_10_1155_2010_340717
crossref_primary_10_1155_2010_626324
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11042_013_1524_7
crossref_primary_10_4028_www_scientific_net_AMR_765_767_2826
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12283_016_0218_6
crossref_primary_10_1186_1687_5281_2011_13
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ymssp_2013_10_005
crossref_primary_10_1109_TKDE_2011_51
crossref_primary_10_3390_electronics12183935
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eswa_2015_05_023
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_riai_2013_09_009
crossref_primary_10_5772_52555
crossref_primary_10_1109_MRA_2011_942114
crossref_primary_10_1145_3626241
crossref_primary_10_1080_21681163_2020_1790040
crossref_primary_10_1080_1931308X_2013_838068
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10846_021_01560_6
crossref_primary_10_3390_data3030024
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11704_015_4246_3
crossref_primary_10_3390_s110100638
crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_cvi_2015_0233
crossref_primary_10_1109_LAWP_2016_2588400
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPAMI_2009_41
crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1467_8659_2012_03198_x
crossref_primary_10_5626_JOK_2014_41_9_633
crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSVT_2010_2045916
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10044_007_0070_1
crossref_primary_10_1145_2801134
crossref_primary_10_1108_K_01_2014_0007
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11042_021_10682_w
crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_cvi_20070062
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPAMI_2012_137
crossref_primary_10_3390_app12104806
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00607_012_0216_x
crossref_primary_10_3390_s22134846
crossref_primary_10_1142_S0219519422500531
crossref_primary_10_1097_MAT_0000000000000784
crossref_primary_10_3233_AIS_170425
crossref_primary_10_1631_jzus_A0820388
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eswa_2014_11_063
crossref_primary_10_1080_10255842_2017_1295305
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPAMI_2009_32
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11263_017_0992_z
crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_cvi_2013_0164
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10462_016_9514_6
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPAMI_2012_132
crossref_primary_10_1109_TRO_2010_2065430
crossref_primary_10_1049_cvi2_12017
crossref_primary_10_1109_TCI_2021_3136446
crossref_primary_10_4028_www_scientific_net_AMR_225_226_311
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_gmod_2015_04_001
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neucom_2011_10_036
crossref_primary_10_1109_TCE_2011_5955191
crossref_primary_10_1142_S0219519414400144
crossref_primary_10_3390_s130911362
crossref_primary_10_1080_15599612_2012_721865
crossref_primary_10_1002_cpe_6485
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00521_013_1379_x
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10237_012_0407_6
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10846_010_9442_7
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12283_011_0081_4
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_aei_2016_04_009
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00521_022_07570_1
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11263_010_0384_0
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11042_015_2608_3
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cviu_2018_10_002
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ins_2019_04_031
crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_ipr_2009_0278
crossref_primary_10_3182_20080706_5_KR_1001_02501
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_patrec_2013_01_021
crossref_primary_10_1109_MMM_2019_2915490
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compeleceng_2018_01_037
crossref_primary_10_1117_1_3280284
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_patrec_2013_01_025
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cviu_2011_12_006
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPAMI_2016_2557779
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSMC_2013_2256857
crossref_primary_10_1080_1206212X_2024_2426501
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00530_024_01517_3
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPAMI_2015_2509986
crossref_primary_10_1109_TII_2011_2172452
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0138328
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cviu_2022_103442
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2020_3011360
crossref_primary_10_1109_TIP_2010_2102043
crossref_primary_10_3233_AIS_170467
crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_its_2014_0257
crossref_primary_10_12677_AIRR_2023_122017
crossref_primary_10_1109_TBME_2008_2005944
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPAMI_2016_2557783
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10514_011_9263_y
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_imavis_2009_07_009
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11831_023_09986_x
crossref_primary_10_1299_kikaic_76_3422
crossref_primary_10_4018_jaras_2012100104
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12369_011_0099_6
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_patrec_2010_03_024
crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSVT_2013_2270402
crossref_primary_10_1145_1831407_1831431
crossref_primary_10_1088_1742_6596_2388_1_012033
crossref_primary_10_1109_JSEN_2014_2309256
crossref_primary_10_1142_S0218001419540156
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11263_012_0532_9
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2018_2861004
crossref_primary_10_1109_T_AFFC_2011_27
crossref_primary_10_3390_s24113386
crossref_primary_10_1002_advs_202305025
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_patrec_2009_06_007
crossref_primary_10_1080_09298215_2011_643314
crossref_primary_10_1109_TMECH_2015_2510165
crossref_primary_10_3390_s16121966
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cviu_2013_01_013
crossref_primary_10_1126_sciadv_ade0123
crossref_primary_10_4028_www_scientific_net_AMR_846_847_1102
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2020_3025931
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2022_3193671
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00521_018_3951_x
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00779_015_0847_y
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2021_3110912
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_engappai_2020_103859
crossref_primary_10_1093_comjnl_bxv093
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuron_2020_09_017
crossref_primary_10_1109_TCYB_2021_3050487
crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSVT_2009_2017406
crossref_primary_10_1515_dema_2024_0010
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11042_012_1012_5
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cviu_2019_102897
crossref_primary_10_3389_fnins_2016_00594
crossref_primary_10_4018_IJCVIP_2017100101
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00138_015_0701_2
crossref_primary_10_1109_LSP_2017_2768582
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_knosys_2013_09_014
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40430_024_05134_z
crossref_primary_10_1117_1_OE_51_2_020501
crossref_primary_10_1109_TMC_2015_2416186
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_imavis_2016_06_007
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11071_018_4560_z
crossref_primary_10_1145_3306346_3322978
crossref_primary_10_1061_JCEMD4_COENG_13811
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSMCB_2010_2041662
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_intcom_2008_10_001
crossref_primary_10_3390_s140406370
crossref_primary_10_1109_TNSRE_2023_3285924
crossref_primary_10_1109_TASE_2009_2031094
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00138_016_0792_4
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00500_011_0698_z
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_patcog_2014_11_016
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_imavis_2009_08_003
crossref_primary_10_1186_s40798_018_0139_y
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11263_009_0205_5
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11042_016_4001_2
crossref_primary_10_1109_JIOT_2023_3307155
crossref_primary_10_3390_s151229907
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2020_3021362
crossref_primary_10_3390_s130809966
crossref_primary_10_1080_08839514_2019_1603784
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2024_3354373
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00521_019_04543_9
crossref_primary_10_3390_app13158684
crossref_primary_10_1145_3072959_3073596
crossref_primary_10_37467_gka_revtechno_v1_1264
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_optlaseng_2020_106018
crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_cvi_2014_0001
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPAMI_2008_101
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPAMI_2008_106
crossref_primary_10_3390_electronics13071300
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10462_016_9474_x
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jbiomech_2018_12_009
crossref_primary_10_1109_TIM_2010_2083350
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neucom_2007_09_012
crossref_primary_10_3390_e21050531
crossref_primary_10_3724_SP_J_1004_2010_00610
crossref_primary_10_1002_ima_20183
crossref_primary_10_1115_1_4039987
crossref_primary_10_3182_20120905_3_HR_2030_00056
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_celrep_2021_110231
crossref_primary_10_1142_S021984361550019X
crossref_primary_10_1080_08839514_2016_1138787
crossref_primary_10_1142_S0218001412600099
crossref_primary_10_4304_jnw_9_10_2598_2605
crossref_primary_10_1587_transfun_E102_A_608
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cviu_2012_07_001
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_trc_2012_06_006
crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSVT_2011_2130270
crossref_primary_10_3390_electronics12010167
crossref_primary_10_1179_174313109X373684
crossref_primary_10_1155_2014_309578
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_dsp_2024_104469
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPAMI_2009_122
crossref_primary_10_1142_S0219519417400115
crossref_primary_10_1007_s13042_017_0705_5
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cviu_2010_04_006
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cviu_2010_04_002
crossref_primary_10_1002_cav_1885
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_patrec_2012_09_021
crossref_primary_10_1145_1966394_1966397
crossref_primary_10_1109_TIM_2019_2910923
crossref_primary_10_1080_02533839_2012_731880
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0127833
crossref_primary_10_1109_TCE_2018_2843289
crossref_primary_10_7736_JKSPE_020_020
crossref_primary_10_3390_educsci14080886
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPAMI_2018_2816031
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_imavis_2011_03_003
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2021_3085985
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11042_015_2704_4
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jbmt_2013_05_011
crossref_primary_10_1117_1_3488040
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cviu_2010_03_010
crossref_primary_10_1111_cgf_12466
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rcim_2018_03_014
crossref_primary_10_5573_JSTS_2014_14_2_212
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0166154
crossref_primary_10_1589_jpts_27_1001
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ins_2014_03_013
crossref_primary_10_1109_TIP_2013_2291319
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSMCC_2012_2198883
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cviu_2009_03_012
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_patcog_2013_05_020
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11042_010_0691_z
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00422_012_0544_0
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ic_2020_104550
crossref_primary_10_1177_1550147717696083
crossref_primary_10_3389_fspor_2021_809898
crossref_primary_10_1177_1729881417728016
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijleo_2017_07_040
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_imavis_2017_12_003
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2018_2861223
crossref_primary_10_3390_s17051177
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_patrec_2018_02_003
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2019_2943495
crossref_primary_10_1002_hfm_20881
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eswa_2020_113505
crossref_primary_10_1080_21681163_2013_834800
crossref_primary_10_1299_jamdsm_2022jamdsm0021
crossref_primary_10_3390_s151025628
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11042_018_5971_z
crossref_primary_10_1155_2010_142354
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0214499
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jvcir_2011_12_006
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_autcon_2018_11_026
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_measurement_2019_03_048
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cogsys_2017_08_001
crossref_primary_10_1145_3026479
crossref_primary_10_1109_THMS_2015_2506729
crossref_primary_10_15446_dyna_v84n201_59054
crossref_primary_10_1109_THMS_2015_2398732
crossref_primary_10_1109_TIP_2015_2507445
crossref_primary_10_1080_09298215_2012_762529
crossref_primary_10_3389_fphys_2024_1407753
crossref_primary_10_3389_fresc_2023_1130847
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_patrec_2013_02_006
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijar_2010_04_005
Cites_doi 10.1016/S0167-8655(02)00330-6
10.1007/s11263-006-4329-6
10.1117/12.526886
10.1007/978-3-540-24673-2_20
10.1109/34.868682
10.1038/35090060
10.1109/ICCV.2005.74
10.1007/11789239_28
10.1023/A:1020350100748
10.1006/cviu.2000.0888
10.1016/j.patrec.2004.09.010
10.1109/TPAMI.2006.80
10.1109/ICCV.1999.790422
10.5244/C.14.36
10.1016/S0262-8856(00)00046-9
10.1007/11744078_11
10.1007/11744085_27
10.1016/j.robot.2004.03.002
10.1007/11789239_19
10.1016/S0959-4388(97)80037-2
10.1006/cviu.2000.0893
10.1177/0278364903022006003
10.1109/ICPR.2004.1333992
10.1109/ICPR.2004.1333872
10.1109/TIP.2006.871119
10.1023/A:1008078328650
10.1007/s00138-002-0080-3
10.1109/ACVMOT.2005.92
10.1016/j.cviu.2005.01.005
10.1109/ICCV.2003.1238641
10.1007/3-540-47979-1_47
10.1109/TPAMI.2005.246
10.1109/ICCV.2003.1238662
10.1006/cviu.2000.0878
10.1109/ICPR.2004.1334531
10.1007/978-3-540-24673-2_36
10.1016/j.cviu.2005.07.006
10.1109/ICPR.2004.1334092
10.1109/TPAMI.2004.73
10.1007/978-3-540-24670-1_3
10.1109/ACVMOT.2005.43
10.1016/S0167-9457(01)00056-2
10.1109/ICCV.2005.70
10.1007/11919476_7
10.1007/11789239_43
10.1109/34.868683
10.1109/ACVMOT.2005.93
10.1109/ICCV.2003.1238325
10.1016/S0005-1098(03)00250-4
10.1109/ICCV.2003.1238468
10.1007/3-540-45053-X_1
10.1007/11789239_44
10.1007/s11263-006-5568-2
10.1109/TPAMI.2006.87
10.1109/TPAMI.2003.1233909
10.1109/ICCV.2005.47
10.1016/j.cviu.2003.08.006
10.1006/cviu.1999.0758
10.1006/cviu.2000.0896
10.1016/S0021-9290(01)00068-9
10.1007/BF00337288
10.1109/CVPRW.2003.10101
10.1214/aos/1176344136
10.1016/S0167-8655(02)00327-6
10.1007/s00138-003-0124-3
10.1023/A:1021849801764
10.5244/C.16.31
10.1002/1520-684X(200012)31:14<1::AID-SCJ1>3.0.CO;2-0
10.1109/ACVMOT.2005.22
10.1016/0262-8856(95)93154-K
10.5244/C.18.21
10.1145/566654.566626
10.1109/CVPR.2006.297
10.1007/s11263-005-3671-4
10.1007/s11263-005-4797-0
10.1007/s001380100064
10.1007/s00138-002-0081-2
10.1007/11744078_29
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.02.006
10.1109/TPAMI.2004.1262196
10.1007/11744047_49
10.1109/34.917571
10.1109/34.868677
10.1007/11612704_60
10.1093/oso/9780198510550.003.0017
10.5244/C.19.44
10.1006/cviu.2000.0890
10.1007/s00138-002-0108-8
10.1109/TPAMI.2005.102
10.1016/j.rti.2004.12.004
10.1109/TPAMI.2003.1233903
10.1109/3DPVT.2006.7
10.1109/ICIP.2005.1530605
10.1016/S1077-3142(02)00031-0
10.1007/11744047_33
10.1007/3-540-45053-X_45
10.1006/cviu.2000.0892
10.1109/TPAMI.2003.1206520
10.1109/ICPR.2004.1334025
10.1023/A:1021897717694
10.1016/j.cviu.2003.08.001
10.1016/S0167-9457(01)00050-1
10.1109/ICCV.2005.90
10.1016/0262-8856(83)90003-3
10.1016/0262-8856(88)90001-7
10.1109/TPAMI.2003.1195991
10.1016/j.patrec.2004.10.024
10.1007/11744085_11
10.1007/978-3-540-24671-8_32
10.1109/TPAMI.2006.68
10.1006/cviu.1998.0744
10.1109/ICCV.2003.1238424
10.1109/ICCV.2003.1238420
10.1109/TPAMI.2003.1206511
10.1016/S0167-8655(03)00094-1
10.1109/ICPR.2004.1333922
10.1109/ICPR.2004.1334410
10.1016/S0262-8856(02)00099-9
10.1016/j.rti.2005.06.004
10.1016/S0262-8856(03)00068-4
10.1007/978-3-540-24670-1_6
10.1126/science.290.5500.2323
10.1023/B:VISI.0000011203.00237.9b
10.1109/TPAMI.2006.149
10.1007/3-540-47969-4_52
10.1109/TMM.2002.1017740
10.1007/978-3-540-24671-8_10
10.1023/B:VISI.0000029664.99615.94
10.1109/TPAMI.2005.213
10.1145/882262.882311
10.1007/11612704_58
10.1109/ICCV.2005.234
10.1007/BF00129684
10.1109/NAMW.1997.609843
10.1016/S0262-8856(02)00094-X
10.3233/ICA-2005-12203
10.1016/j.cviu.2004.07.004
10.5244/C.19.47
10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.04.033
10.1109/ACVMOT.2005.36
10.1117/12.205477
10.1007/11499145_58
10.1007/11744023_14
10.1007/s00791-004-0143-2
10.1007/11744085_28
10.1007/s00138-002-0110-1
10.1007/11789239_48
10.1016/S0031-3203(02)00100-0
10.1109/TSMCC.2004.829274
10.1016/S1364-6613(99)01327-3
10.1007/11612032_34
10.1109/ICPR.2004.1333881
10.1109/CVPRW.2003.10040
10.1109/ICCV.2003.1238446
10.1109/ICCV.2003.1238422
10.1145/566654.566607
10.1109/ICCV.2003.1238393
10.1007/s00138-002-0088-8
10.1109/TPAMI.2002.1023805
10.1109/ICPR.2004.1334359
10.1007/11789239_51
10.1109/ICCV.2005.138
10.1007/3-540-47967-8_22
10.1016/j.imavis.2005.09.004
10.1145/1201775.882309
10.1098/rstb.1997.0108
10.1007/3-540-36138-3_16
10.1007/11789239_33
10.4304/jmm.1.1.1-8
10.1007/978-3-540-24672-5_15
10.1111/j.1467-8659.2005.00900.x
10.1006/cviu.1995.1004
10.1109/IRDS.2002.1041654
10.1007/3-540-45053-X_48
10.1109/34.910878
10.1109/34.598236
10.1109/TPAMI.2006.21
10.1109/ICCV.1999.790398
10.1016/S0167-9457(02)00096-9
10.5772/4674
10.1109/ICCV.2005.28
10.1109/ICCV.2005.193
10.1007/978-3-540-24673-2_24
10.1109/34.868686
10.1145/566654.566605
10.1007/978-3-7091-6240-8_1
10.1126/science.290.5500.2319
10.1007/11789239_9
10.1007/978-3-540-24672-5_6
10.1023/A:1008107805263
10.1007/s11263-005-6644-8
10.1007/s11263-005-6879-4
10.1023/B:VISI.0000043757.18370.9c
10.1007/s00138-002-0090-1
10.1109/ACVMOT.2005.34
10.1006/cviu.2000.0897
10.1016/j.imavis.2005.09.024
10.1006/cviu.1997.0620
10.1016/j.patrec.2004.11.011
10.1109/TPAMI.2003.1251144
10.1145/566654.566606
10.1109/ICCV.2003.1238408
10.1007/10722604_13
10.1023/A:1023012723347
10.1109/TPAMI.2003.1227995
10.1038/nrn1057
10.1145/1186562.1015755
10.1109/ICPR.2004.1333921
10.1109/ICCV.2005.229
10.1016/S0262-8856(02)00127-0
10.1006/cviu.2000.0891
10.1006/cviu.1998.0716
10.1023/A:1008108327226
10.1016/S0031-3203(01)00201-1
10.1109/ICCV.2005.201
10.1007/11789239_15
10.1109/34.868684
10.1007/978-3-540-24672-5_8
10.1016/j.imavis.2005.12.012
10.1016/j.cviu.2005.07.011
10.1007/3-540-47969-4_2
10.1007/11789239_39
10.1109/TIP.2004.832865
10.1109/ICPR.2004.1333890
10.1002/scj.1018
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2006 Elsevier Inc.
Copyright_xml – notice: 2006 Elsevier Inc.
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
7QO
8FD
FR3
P64
DOI 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002
DatabaseName CrossRef
Biotechnology Research Abstracts
Technology Research Database
Engineering Research Database
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Engineering Research Database
Biotechnology Research Abstracts
Technology Research Database
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
DatabaseTitleList
Engineering Research Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Applied Sciences
Engineering
Computer Science
EISSN 1090-235X
EndPage 126
ExternalDocumentID 10_1016_j_cviu_2006_08_002
S1077314206001263
GroupedDBID --K
--M
-~X
.DC
.~1
0R~
1B1
1~.
1~5
29F
4.4
457
4G.
5GY
5VS
6TJ
7-5
71M
8P~
AABNK
AACTN
AAEDT
AAEDW
AAIAV
AAIKC
AAIKJ
AAKOC
AALRI
AAMNW
AAOAW
AAQFI
AAQXK
AAXUO
AAYFN
ABBOA
ABEFU
ABFNM
ABJNI
ABMAC
ABXDB
ABYKQ
ACDAQ
ACGFS
ACNNM
ACRLP
ACZNC
ADBBV
ADEZE
ADFGL
ADJOM
ADMUD
ADTZH
AEBSH
AECPX
AEKER
AENEX
AFKWA
AFTJW
AGHFR
AGUBO
AGYEJ
AHJVU
AHZHX
AIALX
AIEXJ
AIKHN
AITUG
AJBFU
AJOXV
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMFUW
AMRAJ
AOUOD
ASPBG
AVWKF
AXJTR
AZFZN
BJAXD
BKOJK
BLXMC
CAG
COF
CS3
DM4
DU5
EBS
EFBJH
EFLBG
EJD
EO8
EO9
EP2
EP3
F0J
F5P
FDB
FEDTE
FGOYB
FIRID
FNPLU
FYGXN
G-Q
GBLVA
GBOLZ
HF~
HVGLF
HZ~
IHE
J1W
JJJVA
KOM
LG5
M41
MO0
N9A
O-L
O9-
OAUVE
OZT
P-8
P-9
P2P
PC.
Q38
R2-
RIG
RNS
ROL
RPZ
SDF
SDG
SDP
SES
SEW
SPC
SPCBC
SSV
SSZ
T5K
TN5
XPP
ZMT
~G-
AATTM
AAXKI
AAYWO
AAYXX
ABWVN
ACRPL
ACVFH
ADCNI
ADNMO
AEIPS
AEUPX
AFJKZ
AFPUW
AGCQF
AGQPQ
AGRNS
AIGII
AIIUN
AKBMS
AKRWK
AKYEP
ANKPU
APXCP
BNPGV
CITATION
SST
7QO
8FD
AFXIZ
FR3
P64
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c331t-d7cafdab46701bb9d0409f0d529d3d49468c463d7f5f3e7ffd34f0939b327ade3
IEDL.DBID AIKHN
ISSN 1077-3142
IngestDate Fri Jul 11 08:42:53 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 23:09:26 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 04:31:57 EDT 2025
Fri Feb 23 02:26:54 EST 2024
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 2
Keywords Initialization
Human motion
Tracking
Review
Pose estimation
Recognition
Language English
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c331t-d7cafdab46701bb9d0409f0d529d3d49468c463d7f5f3e7ffd34f0939b327ade3
Notes ObjectType-Article-2
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-1
content type line 23
PQID 19460231
PQPubID 23462
PageCount 37
ParticipantIDs proquest_miscellaneous_19460231
crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_cviu_2006_08_002
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cviu_2006_08_002
elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_cviu_2006_08_002
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2006-11-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2006-11-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 11
  year: 2006
  text: 2006-11-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2000
PublicationTitle Computer vision and image understanding
PublicationYear 2006
Publisher Elsevier Inc
Publisher_xml – name: Elsevier Inc
References B. Allen, B. Curless, Z. Popovic, Articulated body deformation from range scan data, in: ACM SIGGRAPH, 2002, pp. 612—619.
H. Yu, G.-M. Sun, W.-X. Song, X. Li, Human motion recognition based on neural networks, in: International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems, Hong Kong, China, May 2005.
H. Wang, D. Suter, Background initialization with a new robust statistical approach, in: International Workshop on Visual Surveillance and Performance Evaluation of Tracking and Surveillance, Beijing, China, Oct 15–16, 2005.
Schaal (bib322) 1999; 3
D. Ramanan, C. Sminchisescu, Tranining deformable models for localization, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, New York City, New York, USA, June 17–22, 2006.
J.K. Aggarwal, Q. Cai, W. Liao, B. Sabata, Articulated and elastic non-rigid motion: a review, in: Workshop on Motion of Non-Rigid and Articulated Objects, Austin, Texas, Nov 1994.
J. MacCormick, M. Isard, Partitioned sampling, articulated objects, and interface-quality hand tracking, in: European Conference on Computer Vision, Dublin, Ireland, June 2000.
Sanfeliu, Villanueva (bib319) 2005; 26
P. Viola, M.J. Jones, D. Snow, Detecting pedestrians using patterns of motion and appearance, in: International Conference on Computer Vision, Nice, France, Oct 13–16, 2003.
J.W. Davis, A. Bobick, The representation and recognition of action using temporal templates, in: Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, San Juan, Puerto Rico, June 1997.
C. Yang, R. Duraiswami, L. Davis, Fast multiple object tracking via a hierarchical particle filter, in: International Conference on Computer Vision, Beijing, China, Oct 15–21, 2005.
C. Beleznai, B. Fruhstuck, H. Bischof, Tracking multiple humans using fast mean shift mode seeking, in: Workshop on Performance Evaluation of Tracking and Surveillance, Breckenridge, Colorado, Jan 2005.
Masound, Papanikolopoulos (bib231) 2003; 21
G. Mori, X. Ren, A. Efros, J. Malik, Recovering human body configurations: combining segmentation and recognition, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Washington DC, USA, June 2004.
E.-J. Ong, A. Hilton, A.S. Micilotta, Viewpoint invariant exemplar-based 3D human tracking, in: First IEEE Workshop on Modeling People and Human Interaction (PHI’05), Beijing, China, Oct 15, 2005.
S. Belongie, J. Malik, J. Puzicha, Matching shapes, in: International Conference on Computer Vision, Vancouver, Canada, July 9–12, 2001.
Comaniciu, Ramesh, Meer (bib67) 2003; 25
V. Krüger, J. Anderson, T. Prehn, Probabilistic model-based background subtraction, in: Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis, Joensuu, Finland, Jun 19–22, 2005.
Rizzolatti, Fogassi, Gallese (bib307) 1997; 7
Roweis, Saul (bib317) 2000; 290
M. Trivedi, K. Huang, I. Mikić, Intelligent environments and active camera networks, in: Conference on System, Man and Cybernetics, Nashville, Tennessee, Oct 8–11, 2000.
S. Calinon, A. Billard, Stochastic gesture production and recognition model for a humanoid robot, in: International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, Alberta, Canada, Aug 2–6, 2005.
M. Hu, W. Hu, T. Tan, Tracking people through occlusion, in: International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Cambridge, UK, Aug 2004.
J. Mitchelson, A. Hilton, From visual tracking to animation using hierarchical sampling, in: Conference on Model-based Imaging, Rendering, image Analysis and Graphical special Effects, Rocquencourt, France, March 10–11, 2003.
T.X. Han, H. Ning, T.S. Huang, Efficient nonparametric belief propagation with application to articulated body tracking, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, New York City, New York, USA, June 17–22, 2006.
.
H. Jiang, M. Drew, Z. Li, Successive convex matching for action detection, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, New York City, New York, USA, June 17–22, 2006, pp. 1646–1653.
K. Hayashi, M. Hashimoto, K. Sumi, K. Sasakawa, Multiple-person tracker with a fixed slanting stereo camera, in: International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, Seoul, Korea, May 17–19, 2004.
S. Iwase, H. Saito, Parallel tracking of all soccer players by integrating detected positions in multiple view images, in: International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Cambridge, UK, Aug 2004.
M. Gleicher, Evaluating video-based motion capture, in: Conference on Computer Animation, Geneva, Switzerland, June 19–21, 2002.
Lu, Ferrier (bib226) 2004; 26
S. Park, J.K. Aggarwal, Semantic-level understanding of human actions and interactions using event hierarchy, in: CVPR Workshop on Articulated and Non-Rigid Motion, Washington DC, USA, June 2004.
J. Zhang, R. Collins, Y. Liu, Bayesian body localization using mixture of nonlinear shape models, in: International Conference on Computer Vision, Beijing, China, Oct 15–21, 2005.
H. Wang, D. Suter, A novel robust statistical method for background initialization and visual surveillance, in: Asian Conference on Computer Vision, Hyderabad, India, Lecturer Notes in Computer Science 3851, Jan 13–16, 2006.
Wang, Tan, Ning, Hu (bib390) 2003; 25
A.R. Chowdhury, R. Chellappa, A factorization approach for activity recognition, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Washington DC, USA, June 2004.
D. Demirdjian, Enforcing constraints for human body tracking, in: Workshop on Multiple Object Tracking, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, June 16–22, 2003.
M.W. Lee, I. Cohen, Human upper body pose estimation in static images, in: European Conference on Computer Vision, Prague, Czech Republic, May 11–14, 2004.
A. Bissacco, S. Soatto, Classifying human dynamics without contact forces, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, New York City, New York, USA, June 17–22, 2006.
M. Yamamoto, H. Mitomi, F. Fujiwara, T. Sato, Bayesian classification of task-oriented actions based on stochastic context-free grammar, in: International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, Southampton, UK, April 10–12, 2006.
V. Parameswaran, R. Chellappa, View invariants for human action recognition, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Madison, Wisconsin, June 16–22, 2003.
B. Li, R. Chellappa, H. Moon, Monte Carlo simulation techniques for probabilistic tracking, in: Thirty-Fifth Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, Pacific Grove, California, Nov 4–7, 2001.
N. Howe, Flow lookup and biological motion perception, in: International Conference on Image Processing, Genova, Italy, Sep 11–14, 2005.
Chang, Huang (bib56) 2000; 18
F. Lv, R. Navatia, Recognition and segmentation of 3D human action using HMM and multi-class AdaBoost, in: European Conference on Computer Vision, Graz, Austria, May 7–13, 2006.
Ben-Arie, Wang, Pandit, Rajaram (bib31) 2002; 24
J. Kang, I. Cohen, G. Medioni, C. Yuan, Detection and tracking of moving objects from a moving platform in presence of strong parallax, in: International Conference on Computer Vision, Beijing, China, Oct 15–21, 2005.
R. Plänkers, P. Fua, Model-based silhouette extraction for accurate people tracking, in: European Conference on Computer Vision, Copenhagen, Denmark, June 2002.
D.A. Forsythe, M.M. Fleck, Body plans, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Puerto Rico, June 17–19, 1997.
R. Urtasun, D.J. Fleet, P. Fua, Monocular 3-D tracking of the golf swing, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, San Diego, California, USA, June 20–25, 2005.
L. Molina, A. Hilton, Sythesis of novel movements from a database of motion capture data, in: International Conference on Human Motion Analysis, Dec 2000.
L. Sigal, M.J. Black, Measure locally, reason globally: occlusion-sensitive articulated pose estimation, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, New York City, New York, USA, June 17–22, 2006.
K. Smith, D.G. Perez, J.M. Odobez, Using particles to track varying numbers of interacting people, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, San Diego, CA, June 20–25, 2005.
Bullock, Zelek (bib47) 2005; 11
Wu, Cheng, Jeng (bib397) 2004; 26
V. Parameswaran, R. Chellappa, View independent human body pose estimation from a single perspective image, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Washington DC, USA, June 2004.
M.S. Ryoo, J.K. Aggarwal, Recognition of composite human activities through context-free grammer based representation, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, New York City, New York, USA, June 17–22, 2006.
Plänkers, Fua (bib287) 2001; 81
T.H. Chalidabhongse, K. Kim, D. Harwood, L. Davis, A perturbation method for evaluating background subtraction algorithms, in: Workshop on Visual Surveillance and Performance Evaluation of Tracking and Surveillance, Beijing, China, Oct 15–16, 2005.
K. Choo, D.J. Fleet, People tracking using hybrid Monte Carlo filtering, in: International Conference on Computer Vision, Vancouver, Canada, July 9–12, 2001.
Ukita, Matsuyama (bib369) 2005; 97
Intille, Bobick (bib166) 2001; 81
S. Ju, Human Motion Estimation and Recognition (Depth Oral Report), Technical report, University of Toronto, 1996.
Barron, Kakadiaris (bib27) 2001; 81
T.B. Moeslund, Computer Vision-Based Motion Capture of Human Body Language, Ph.D. thesis, Lab of Computer Vision and Media Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark, 2003.
O.C. Jenkins, M.J. Mataric, Deriving action and behavior primitives from human motion data, in: International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, Lausanne, Switzerland, Sep 30–Oct 4, 2002, pp. 2551–2556.
I.A. Karaulova, P.M. Hall, A.D. Marshall, A hierarchical models of dynamics for tracking people with a single video camera, in: British Machine Vision Conference, Bristol, UK, Sep 11–14, 2000.
Cedras, Shah (bib54) 1995; 13
A. Elgammal, C. Lee, Separating style and content on a nonlinear manifold, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Washington DC, USA, June 2004.
A. Hilton, D. Beresford, T. Gentils, R. Smith, W. Sun, Virtual people: capturing human models to populate virtual worlds, in: International Conference on Computer Animation, May 1999.
Ivanov, Bobick (bib170) 2000; 22
Ormoneit, Black, Hastie, Kjellström (bib273) 2005; 23
F. Porikli, Trajectory distance metric using hi
Bradski (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib40) 2002; 13
Stolcke (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib356) 1995; 21
Intille (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib166) 2001; 81
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib29
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib21
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib20
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib25
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib26
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib23
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib24
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib39
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib32
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib33
Prati (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib293) 2003; 25
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib30
Bullock (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib47) 2005; 11
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib36
Hariatoglu (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib134) 2001; 81
Zhao (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib415) 2005; 24
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib35
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib50
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib51
Starck (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib351) 2003; 14
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib49
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib44
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib41
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib42
Leichter (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib216) 2006; 67
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib45
Roweis (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib317) 2000; 290
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib46
Remondino (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib299) 2004; 93
Takahashi (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib359) 2000; 31
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib61
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib62
Bregler (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib43) 2004; 56
Jepson (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib178) 2003; 25
Pers (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib286) 2002; 21
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib55
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib52
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib53
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib58
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib59
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib57
Ricquebourg (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib304) 2000; 22
Wu (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib397) 2004; 26
Koschan (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib198) 2003; 24
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib72
Barron (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib27) 2001; 81
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib73
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib70
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib71
Haritaoglu (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib138) 2000; 22
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib65
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib66
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib63
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib64
Ivanov (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib170) 2000; 22
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib80
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib83
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib84
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib81
Howe (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib154) 2000; vol. 12
Barron (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib28) 2003; 14
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib82
Polat (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib290) 2003; 89
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib76
Mikić (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib238) 2003; 53
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib74
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib75
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib78
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib79
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib90
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib91
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib94
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib95
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib93
Hogg (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib148) 1983; 1
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib418
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib419
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib87
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib416
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib88
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib85
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib414
Mori (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib260) 2006; 28
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib412
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib89
Tenenbaum (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib362) 2000; 290
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib410
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib411
Wu (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib399) 2006; 28
Nagel (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib264) 1988; 6
Wang (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib391) 2003; 24
Bobick (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib37) 1997; 352
Kale (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib184) 2004; 9
Aggarwal (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib9) 1999; 73
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib407
Zhao (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib420) 2004; 26
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib408
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib98
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib405
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib99
Eng (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib102) 2006; 15
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib406
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib96
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib403
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib97
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib404
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib401
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib402
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib310
Wren (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib394) 1997; 19
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib318
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib315
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib316
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib313
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib314
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib311
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib312
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib309
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib306
Huang (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib162) 1999; 35
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib302
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib423
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib424
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib300
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib421
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib301
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib422
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib210
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib331
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib211
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib332
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib330
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib218
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib339
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib337
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib217
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib338
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib214
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib335
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib215
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib336
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib212
Heikkila (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib141) 2006; 28
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib213
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib334
Agarwal (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib8) 2006; 28
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib320
Foster (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib111) 2003; 24
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib200
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib321
Dariush (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib77) 2003; 14
Isard (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib169) 1998; 29
Kendall (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib192) 1999
Rao (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib298) 2002; 50
Kim (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib196) 2005; 11
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib209
Mikić (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib237) 2002; vol. 2492
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib207
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib328
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib329
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib205
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib326
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib206
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib204
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib202
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib323
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib232
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib353
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib112
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib233
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib354
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib230
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib110
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib352
Herda (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib143) 2001; 20
Schwarz (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib324) 1978; 6
Taylor (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib361) 2000; 80
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib119
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib118
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib239
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib115
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib236
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib116
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib358
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib113
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib234
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib235
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib100
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib221
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib342
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib101
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib222
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib340
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib341
Billard (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib34) 2004; 47
Gavrila (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib114) 1999; 73
Wang (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib388) 2003; 36
Song (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib350) 2003; 25
Antonini (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib19) 2006; 69
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib108
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib229
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib109
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib228
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib349
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib104
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib225
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib346
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib105
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib344
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib103
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib345
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib133
Ogaki (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib268) 2001; 32
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib375
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib255
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib131
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib373
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib132
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib253
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib374
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib250
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib371
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib130
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib251
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib372
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib370
Shah (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib325) 2003; 14
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib139
Figueroa (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib106) 2006; 24
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib137
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib258
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib379
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib259
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib135
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib256
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib377
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib136
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib257
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib122
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib243
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib364
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib123
Plänkers (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib287) 2001; 81
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib120
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib241
Wachter (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib384) 1999; 74
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib121
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib242
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib363
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib360
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib240
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib18
Ormoneit (10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib273) 2005; 23
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib10
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib128
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib129
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib14
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib126
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib368
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib15
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib127
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib248
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib12
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib124
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib245
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib366
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib13
10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib125
References_xml – reference: M. Chen, G. Ma, S. Kee, Pixels classification for moving object extraction, in: IEEE Workshop on Motion and Video Computing (MOTION’05), Breckenridge, Colorado, Jan 2005.
– reference: S. Park, J.K. Aggarwal, Semantic-level understanding of human actions and interactions using event hierarchy, in: CVPR Workshop on Articulated and Non-Rigid Motion, Washington DC, USA, June 2004.
– reference: H. Ren, G. Xu, Human action recognition with primitive-based coupled-HMM, in: International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Quebec, Canada, Aug 11–15, 2002.
– reference: J.K. Aggarwal, S. Park, Human motion: modeling and recognition of actions and interactions, in: Second International Symposium on 3D Data Processing, Visualization and Transmission, Thessaloniki, Greece, Sep 6–9, 2004.
– reference: J.W. Davis, H. Gao, Gender recognition from walking movements using adaptive three-mode PCA, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Washington DC, USA, June 2004.
– reference: M.T. Yang, Y.C. Shih, S.C. Wang, People tracking by integrating multiple features, in: International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Cambridge, UK, Aug 23–26, 2004.
– reference: R. Urtasun, D.J. Fleet, P. Fua, 3D people tracking with gaussian process dynamical models, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, New York City, New York, USA, June 17–22, 2006.
– reference: M. Roh, B. Christmas, J. Kittler, S. Lee, Robust player gesture spotting and recognition in low-resolution sports video, in: European Conference on Computer Vision, Graz, Austria, May 7–13, 2006.
– reference: D. Demirdjian, Enforcing constraints for human body tracking, in: Workshop on Multiple Object Tracking, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, June 16–22, 2003.
– reference: B. Gloyer, H.K. Aghajan, K.Y.S. Siu, T. Kailath, Video-based freeway monitoring system using recursive vehicle tracking, in: IS&T-SPIE Symposium on Electronic Imaging: Image and Video Processing, 1995.
– reference: X. Ren, A.C. Berg, J. Malik, Recovering human body configurations using pairwise constraints between parts, in: International Conference on Computer Vision, Beijing, China, Oct 15–21, 2005.
– volume: 27
  start-page: 1778
  year: 2005
  end-page: 1792
  ident: bib327
  article-title: Bayesian modelling of dynamic scenes for object detection
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
– reference: D.B. Yang, H.H.G. Banos, L.J. Guibas, Counting people in crowds with a real-time network of simple image sensors, in: International Conference on Computer Vision, Nice, France, Oct 13–16, 2003.
– volume: 29
  start-page: 5
  year: 1998
  end-page: 28
  ident: bib169
  article-title: Condensation—Conditional density propagation for visual tracking
  publication-title: International Journal on Computer Vision
– volume: 34
  start-page: 1217
  year: 2001
  end-page: 1221
  ident: bib17
  article-title: Spatial reconstruction of the human motion based on images of a single camera
  publication-title: Journal of Biomechanics
– reference: M.-C. Roh, B. Christmas, J. Kittler, S.-W. Lee, Robust player gesture spotting and recognition in low-resolution sports video, in: European Conference on Computer Vision, Graz, Austria, May 7–13, 2006.
– reference: H.D. Yang, S.W. Lee, Multiple pedestrian detection and tracking based on weighted temporal texture features, in: International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Cambridge, UK, Aug 23–26, 2004.
– reference: S. Khan, O. Javed, Z. Rasheed, M. Shah, Human tracking in multiple cameras, in: International Conference on Computer Vision, Vancouver, Canada, July 9–12, 2001.
– volume: vol. 2492
  year: 2002
  ident: bib237
  article-title: Human Body model acquisition and motion capture using voxel data
  publication-title: AMDO 2002
– reference: I.A. Karaulova, P.M. Hall, A.D. Marshall, A hierarchical models of dynamics for tracking people with a single video camera, in: British Machine Vision Conference, Bristol, UK, Sep 11–14, 2000.
– reference: .
– reference: J. Kang, I. Cohen, G. Medioni, Persistent objects tracking across multiple non-overlapping cameras, in: IEEE Workshop on Motion and Video Computing (MOTION’05), Breckenridge, Colorado, Jan 2005.
– reference: P.F. Andersen, R. Corlin, Tracking of Interacting People and Their Body Parts for Outdoor Surveillance, Master’s thesis, Laboratory of Computer Vision and Media Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark, 2005.
– reference: L. Herda, Using Biomechanical Constraints to Improve Video-Based Motion Capture, Ph.D. thesis, Computer Vision Lab, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2003.
– reference: L. Wang, H. Ning, T. Tan, W. Hu, Fusion of static and dynamic body biometrics for gait recognition, in: International Conference on Computer Vision, Nice, France, Oct 13–16, 2003.
– volume: 13
  start-page: 286
  year: 2003
  end-page: 302
  ident: bib22
  article-title: Tracking the human arm using constraint fusion and multiple-cue localization
  publication-title: Machine Vision and Applications
– reference: L. Davis, V. Philomin, R. Duraiswami, Tracking humans from a moving platform, in: International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Barcelona, Spain, Sep 3–8, 2000.
– reference: T.H. Chalidabhongse, K. Kim, D. Harwood, L. Davis, A perturbation method for evaluating background subtraction algorithms, in: Workshop on Visual Surveillance and Performance Evaluation of Tracking and Surveillance, Beijing, China, Oct 15–16, 2005.
– reference: R. Rosales, S. Sclaroff, Learning and synthesizing human body motion and posture, in: The fourth International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, Grenoble, France, March 2000.
– volume: 74
  start-page: 174
  year: 1999
  end-page: 192
  ident: bib384
  article-title: Tracking persons in monocular image sequences
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
– reference: S.M. Khan, M. Shah, A multiview approach to tracking people in crowded scenes using a planar homography constraint, in: European Conference on Computer Vision, Graz, Austria, May 7–13, 2006.
– reference: J.W. Davis, S.R. Taylor, Analysis and recognition of walking movements, in: International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Quebec, Canada, Aug 11–15, 2002.
– reference: A. Mittal, L.S. Davis, M2Tracker: a multi-view approach to segmenting and tracking people in a cluttered scene using region-based stereo, in: European Conference on Computer Vision, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2002.
– reference: A. Agarwal, B. Triggs, 3D human pose from silhouettes by relevance vector regression, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Washington DC, USA, June 2004.
– reference: I. Mikić, M.M. Trivedi, E. Hunter, P. Cosman, Articulated body posture estimation from multi-camera voxel data, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Kauai Marriott, Hawaii, Dec 9–14, 2001.
– reference: A. Hilton, D. Beresford, T. Gentils, R. Smith, W. Sun, Virtual people: capturing human models to populate virtual worlds, in: International Conference on Computer Animation, May 1999.
– volume: 26
  start-page: 1208
  year: 2004
  end-page: 1221
  ident: bib420
  article-title: Tracking multiple humans in complex situations
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
– reference: C. Sminchisescu, B. Triggs, Kinematic jump processes for monocular 3D human tracking, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, June 16–22, 2003.
– reference: M.M. Trivedi, I. Mikić, S.K. Bhonsle, Active camera networks and semantic event databases for intelligent environments, in: Workshop on Human Modeling, Analysis and Synthesis at CVPR, Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, June 13–15, 2000.
– reference: J.J. Gonzalez, I.S. Lim, P. Fua, D. Thalmann, Robust tracking and segmentation of human motion in an image sequence, in: International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Hong Kong, April 2003.
– reference: Y. Kameda, M. Minoh, A human motion estimation method using 3-successive video frames, in: International Conference on Virtual Systems and Multimedia, Gifu City, Japan, Sep 1996.
– reference: R. Urtasun, D.J. Fleet, P. Fua, Monocular 3-D tracking of the golf swing, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, San Diego, California, USA, June 20–25, 2005.
– volume: 81
  start-page: 285
  year: 2001
  end-page: 303
  ident: bib287
  article-title: Tracking and modeling people in video sequences
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
– volume: 14
  start-page: 210
  year: 2003
  end-page: 214
  ident: bib325
  article-title: Understanding human behavior from motion imagery
  publication-title: Machine Vision and Applications
– volume: 93
  start-page: 65
  year: 2004
  end-page: 85
  ident: bib299
  article-title: 3-D reconstruction of static human body shape from image sequence
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
– reference: I. Haritaoglu, M. Flickner, D. Beymer, Ghost3D: detecting body posture and parts using stereo, in: Workshop on Motion and Video Computing, Orlando, Florida, Nov 7, 2002.
– reference: O.C. Jenkins, M. Mataric, Deriving action and behavior primitives from human motion capture data, in: International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Washington DC, USA, May 2002.
– reference: T.J. Roberts, S.J. McKenna, I.W. Ricketts, Adaptive learning of statistical appearance models for 3D human tracking, in: British Machine Vision Conference, Cardiff, UK, 2002.
– volume: 24
  start-page: 1715
  year: 2003
  end-page: 1723
  ident: bib357
  article-title: Tracking regions of human skin through illumination changes
  publication-title: Pattern Recognition Letters
– volume: 81
  start-page: 385
  year: 2001
  end-page: 397
  ident: bib134
  article-title: Backpack: detection of people carrying objects using silhouettes
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
– reference: F. Lv, J. Kang, R. Nevatia, I. Cohen, G. Medioni, Automatic tracking and labeling of human activities in a video sequence, in: 6th IEEE International Workshop on Performance Evaluation of Tracking and Surveillance, Prague, May 11–14, 2004.
– volume: 43
  start-page: 59
  year: 1982
  end-page: 69
  ident: bib197
  article-title: Self-organized formation of topologically correct feature maps
  publication-title: Biological Cybernetics
– reference: L.Q. Xu, P. Puig, A hybrid blob- and appearance-based framework for multi-object tracking through complex occlusions, in: International Workshop on Visual Surveillance and Performance Evaluation of Tracking and Surveillance, Beijing, China, Oct 15–16, 2005.
– reference: J.M. Buades, R. Mas, F.J. Perales, Matching a human walking sequence with a VRML synthetic model, in: Workshop on Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects, LNCS 1899, Palma de Mallorca, Spain, Sep 2000.
– reference: M.W. Lee, R. Navatia, Human pose tracking using multi-level structured models, in: European Conference on Computer Vision, Graz, Austria, May 7–13, 2006.
– reference: Y. Sheikh, M. Sheikh, M. Shah, Exploring the space of human action, in: Internatinal Conference on Computer Vision, Beijing, China, Oct 15–21, 2005.
– reference: M. Yamamoto, H. Mitomi, F. Fujiwara, T. Sato, Bayesian classification of task-oriented actions based on stochastic context-free grammar, in: International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, Southampton, UK, April 10–12, 2006.
– reference: H. Ning, T. Han, Y. Hu, Z. Zhang, U. Fu, T. Huang, A realtime shrug detector, in: International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, Southampton, UK, April 10–12, 2006.
– reference: L. Taycher, G. Shakhnarovich, D. Demirdjian, T. Darrell, Conditional random people: tracking humans with CRFs and grid filters, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, New York City, New York, USA, June 17–22, 2006.
– reference: J. Lee, J. Chai, P.S.A. Reitsma, J.K. Hodgins, N.S. Pollard, Interactive control of avatars animated with human motion data, in: ACM SIGGRAPH, 2002, pp. 491–500.
– volume: 15
  start-page: 1583
  year: 2006
  end-page: 1600
  ident: bib102
  article-title: Robust human detection within a highly dynamic aquatic environment in real time
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
– reference: J. Giebel, D.M. Gavrila, C. Schnvrr, A Bayesian framework for multi-cue 3D object tracking, in: European Conference on Computer Vision, Prague, Czech Republic, May 11–14, 2004.
– volume: 21
  start-page: 729
  year: 2003
  end-page: 743
  ident: bib231
  article-title: A method for human action recognitoin
  publication-title: Image and Vision Computing
– reference: T.J. Roberts, S.J. McKenna, I.W. Ricketts, Human pose estimation using learnt probabilistic region similarities and partial configurations, in: European Conference on Computer Vision, Prague, Czech Republic, May 11–14, 2004.
– volume: 28
  start-page: 663
  year: 2006
  end-page: 671
  ident: bib156
  article-title: Principal axis-based correspondence between multiple cameras for people tracking
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
– reference: L. Sigal, M.J. Black, Measure locally, reason globally: occlusion-sensitive articulated pose estimation, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, New York City, New York, USA, June 17–22, 2006.
– volume: 92
  start-page: 196
  year: 2003
  end-page: 216
  ident: bib227
  article-title: Object-based analysis and interpretation of human motion in sports video sequences by dynamic Bayesian networks
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
– volume: 14
  start-page: 237
  year: 2003
  end-page: 247
  ident: bib249
  article-title: Modelling and estimating the pose of a human arm
  publication-title: Machine Vision and Applications
– reference: P. Sangi, J. Heikkilä, O. Silven, Extracting motion components from image sequences using particle filters, in: The 12th Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis, Bergen, Norway, 2001.
– volume: 102
  start-page: 1
  year: 2006
  end-page: 21
  ident: bib282
  article-title: Simultaneous tracking of multiple body parts of interacting persons
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
– volume: 56
  start-page: 179
  year: 2004
  end-page: 194
  ident: bib43
  article-title: Twist based acquisition and tracking of animal and human kinematics
  publication-title: International Journal of Computer Vision
– reference: M. Hu, W. Hu, T. Tan, Tracking people through occlusion, in: International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Cambridge, UK, Aug 2004.
– reference: J. Deutscher, A. Davison, I. Reid, Automatic partitioning of high dimensional search spaces associated with articulated body motion capture, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Kauai Marriott, Hawaii, Dec 9–14, 2001.
– volume: 1
  start-page: 148
  year: 2000
  end-page: 154
  ident: bib417
  article-title: Stereo- and neural network-based pedestrian detection
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
– volume: 28
  start-page: 1052
  year: 2006
  end-page: 1062
  ident: bib260
  article-title: Recovery of 3D human body configurations using shape contexts
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
– reference: C.S. Lee, A. Elgammal, Human motion synthesis by motion manifold learning and motion primitive segmentation, in: Conference on Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects (AMDO), Andratx, Mallorca, Spain, July 11–14, 2006.
– reference: J. Mitchelson, A. Hilton, From visual tracking to animation using hierarchical sampling, in: Conference on Model-based Imaging, Rendering, image Analysis and Graphical special Effects, Rocquencourt, France, March 10–11, 2003.
– volume: 22
  start-page: 852
  year: 2000
  end-page: 872
  ident: bib170
  article-title: Recognition of visual activities and interactions by stochastic parsing
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
– volume: 66
  start-page: 83
  year: 2006
  end-page: 101
  ident: bib279
  article-title: View invariance for human action recognition
  publication-title: International Journal of Computer Vision
– reference: M. Montemerlo, S. Thrun, W. Whittaker, Conditional particle filter for simultaneous mobil robot localization and people-tracking, in: International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Washington DC, USA, May 2002.
– reference: I.N. Junejo, O. Javed, M. Shah, Multi feature path modeling for video surveillance, in: International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Cambridge, UK, Aug 2004.
– reference: N. Date, H. Yoshimoto, D. Arita, R. Taniguchi, Real-time human motion sensing based on vision-based inverse kinematics for interactive applications, in: International Conference of Pattern Recognition, Cambridge, UK, Aug 23–26, 2004.
– reference: H. Yu, G.-M. Sun, W.-X. Song, X. Li, Human motion recognition based on neural networks, in: International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems, Hong Kong, China, May 2005.
– reference: M.W. Lee, I. Cohen, Proposal maps driven MCMC for estimating human body pose in static images, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Washington DC, USA, June 2004.
– volume: 36
  start-page: 585
  year: 2003
  end-page: 601
  ident: bib388
  article-title: Recent development in human motion analysis
  publication-title: Pattern Recognition
– reference: A.O. Balan, M.J. Black, An adaptive appearance model approach for model-based articulated object tracking, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, New York City, New York, USA, June 17–22, 2006.
– volume: 31
  start-page: 1
  year: 2000
  end-page: 10
  ident: bib359
  article-title: Remarks on a real-time, noncontact, nonwear, 3D human body posture estimation method
  publication-title: Systems and Computers in Japan
– volume: 24
  start-page: 1751
  year: 2003
  end-page: 1765
  ident: bib198
  article-title: Color active shape models for tracking non-rigid objects
  publication-title: Pattern Recognition Letters
– volume: 35
  start-page: 91
  year: 1999
  end-page: 101
  ident: bib162
  article-title: Spatial color indexing and applications
  publication-title: International Journal of Computer Vision
– reference: M. Dahmane, J. Meunier, Real-time video surveillance with self-organizing maps, in: Canadian Conference on Computer and Robot Vision, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, May 9–11, 2005.
– reference: D. Demirdjian, T. Ko, T. Darrell, Constraining human body tracking, in: International Conference on Computer Vision, Beijing, China, Oct 15–21, 2003.
– volume: 12
  start-page: 159
  year: 2005
  end-page: 177
  ident: bib252
  article-title: Modelling the 3D pose of a human arm and the shoulder complex utilising only two parameters
  publication-title: International Journal on Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering
– reference: B. Blank, L. Gorelick, E. Shechtman, M. Irani, R. Basri, Actions as space-time shapes, in: Internatinal Conference on Computer Vision, Beijing, China, Oct 15–21, 2005.
– volume: 54
  start-page: 183
  year: 2003
  end-page: 209
  ident: bib333
  article-title: Learning the statistics of people in images and video
  publication-title: International Journal of Computer Vision
– reference: H. Sidenbladh, M.J. Black, L. Sigal, Implicit probabilistic models of human motion for synthesis and tracking, in: European Conference on Computer Vision, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2002.
– reference: E.-J. Ong, A. Hilton, Learnt inverse kinematics for animation synthesis, in: Conference on Vision, Video and Graphics, Edinburgh, UK, June 2005.
– reference: S.N. Lim, A. Mittal, L.S. Davis, N. Paragios, Fast illumination-invariant background subtraction using two views: error analysis, sensor placement and applications, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, San Diego, CA, June 20–25, 2005.
– reference: B. Li, R. Chellappa, H. Moon, Monte Carlo simulation techniques for probabilistic tracking, in: Thirty-Fifth Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, Pacific Grove, California, Nov 4–7, 2001.
– volume: 51
  start-page: 171
  year: 2003
  end-page: 187
  ident: bib220
  article-title: Uncalibrated motion capture exploiting articulated structure constraints
  publication-title: International Journal of Computer Vision
– reference: S. Park, M. Trivedi, A Track-based human movement analysis and privacy protection system adaptive to environmental contexts, in: Asian Conference on Computer Vision, LNCS 3852, Hyderabad, India, Jan 13–16, 2006.
– volume: 22
  start-page: 797
  year: 2000
  end-page: 808
  ident: bib304
  article-title: Real-time tracking of moving persons by exploiting spatio-temporal image slices
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
– reference: M.W. Lee, I. Cohen, Human upper body pose estimation in static images, in: European Conference on Computer Vision, Prague, Czech Republic, May 11–14, 2004.
– reference: J. Gao, A.G. Hauptmann, H.D. Wactlar, Combining motion segmentation with tracking for activity analysis, in: International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, Seoul, Korea, May 17–19, 2004.
– reference: S. Calinon, A. Billard, Stochastic gesture production and recognition model for a humanoid robot, in: International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, Alberta, Canada, Aug 2–6, 2005.
– reference: C. Menier, E. Boyer, B. Raffin, 3D skeleton-based body pose recovery, in: International Symposium on 3D Data Processing, Visualisation and Transmission, 2006.
– reference: T. Yang, S.Z. Li, Q. Pan, J. Li, Real-time multiple objects tracking with occlusion handling in dynamic scenes, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, San Diego, CA, June 20–25, 2005.
– reference: J. Deutscher, A. Blake, I. Reid, Articulated body motion capture by annealed particle filtering, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, June 13–15, 2000.
– volume: 81
  start-page: 303
  year: 2001
  end-page: 327
  ident: bib348
  article-title: Monocular perception of biological motion in Johansson display
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
– volume: 352
  start-page: 1257
  year: 1997
  end-page: 1265
  ident: bib37
  article-title: Movement, activity, and action: the role of knowledge in the perception of motion
  publication-title: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
– volume: 61
  start-page: 185
  year: 2005
  end-page: 205
  ident: bib92
  article-title: Articulated body motion capture by stochastic search
  publication-title: International Journal of Computer Vision
– volume: 99
  start-page: 189
  year: 2005
  end-page: 209
  ident: bib145
  article-title: Hierarchical implicit surface joint limits for human body tracking
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
– volume: 11
  start-page: 172
  year: 2005
  end-page: 185
  ident: bib196
  article-title: Real-time foreground-background segmentation using codebook model
  publication-title: Real-Time Imaging
– reference: K. Moon, V. Pavlovic, Impact of dynamics on subspace embedding and tracking of sequences, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, New York City, New York, USA, June 17–22, 2006.
– reference: C.L. Huang, T.H. Tseng, H.C. Shih, A model-based articulated human motion tracking system, in: Asian Conference on Computer Vision, Jeju, Korea, Jan 27–30, 2004.
– reference: T.B. Moeslund, Computer Vision-Based Motion Capture of Human Body Language, Ph.D. thesis, Lab of Computer Vision and Media Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark, 2003.
– volume: 81
  start-page: 269
  year: 2001
  end-page: 284
  ident: bib27
  article-title: Estimating anthropometry and pose from a single uncalibrated image
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
– volume: 24
  start-page: 363
  year: 2006
  end-page: 374
  ident: bib106
  article-title: Background recovering in outdoor image sequences: an example of soccer players segmentation
  publication-title: Image and Vision Computing
– reference: S. Ju, Human Motion Estimation and Recognition (Depth Oral Report), Technical report, University of Toronto, 1996.
– reference: M.S. Ryoo, J.K. Aggarwal, Recognition of composite human activities through context-free grammer based representation, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, New York City, New York, USA, June 17–22, 2006.
– volume: 26
  start-page: 355
  year: 2005
  end-page: 368
  ident: bib319
  article-title: An approach of visual motion analysis
  publication-title: Pattern Recognition Letters
– reference: F. Lv, R. Navatia, Recognition and segmentation of 3D human action using HMM and multi-class AdaBoost, in: European Conference on Computer Vision, Graz, Austria, May 7–13, 2006.
– volume: 63
  start-page: 153
  year: 2005
  end-page: 161
  ident: bib382
  article-title: Detecting pedestrians using patterns of motion and appearance
  publication-title: International Journal of Computer Vision
– reference: A. Bissacco, S. Soatto, Classifying human dynamics without contact forces, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, New York City, New York, USA, June 17–22, 2006.
– volume: 1
  start-page: 5
  year: 1983
  end-page: 20
  ident: bib148
  article-title: Model-based vision: a program to see a walking person
  publication-title: Image and Vision Computing
– reference: H. Lim, V.I. Morariu, O.I. Camps, M. Sznaier, Dynamic apperance modeling for human tracking, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, New York City, New York, USA, June 17–22, 2006.
– reference: D.W. Kang, Y. Onuma, J. Ohya, Estimating complicated and overlapped human body postures by wearing a multiple-colored suit using color information processing, in: International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, Seoul, Korea, May 17–19, 2004.
– reference: V. Parameswaran, R. Chellappa, View independent human body pose estimation from a single perspective image, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Washington DC, USA, June 2004.
– reference: S.S. Cheung, C. Kamath, Robust techniques for background subtraction in Urban traffic video, in: Video Communications and Image Processing. SPIE Electronic Imaging, vol. 5308, San Jose, California, Jan 2004.
– volume: 19
  start-page: 780
  year: 1997
  end-page: 785
  ident: bib394
  article-title: Pfinder: real-time tracking of the human body
  publication-title: Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
– volume: 14
  start-page: 202
  year: 2003
  end-page: 205
  ident: bib77
  article-title: Human motion analysis for biomechanics and biomedicine
  publication-title: Machine Vision and Applications
– reference: K. Choo, D.J. Fleet, People tracking using hybrid Monte Carlo filtering, in: International Conference on Computer Vision, Vancouver, Canada, July 9–12, 2001.
– reference: Collins, Lipton, Kanade, Fujiyoshi, Duggins, Tsin, Tolliver, Enomoto, Hasegawa, A system for video surveillance and monitoring: VSAM final report, Technical report CMU-RI-TR-00-12, Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, 2000.
– reference: T. Zhao, R. Nevatia, Tracking multiple humans in crowded environments, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Washington DC, USA, June 2004.
– reference: J. Starck, A. Hilton, Spherical matching for temporal correspondence of non-rigid surfaces, in: ICCV, Beijing, China, Oct 15–21, 2005.
– reference: P.J. Green, Highly Structured Stochastic Systems, Chapter Trans-dimensional Markov Chain Monte Carlo, Oxford University Press, 2003.
– volume: 32
  year: 2001
  ident: bib268
  article-title: Posture estimation based on motion and structure models
  publication-title: Systems and Computers in Japan
– reference: N. Cuntoor, R. Chellappa, Key frame-based activity representation using anti-eigenvalues, in: Asian Conference on Computer Vision, vol. 3852 of LNCS, Hyderabad, India, Jan 13–16, 2006.
– volume: 103
  start-page: 33
  year: 2006
  end-page: 51
  ident: bib347
  article-title: Integrating mutiple levels of zoom to enable activity analysis
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
– volume: 89
  start-page: 44
  year: 2003
  end-page: 69
  ident: bib290
  article-title: Robust tracking of human body parts for collaborative human computer interaction
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
– reference: H. Jiang, M. Drew, Z. Li, Successive convex matching for action detection, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, New York City, New York, USA, June 17–22, 2006, pp. 1646–1653.
– volume: 4
  start-page: 283
  year: 2002
  end-page: 300
  ident: bib275
  article-title: A hierarchical human detection system in (Un) compressed domains
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
– volume: 63
  start-page: 225
  year: 2005
  end-page: 245
  ident: bib60
  article-title: Shape-from-silhouette across time part II: applications to human modeling and markerless motion tracking
  publication-title: International Journal of Computer Vision
– reference: R. Hoshino, S. Yonenmoto, D. Arita, R.I. Taniguchi, Real-time analysis of human motion using multi-view silhouette contours, in: The 12th Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis, Bergen, Norway, 2001.
– reference: L. Zhao, L.S. Davis, Closely coupled object detection and segmentation, in: International Conference on Computer Vision, Beijing, China, Oct 15–21, 2005.
– reference: A. Agarwal, B. Triggs, Tracking articulated motion with piecewise learned dynamic models, in: European Conference on Computer Vision, Prague, Czech Republic, May 11–14, 2004.
– reference: A.O. Balan, L. Sigal, M.J. Black, A quantitative evaluation of video-based 3D person tracking, in: Workshop on Visual Surveillance and Performance Evaluation of Tracking and Surveillance, Beijing, China, Oct 15–21, 2005.
– volume: 97
  start-page: 137
  year: 2005
  end-page: 179
  ident: bib369
  article-title: Real-time cooperative multi-target tracking by communicating active vision agents
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
– volume: 26
  start-page: 1221
  year: 2004
  end-page: 1231
  ident: bib409
  article-title: A new motion histogram to index motion content in video segments
  publication-title: Pattern Recognition Letters
– reference: M. Brand, Shadow puppetry, in: International Conference on Computer Vision, Corfu, Greece, Sep 1999.
– reference: H. Sidenbladh, M.J. Black, D.J. Fleet, Stochastic tracking of 3D human figures using 2D image motion, in: European Conference on Computer Vision, Dublin, Ireland, June 2000.
– reference: J. Zhong, S. Sclaroff, Segmentating foreground objects from a dynamic textured background via robust kalman filter, in: International Conference on Computer Vision, Nice, France, Oct 13–16, 2003.
– reference: A. Monnet, A. Mittal, N. Paragios, V. Ramesh, Background modeling and subtraction of dynamic scenes, in: International Conference on Computer Vision, Nice, France, Oct 13–16, 2003.
– volume: 24
  start-page: 1091
  year: 2002
  end-page: 1104
  ident: bib31
  article-title: Human activity recognition using multidimensional indexing
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
– reference: M.M. Rahman, A. Robles-Kelly, A tuned eigenspace technique for articulated motion recognition, in: European Conference on Computer Vision, Graz, Austria, May 7–13, 2006.
– reference: D. Ramanan, D.A. Forsyth, A. Zisserman, Strike a pose: tracking people by finding stylized poses, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, San Diego, California, USA, June 20–25, 2005.
– volume: 13
  start-page: 174
  year: 2002
  end-page: 184
  ident: bib40
  article-title: Motion segmentation and pose recognition with motion history gradients
  publication-title: Machine Vision and Applications
– reference: L. Gorelick, M. Galun, E. Sharon, A. Brandt, R. Basri, Shape representation and recognition using the poisson equation, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Washington DC, USA, June 2003.
– volume: 13
  start-page: 129
  year: 1995
  end-page: 155
  ident: bib54
  article-title: Motion-based recognition: a survey
  publication-title: Image and Vision Computing
– reference: V. Krüger, J. Anderson, T. Prehn, Probabilistic model-based background subtraction, in: Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis, Joensuu, Finland, Jun 19–22, 2005.
– reference: T. Horprasert, D. Harwood, L.S. Davis, A statistical approach for real-time robust background subtraction and shadow detection, in: IEEE ICCV’99 Frame-Rate Workshop, Corfu, Greece, Sep 1999.
– reference: R. Rosales, M. Siddiqui, J. Alon, S. Sclaroff, Estimating 3D Body pose using uncalibrated cameras, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Kauai Marriott, Hawaii, Dec 9–14, 2001.
– reference: T. Zhao, R. Nevatia, F. Lv, Segmentation and tracking of multiple humans in complex situations, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Kauai Marriott, Hawaii, Dec 9–14, 2001.
– volume: 47
  start-page: 69
  year: 2004
  end-page: 77
  ident: bib34
  article-title: Discovering optimal imitation strategies
  publication-title: Robotics and Autonomous Systems
– reference: A. Yilmaz, M. Shah, Recognizing human actions in videos acquired by uncalibrated moving cameras, in: Internatinal Conference on Computer Vision, Beijing, China, Oct 15–21, 2005.
– reference: G. Mori, X. Ren, A. Efros, J. Malik, Recovering human body configurations: combining segmentation and recognition, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Washington DC, USA, June 2004.
– reference: Y. Huang, T.S. Huang, Model-based human body tracking, in: International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Quebec, Canada, Aug 11–15, 2002.
– year: 1999
  ident: bib192
  article-title: Shape and Shape Theory
– reference: C. Sminchisescu, B. Triggs, Covarinace scaled sampling for monocular 3D body tracking, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Kauai Marriott, Hawaii, Dec 9–14, 2001.
– reference: D. Metaxas, From visual input to modeling humans, in: Conference on Computer Animation, Geneva, Switzerland, June 19–21, 2002.
– volume: 27
  start-page: 1896
  year: 2005
  end-page: 1909
  ident: bib378
  article-title: Matching shape sequences in video with applications in human movement analysis
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
– reference: N. Dalal, B. Triggs, C. Schmid, Human detection using oriented histograms of flow and appearance, in: European Conference on Computer Vision, Graz, Austria, May 7–13, 2006.
– reference: L. Herda, R. Urtasun, P. Fua, A. Hanson, An automatic method for determining quaternion field boundaries for ball-and-socket joint limits, in: International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, Washington DC, USA, May 20–21, 2002.
– volume: 38
  start-page: 919
  year: 2005
  end-page: 929
  ident: bib203
  article-title: A model-based image-matching technique for three-dimensional reconstruction of human motion from uncalibrated video sequences
  publication-title: Journal of Biomechanics
– volume: 6
  start-page: 59
  year: 1988
  end-page: 74
  ident: bib264
  article-title: From image sequences towards conceptual descriptions
  publication-title: Image and Vision Computing
– reference: C. Theobalt, M. Magnor, P. Schuler, H.-P. Seidel, Combining 2D feature tracking and volume reconstruction for online video-based human motion capture, in: Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, Oct 8–11, 2002.
– reference: M. Ahmad, S. Lee, Human action recognition using multi-view image sequence features, in: International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, Southampton, UK, April 10–12, 2006.
– reference: G. Shakhnarovich, P. Viola, T. Darrell, Fast pose estimation with parameter-sensitive hashing, in: International Conference on Computer Vision, Nice, France, Oct 13–16, 2003.
– reference: B. Allen, B. Curless, Z. Popovic, Articulated body deformation from range scan data, in: ACM SIGGRAPH, 2002, pp. 612—619.
– reference: L. Molina, A. Hilton, Sythesis of novel movements from a database of motion capture data, in: International Conference on Human Motion Analysis, Dec 2000.
– reference: H.L. Eng, K.A. Toh, A.H. Kam, J. Wang, W.Y. Yau, An automatic drowning detection surveillance system for challenging outdoor pool environments, in: International Conference on Computer Vision, Nice, France, Oct 13–16, 2003.
– reference: A.E.C. Pece, Tracking og non-Gaussian clusters in the PETS2001 image sequences, in: Workshop on Performance Evaluation of Tracking and Surveillance, Kauai, Hawaii, Dec 9, 2001.
– volume: 25
  start-page: 814
  year: 2003
  end-page: 827
  ident: bib350
  article-title: Unsupervised learning of human motion
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
– reference: S. Iwase, H. Saito, Parallel tracking of all soccer players by integrating detected positions in multiple view images, in: International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Cambridge, UK, Aug 2004.
– volume: 3
  start-page: 233
  year: 1999
  end-page: 242
  ident: bib322
  article-title: Is imitation learning the route to humanoid robots?
  publication-title: Trends in Cognitive Sciences
– reference: K. Grochow, S.L. Martin, A. Hertzmann, Z. Popovic, Style-based inverse kinematics, in: ACM Transactions on Graphics (SIGGRAPH), 2004.
– reference: J. Wang, B. Bodenheimer, An evaluation of a cost metric for selecting transitions between motion segments, in: SIGGRAPH Symposium on Computer Animation, 2003.
– volume: 290
  start-page: 2319
  year: 2000
  end-page: 2323
  ident: bib362
  article-title: A global geometric framework for nonlinear dimensionality reduction
  publication-title: Science
– reference: M.B. Capellades, D. Doermann, D. DeMenthon, R. Chellappa, An appearance based approach for human and object tracking, in: International Conference on Image Processing, Barcelona, Spain, Sep 14–17, 2003.
– volume: 25
  start-page: 918
  year: 2003
  end-page: 923
  ident: bib293
  article-title: Detecting moving shadows: algorithms and evaluation
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
– reference: R. Cucchiara, R. Vezzani, Assessing temporal coherence for posture classification with large occlusions, in: Workshop on Motion and Video Computing (MOTION’05), Breckenridge, Colorado, Jan 2005.
– volume: 2
  start-page: 661
  year: 2001
  end-page: 670
  ident: bib308
  article-title: Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the understanding and imitation of action
  publication-title: Nature Reviews
– reference: K. Hayashi, M. Hashimoto, K. Sumi, K. Sasakawa, Multiple-person tracker with a fixed slanting stereo camera, in: International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, Seoul, Korea, May 17–19, 2004.
– reference: M.W. Lee, R. Nevatia, Dynamic human pose estimation using Markov chain Monte Carlo approach, in: Workshop on Motion and Video Computing (MOTION’05), Breckenridge, Colorado, Jan 2005.
– reference: I. Haritaoglu, D. Harwood, L.S. Davis, Ghost: a human body part labeling system using silhouettes, in: International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Queensland, Australia, Aug 17–20, 1998.
– reference: N. Krahnstoever, R. Sharma, Articulated models from video, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Washington DC, USA, June 2004.
– reference: M. Hariadi, A. Harada, T. Aoki, T. Higuchi, An LVQ-based technique for human motion segmentation, in: Asia-Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems, Bali, Indonesia, Oct 28–31, 2002.
– reference: C. Pan, S. Ma, Parametric tracking of human contour by exploiting intelligent edge, in: International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, Seoul, Korea, May 17–19, 2004.
– volume: 28
  start-page: 657
  year: 2006
  end-page: 662
  ident: bib141
  article-title: A texture-based method for modeling the background and detecting moving objects
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
– reference: A. Veeraranghavan, R. Chellappa, A. Roy-Chowdhury, The function space of an activity, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, New York City, New York, USA, June 17–22, 2006.
– reference: S. Toyosawa, T. Kawai, Crowdedness estimation in public pedestrian space for pedestrian guidance, in: Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Vienna, Austria, Sep 13–16, 2005.
– reference: A. Utsumi, N. Tetsutani, Human detection using geometrical pixel value structures, in: International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, Washington DC, USA, May 20–21, 2002.
– volume: 24
  start-page: 166
  year: 2006
  end-page: 175
  ident: bib223
  article-title: Multi-agent activity recognition using observation decomposed hidden Markov models
  publication-title: Image and Vision Computing
– reference: R. Urtasun, P. Fua, 3D human body tracking using deterministic temporal motion models, in: European Conference on Computer Vision, Prague, Czech Republic, May 11–14, 2004.
– reference: F. Huang, H. Di, G. Xu, Viewpoint insensitive posture representation for action recognition, in: International Conference on Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects, Springer LNCS 4069, Andratx, Mallorca, Spain, July 11–14, 2006.
– reference: J.M. Buades, F.J. Perales, Upper body tracking for interactive applications, in: Conference on Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects (AMDO), Andratx, Mallorca, Spain, July 11–14, 2006.
– reference: P. Fihl, M.B. Holte, T.B. Moeslund, L. Reng, Action recognition using motion primitives and probabilistic edit distance, in: Conference on Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects (AMDO), Andratx, Mallorca, Spain, July 11–14, 2006.
– reference: H. Moon, R. Chellappa, A. Rosenfeld, Tracking of human activities using shape-encoded particle propagation, in: International Conference on Image Processing, Thessaloniki, Greece, Oct 7–10, 2001.
– reference: C. Beleznai, B. Fruhstuck, H. Bischof, Tracking multiple humans using fast mean shift mode seeking, in: Workshop on Performance Evaluation of Tracking and Surveillance, Breckenridge, Colorado, Jan 2005.
– reference: P. Guha, A. Mukerjee, K.S. Venkatesh, Efficient occlusion handling for multiple agent tracking by reasoning with surveillance event primitives, in: Workshop on Visual Surveillance and Performance Evaluation of Tracking and Surveillance, Beijing, China, Oct 15–16, 2005.
– reference: B. Wu, R. Navatia, Tracking of multiple, partially occluded humans based on static body part detection, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, New York City, New York, USA, June 17–22, 2006.
– volume: 23
  start-page: 1264
  year: 2005
  end-page: 1276
  ident: bib273
  article-title: Representing cyclic human motion using functional analysis
  publication-title: Image and Vision Computing
– volume: 70
  start-page: 142
  year: 1998
  end-page: 156
  ident: bib11
  article-title: Nonrigid motion analysis: articulated and elastic motion
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
– volume: 20
  year: 2001
  ident: bib143
  article-title: Using skeleton-based tracking to increase the reliability of optical motion capture
  publication-title: Human Movement Science
– reference: F. Porikli, Trajectory distance metric using hidden Markov model based representation, in: 6th IEEE International Workshop on Performance Evaluation of Tracking and Surveillance, Prague, May 11–14, 2004.
– reference: P. Figueroa, N. Leite, R.M.L. Barros, Tracking soccer players using the graph representation, in: International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Cambridge, UK, Aug 2004.
– reference: K. Schindler, H. Wang, Smooth foreground-background segmentation for video processing, in: Asian Conference on Computer Vision, LNCS 3852, Hyderabad, India, Jan 13–16, 2006.
– volume: 9
  start-page: 137
  year: 1992
  end-page: 154
  ident: bib365
  article-title: Shape and motion from image streams under orthography: a factorization method
  publication-title: International Journal of Computer Vision
– volume: 20
  start-page: 841
  year: 2002
  end-page: 859
  ident: bib219
  article-title: A relaxation algorithm for real-time multiple view 3D-tracking
  publication-title: Image and Vision Computing
– reference: B. Leibe, E. Seemann, B. Schiele, Pedestrian detection in crowded scenes, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, San Diego, CA, June 20–25, 2005.
– reference: A.R. Chowdhury, R. Chellappa, A factorization approach for activity recognition, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Washington DC, USA, June 2004.
– volume: 23
  start-page: 349
  year: 2001
  end-page: 361
  ident: bib254
  article-title: Example-based object detection in images by components
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
– reference: D. Roth, P. Doubek, L.V. Gool, Bayesian pixel classification for human tracking, in: IEEE Workshop on Motion and Video Computing (MOTION’05), Breckenridge, Colorado, Jan 2005.
– volume: 34
  start-page: 334
  year: 2004
  end-page: 352
  ident: bib157
  article-title: A survey on visual surveillance of object motion and behaviors
  publication-title: Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics—Part C: Applications and Reviews
– reference: S. Ioffe, D. Forsyth, Human tracking with mixtures of trees, in: International Conference on Computer Vision, Vancouver, Canada, July 9–12, 2001.
– reference: H. Sidenbladh, Detecting human motion with support vector machines, in: International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Cambridge, UK, Aug 2004.
– reference: P. Viola, M. Jones, Rapid object detection using a boosted cascade of simple features, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Kauai Marriott, Hawaii, Dec 9–14, 2001.
– reference: J.W. Davis, A. Bobick, The representation and recognition of action using temporal templates, in: Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, San Juan, Puerto Rico, June 1997.
– reference: Y. Wu, G. Hua, T. Yu, Tracking articulated body by dynamic markov network, in: International Conference on Computer Vision, Nice, France, Oct 13–16, 2003.
– volume: 25
  start-page: 1337
  year: 2003
  end-page: 1342
  ident: bib69
  article-title: Detecting moving objects, ghosts, and shadows in video streams
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
– volume: 4
  start-page: 179
  year: 2003
  end-page: 192
  ident: bib117
  article-title: Neural mechanisms for the recognition of biological movements
  publication-title: Nature Reviews
– reference: R. Navaratnam, A. Thayananthan, P.H.S. Torr, R. Cipolla, Hierarchical part-based human body pose estimation, in: British Machine Vision Conference, Oxford, UK, Sep 2005.
– reference: F. Cheng, W.J. Christmas, J. Kittler, Recognising human running behaviour in sports video sequences, in: International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Quebec, Canada, Aug 11–15, 2002.
– reference: A.R. Chowdhury, R. Chellappa, A factorization approach for event recognition, in: CVPR Event Mining Workshop, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, June 16–22, 2003.
– reference: A. Elgammal, R. Duraiswami, L.S. Davis, Probabilistic tracking in joint feature-spatial spaces, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Madison, Wisconsin, June 16–22, 2003.
– volume: 50
  start-page: 203
  year: 2002
  end-page: 226
  ident: bib298
  article-title: View-invariant representation and recognition of actions
  publication-title: Journal of Computer Vision
– reference: O. Arikan, D.A. Forsyth, Synthesizing constrained motions from examples, in: ACM SIGGRAPH, 2002, pp. 483—490.
– reference: J. Zhang, R. Collins, Y. Liu, Bayesian body localization using mixture of nonlinear shape models, in: International Conference on Computer Vision, Beijing, China, Oct 15–21, 2005.
– volume: 35
  start-page: 2041
  year: 2002
  end-page: 2049
  ident: bib173
  article-title: 2D human body tracking with structural Kalman filter
  publication-title: Pattern Recognition
– reference: K. Mikolajczyk, D. Schmid, A. Zisserman, Human detection based on a probabilistic assembly of robust part detectors, in: European Conference on Computer Vision, Prague, Czech Republic, May 11–14, 2004.
– reference: J. Gonzàlez, J. Varona, F.X. Roca, J.J. Villanueva, aSpaces: action spaces for recognition and synthesis of human actions, in: International Workshop on Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects, Palma de Mallorca, Spain, Nov 21–23, 2002.
– reference: J.K. Aggarwal, Q. Cai, W. Liao, B. Sabata, Articulated and elastic non-rigid motion: a review, in: Workshop on Motion of Non-Rigid and Articulated Objects, Austin, Texas, Nov 1994.
– reference: N. Grammalidis, G. Goussis, G. Troufakos, M.G. Strintzis, 3D human body tracking from depth images using analysis by synthesis, in: International Conference on Image Processing, Thessaloniki, Greece, Oct 7–10, 2001.
– reference: L. Sigal, M.J. Black, Predicting 3D people from 2D pictures, in: International Conference on Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects, Springer LNCS 4069, Andratx, Mallorca, Spain, July 11–14, 2006.
– reference: J.W. Davis, V. Sharma, Robust detection of people in thermal imagery, in: International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Cambridge, UK, Aug 23–26, 2004.
– reference: S.J. McKenna, S. Jabri, Z. Duric, H. Wechsler, Tracking Interacting People, in: International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, Grenoble, France, March 2000.
– reference: M.N. Thalmann, H. Seo, Data-driven approaches to digital human modeling, in: International Symposium on 3D Data Processing, Visualization, and Transmission, Thessalonica, Greece, Sep 2004.
– reference: A.M. Elgammal, L.S. Davis, Probabilistic framework for segmenting people under occlusion, in: International Conference on Computer Vision, Vancouver, Canada, July 9–12, 2001.
– reference: M. Gleicher, Evaluating video-based motion capture, in: Conference on Computer Animation, Geneva, Switzerland, June 19–21, 2002.
– reference: M.W. Lee, I. Cohen, S.K. Jung, Particle filter with analytical inference for human body tracking, in: Workshop on Motion and Video Computing, Orlando, Florida, Nov 7, 2002.
– reference: T. Zhao, R. Nevatia, Bayesian human segmentation in croweded situations, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Madison, Wisconsin, June 16–22, 2003.
– reference: N.R. Howe, Boundary fragment matching and articulated, in: Conference on Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects (AMDO), Andratx, Mallorca, Spain, July 11–14, 2006.
– reference: C. Yang, R. Duraiswami, L. Davis, Fast multiple object tracking via a hierarchical particle filter, in: International Conference on Computer Vision, Beijing, China, Oct 15–21, 2005.
– volume: 20
  start-page: 905
  year: 2002
  end-page: 916
  ident: bib305
  article-title: Towards the automatic analysis of complex human body motions
  publication-title: Image and Vision Computing
– reference: J. Starck, A. Hilton, Model-based multiple view reconstruction of people, in: International Conference on Computer Vision, Nice, France, Oct 13–16, 2003.
– reference: R. Urtasun, D.J. Fleet, A. Hertzmann, P. Fua, Priors for people tracking from small training sets, in: International Conference on Computer Vision, Beijing, China, Oct 15–21, 2005.
– reference: G. Loy, M. Eriksson, J. Sullivan, Monocular 3D reconstruction of human motion in long action sequences, in: European Conference on Computer Vision, Prague, Czech Republic, May 11–14, 2004.
– reference: I. Haritaoglu, D. Harwood, L.S. Davis, W4: Who? When? Where? What?—A real time system for detecting and tracking people, in: International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, Nara, Japan, 1998.
– reference: A.K. Halvorsen, Model-based Methods in Motion Capture, Ph.D. thesis, Uppsala University, Sweden, 2002.
– reference: J. Mitchelson, A. Hilton, Hierarchical tracking of multiple people, in: British Machine Vision Conference, Norwich, UK, Sep 2003.
– reference: M.P. Kumar, P.H.S. Torr, A. Zisserman, Learning Layered motion segmentations of video, in: International Conference on Computer Vision, Beijing, China, Oct 15–21, 2005.
– reference: L. Sigal, S. Bhatia, S. Roth, M.J. Black, M. Isard, Tracking loose-limbed people, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Washington DC, USA, June 2004.
– volume: 11
  start-page: 323
  year: 2005
  end-page: 353
  ident: bib47
  article-title: Towards real-time 3D monocular visual tracking of human limbs in unconstrained environments
  publication-title: Real-Time Imaging
– reference: J. Kang, I. Cohen, G. Medioni, C. Yuan, Detection and tracking of moving objects from a moving platform in presence of strong parallax, in: International Conference on Computer Vision, Beijing, China, Oct 15–21, 2005.
– reference: K. Okuma, A. Taleghani, N.D. Freitas, J.J. Little, David G. Lowe, A boosted particle filter: multitarget detection and tracking, in: European Conference on Computer Vision, Prague, Czech Republic, May 11–14, 2004.
– volume: 67
  start-page: 21
  year: 2006
  end-page: 51
  ident: bib400
  article-title: Beyond tracking: modelling action and understanding behavior
  publication-title: International Journal of Computer Vision
– volume: 81
  start-page: 328
  year: 2001
  end-page: 357
  ident: bib86
  article-title: 3D articulated models and multi-view tracking with physical forces
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
– reference: H. Wang, D. Suter, A novel robust statistical method for background initialization and visual surveillance, in: Asian Conference on Computer Vision, Hyderabad, India, Lecturer Notes in Computer Science 3851, Jan 13–16, 2006.
– reference: G.J. Brostow, I. Essa, D. Steedly, V. Kwatra, Novel skeletal representation for articulated creatures, in: European Conference on Computer Vision, Prague, Czech Republic, May 11–14, 2004.
– reference: P.F. Felzenszwalb, D.P. Huttenlocher, Efficient matching of pictorial structures, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, USA, June 13–15, 2000.
– reference: I. Rius, J. Varona, X. Roca, J. Gonzàlez, Posture constraints for bayesian human motion tracking, in: Conference on Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects (AMDO), Andratx, Mallorca, Spain, July 11–14, 2006.
– reference: R. Cucchiara, C. Grana, G. Tardini, R. Vezzani, Probabilistic people tracking for occlusion handling, in: International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Cambridge, UK, Aug 23–26, 2004.
– reference: S. Calinon, F. Guenter, A. Billard, Goal-directed imitation in a humanoid robot, in: International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Barcelona, Spain, April 18–22, 2005.
– volume: 21
  start-page: 165
  year: 1995
  end-page: 201
  ident: bib356
  article-title: An efficient probabilistic context-free parsing algorithm that computes prefix probabilities
  publication-title: Computational Linguistics
– volume: 22
  start-page: 371
  year: 2003
  end-page: 391
  ident: bib343
  article-title: Estimating articulated human motion with covariance scaled sampling
  publication-title: International Journal of Robotics Research
– reference: O.C. Jenkins, M. Mataric, Automated modularization of human motion into actions and behaviors, Technical Report CRES-02-002, Center for Robotics and Embedded Systems, University of S. California, 2002.
– reference: N. Atsushi, K. Hirokazu, H. Shinsaku, I. Siji, Tracking multiple people using distributed vision systems, in: International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Washington DC, USA, May 2002.
– volume: 24
  start-page: 759
  year: 2005
  end-page: 771
  ident: bib415
  article-title: 3D posture reconstruction and human animation from 2D feature points
  publication-title: Computer Graphics Forum
– reference: C. Stauffer, W.E.L. Grimson, Adaptive background mixture models for real-time tracking, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Santa Barbara, CA, June 1998.
– reference: A. Gritai, Y. Sheikh, M. Shah, On the use of anthropometry in the invariant analysis of human actions, in: International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Cambridge, UK, Aug 23–26, 2004.
– volume: 27
  start-page: 827
  year: 2005
  end-page: 832
  ident: bib208
  article-title: Effective Gaussian mixture learning for video background substraction
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
– reference: J. Carranza, C. Theobalt, M. Magnor, H.-.P. Seidel, Free-viewpoint video of human actors, in: ACM SIGGRAPH, 2003, pp. 565—577.
– reference: Y. Shi, A. Bobick, I. Essa, Learning temporal sequence model from partially labeled data, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, New York City, New York, USA, June 17–22, 2006.
– reference: J. Gonzàlez, Human Sequence Evaluation: the Key-frame Approach, Ph.D. thesis, Univertitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain, 2004.
– volume: vol. 3881
  start-page: 133
  year: 2006
  end-page: 144
  ident: bib303
  article-title: Finding motion primitives in human body gestures
  publication-title: GW 2005
– reference: S. Wachter, H.-H. Nagel, Tracking of persons in monocular image sequences, in: Workshop on Motion of Non-Rigid and Articulated Objects, Puerto Rico, USA, 1997.
– reference: P. Viola, M.J. Jones, D. Snow, Detecting pedestrians using patterns of motion and appearance, in: International Conference on Computer Vision, Nice, France, Oct 13–16, 2003.
– volume: 37
  start-page: 199
  year: 2000
  end-page: 207
  ident: bib171
  article-title: Fast lighting independent background subtraction
  publication-title: International Journal of Computer Vision
– reference: R. Plänkers, P. Fua, Model-based silhouette extraction for accurate people tracking, in: European Conference on Computer Vision, Copenhagen, Denmark, June 2002.
– reference: E.-J. Ong, A. Hilton, A.S. Micilotta, Viewpoint invariant exemplar-based 3D human tracking, in: First IEEE Workshop on Modeling People and Human Interaction (PHI’05), Beijing, China, Oct 15, 2005.
– volume: 7
  start-page: 562
  year: 1997
  end-page: 567
  ident: bib307
  article-title: Parietal cortex: from sight to action
  publication-title: Current Opinion in Neurobiology
– reference: A. Veeraraghavan, R. Chellappa, A.K. Roy-Chowdhury, The function space of an activity, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, New York City, New York, USA, June 17–22, 2006.
– reference: S. Khan, M. Shah, Tracking people in presence of occlusion, in: Asian Conference on Computer Vision, Taipei, Taiwan, Jan 8–11, 2000.
– reference: C.S. Lee, A. Elgammal, Carrying object detection using pose preserving dynamic shape models, in: Conference on Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects (AMDO), Andratx, Mallorca, Spain, July 11–14, 2006.
– reference: T.B. Moeslund, Pose Estimating the Human Arm using Kinematics and the Sequential Monte Carlo Framework, chapter 4 in part IX of Cutting Edge Robotics. Pro literatur Verlag, ISBN:3-86611-038-3, 2005.
– volume: 25
  start-page: 1505
  year: 2003
  end-page: 1518
  ident: bib390
  article-title: Silhouette analysis-based gait recognition for human identification
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
– reference: N. Vasvani, A. Roy Chowdhury, R. Chellappa, Activity recognition using the dynamics of the configuration of interacting objects, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, June 16–22, 2003.
– reference: C. Sminchisescu, Consistency and coupling in human model likelihoods, in: International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, Washington DC, USA, May 20–21, 2002.
– reference: J. MacCormick, M. Isard, Partitioned sampling, articulated objects, and interface-quality hand tracking, in: European Conference on Computer Vision, Dublin, Ireland, June 2000.
– volume: 26
  start-page: 258
  year: 2004
  end-page: 263
  ident: bib226
  article-title: Repetitive motion analysis: segmentation and event classification
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
– reference: D. Ramanan, C. Sminchisescu, Tranining deformable models for localization, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, New York City, New York, USA, June 17–22, 2006.
– reference: C.-W. Chu, O.C. Jenkins, M.J. Mataric, Markerless kinematic model and motion capture from volume sequences, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, June 16–22, 2003.
– reference: T.B. Moeslund, E. Granum, Sequential Monte Carlo tracking of body parameters in a sub-space, in: International Workshop on Analysis and Modeling of Faces and Gestures, Nice, France, Oct 2003.
– volume: 39
  start-page: 2085
  year: 2003
  end-page: 2098
  ident: bib376
  article-title: Decomposition of human motion into dynamics-based primitives with application to drawing tasks
  publication-title: Automatica
– volume: 81
  start-page: 414
  year: 2001
  end-page: 445
  ident: bib166
  article-title: Recognizing planned multiperson action
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
– volume: 80
  start-page: 349
  year: 2000
  end-page: 363
  ident: bib361
  article-title: Reconstruction of articulated objects from point correspondences in a single image
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
– reference: I. Huerta, D. Rowe, J. Gonzàlez, J.J. Villanueva, Efficient incorporation of motionless foreground objects for adaptive background segmentation, in: Conference on Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects (AMDO), Andratx, Mallorca, Spain, July 11–14, 2006.
– reference: P. Smith, N. da Vitoria Lombo, M. Shah, Temporal boost for event recognition, in: Internatinal Conference on Computer Vision, Beijing, China, Oct 15–21, 2005.
– reference: A. Prati, I. Mikić, R. Cucchiara, M.M. Trivedi, Analysis and detection of shadows in video streams: a comparative evaluation, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Conference, Hawaii, USA, Dec 2001.
– reference: C. Sminchisescu, A. Kanaujia, D. Metaxas, Learning joint top-down and bottom-up processes for 3D visual inference, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, New York City, New York, USA, June 17–22, 2006.
– reference: Y. Wang, H. Jiang, M. Drew, Z. Li, G. Mori, Unsupervised discovery of action classes, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, New York City, New York, USA, June 17–22, 2006.
– reference: N. Howe, Flow lookup and biological motion perception, in: International Conference on Image Processing, Genova, Italy, Sep 11–14, 2005.
– reference: P. Gerard, A. Gagalowicz, Human body tracking using a 3D generic model applied to golf swing analysis, in: Conference on Model-based Imaging, Rendering, image Analysis and Graphical special Effects, INRIA Rocquencourt, France, March 10–11, 2003.
– reference: C. Yam, M. Nixon, J. Carter, On the relationship of human walking and running: automatic person identification by gait, in: International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Quebec, Canada, Aug 11–15, 2002.
– reference: A. Kale, A. Rajagopalan, N. Cuntoor, V. Krueger, Human identification using gait, in: International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, Washington DC, USA, May 21–22, 2002.
– reference: T. Murakita, T. Ikeda, H. Ishiguro, Multisensor human tracker based on the Markov chain Monte Carlo method, in: International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Cambridge, UK, Aug 2004.
– reference: A. Micilotta, E. Ong, R. Bowden, Detection and tracking of humans by probabilistic body part assembly, in: British Machine Vision Conference, Oxford, UK, Sep 2005.
– reference: A.A. Efros, A.C. Berg, G. Mori, J. Malik, Recognizing action at a distance, in: International Conference on Computer Vision, Nice, France, Oct 13–16, 2003.
– volume: 25
  start-page: 1182
  year: 2003
  end-page: 1187
  ident: bib289
  article-title: Articulated soft objects for multiview shape and motion capture
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
– reference: K. Smith, D.G. Perez, J.M. Odobez, Using particles to track varying numbers of interacting people, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, San Diego, CA, June 20–25, 2005.
– volume: 25
  start-page: 564
  year: 2003
  end-page: 575
  ident: bib67
  article-title: Kernel-based object tracking
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
– reference: H. Wang, D. Suter, Background initialization with a new robust statistical approach, in: International Workshop on Visual Surveillance and Performance Evaluation of Tracking and Surveillance, Beijing, China, Oct 15–16, 2005.
– reference: B. Allen, B. Curless, Z. Popovic, The space of human body shapes: reconstruction and parameterization from range images, in: ACM SIGGRAPH, 2003, pp. 587—594.
– reference: C. Fanti, L. Zelnik-Manor, P. Perona, Hybrid models for human motion recognition, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, San Diego, California, USA, June 20–25, 2005.
– volume: 101
  start-page: 122
  year: 2006
  end-page: 135
  ident: bib107
  article-title: Tracking soccer players aiming their kinematical motion analysis
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
– reference: H. Ren, G. Xu, S. Kee, Subject-independent natural action recognition, in: International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, Seoul, Korea, May 17–19, 2004.
– reference: S. Belongie, J. Malik, J. Puzicha, Matching shapes, in: International Conference on Computer Vision, Vancouver, Canada, July 9–12, 2001.
– volume: 73
  start-page: 82
  year: 1999
  end-page: 98
  ident: bib114
  article-title: The visual analysis of human movement: a survey
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
– reference: M. Bray, P. Kohli, P.H.S. Torr, PoseCut: simultaneous segmentation and pose estimation of humans using dynamic graph-cuts, in: European Conference on Computer Vision, Graz, Austria, May 7–13, 2006.
– volume: 21
  start-page: 295
  year: 2002
  end-page: 311
  ident: bib286
  article-title: Observation and analysis of large-scale human motion
  publication-title: Human Movement Science
– reference: J. Davis, H. Gao, Recognizing human action efforts: an adaptive three-mode PCA framework, in: International Conference on Computer Vision, Nice, France, Oct 13–16, 2003.
– reference: A.J. Ijspeert, J. Nakanishi, S. Schaal, Movement imitation with nonlinear dynamical systems in humanoid robots, in: International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Washington DC, USA, May 2002.
– reference: O. Boiman, M. Irani, Detecting irregularities in images and in video, in: Internatinal Conference on Computer Vision, Beijing, China, Oct 15–21, 2005.
– volume: 14
  start-page: 218
  year: 2003
  end-page: 228
  ident: bib201
  article-title: Automatic acquisition and initialization of articulated models
  publication-title: Machine Vision and Applications
– volume: 9
  start-page: 1163
  year: 2004
  end-page: 1173
  ident: bib184
  article-title: Identification of humans using gait
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
– volume: 28
  start-page: 753
  year: 2006
  end-page: 765
  ident: bib399
  article-title: A field model for human detection and tracking
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
– reference: S. Park, J.K. Aggarwal, Segmentation and tracking of interacting human body parts under occlusion and shadowing, in: Workshop on Motion and Video Computing, Orlando, Florida, Nov 7, 2002.
– volume: 23
  start-page: 257
  year: 2001
  end-page: 267
  ident: bib38
  article-title: The recognition of human movement using temporal templates
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
– reference: P. Fihl, R. Corlin, S. Park, T.B. Moeslund, M.M. Trivedi, Tracking of individuals in very long video sequences, in: International Symposium on Visual Computing (ISVC), Stateline, Lake Tahoe, Nevada, USA, Nov 6–8, 2006.
– volume: 61
  start-page: 39
  year: 1995
  end-page: 59
  ident: bib68
  article-title: Active shape models—their training and application
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
– reference: H. Jiang, M.S. Drew, Z.-N. Li, Successive convex matching for action detection, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, New York City, New York, USA, June 17–22, 2006.
– volume: 6
  start-page: 461
  year: 1978
  end-page: 464
  ident: bib324
  article-title: Estimating the dimension of a model
  publication-title: Annals of Statistics
– reference: C. BenAbdelkader, R. Cutler, L. Davis, Motion-based recognition of people in EigenGait space, in: International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, Washington DC, USA, May 20–21, 2002.
– reference: T. Jeaggli, E.K. Meier, L.V. Gool, Monocular tracking with a mixture of view-dependent learned models, in: Conference on Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects (AMDO), Andratx, Mallorca, Spain, July 11–14, 2006.
– reference: M. Dimitrijevic, V. Lepetit, P. Fua, Human body pose recognition using spatio-temporal templates, in: Workshop on Modeling People and Human Interaction, Beijing, China, Oct 15–21, 2005.
– reference: C. Barron, I.A. Kakadiaris, Estimating anthropometry and pose from a single image, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, June 13–15, 2000.
– reference: D.A. Forsythe, M.M. Fleck, Body plans, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Puerto Rico, June 17–19, 1997.
– reference: R. Kehl, M. Bray, L. VanGool, Full body tracking from multiple views using stochastic sampling, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, San Diego, California, USA, June 20–25, 2005.
– volume: 51
  start-page: 189
  year: 2003
  end-page: 203
  ident: bib244
  article-title: M2Tracker: a multi-view approach to segmenting and tracking people in a cluttered scene
  publication-title: International Journal of Computer Vision
– reference: C. Sminchisescu, A. Kanaujia, Z. Li, D. Metaxas, Discriminative density propagation for 3D human motion estimation, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, San Diego, California, USA, June 20–25, 2005.
– reference: B. Wu, R. Nevatia, Detection of multiple, partially occluded humans in a single image by bayesian combination of edgelet part detection, in: International Conference on Computer Vision, Beijing, China, Oct 15–21, 2005.
– reference: A.S. Micilotta, E.-J. Ong, R. Bowden, Real-time upper body detection and 3D pose estimation in monoscopic images, in: European Conference on Computer Vision, Graz, Austria, May 7–13, 2006.
– reference: D. Gutchess, M. Trajkovic, E.C. Solal, D. Lyons, A. Jain, A background model initialization algorithm for video surveillance, in: International Conference on Computer Vision, Vancouver, Canada, July 9–12, 2001.
– volume: 73
  start-page: 428
  year: 1999
  end-page: 440
  ident: bib9
  article-title: Human motion analysis: a review
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
– volume: 22
  start-page: 747
  year: 2000
  end-page: 757
  ident: bib355
  article-title: Learning patterns of activity using real-time tracking
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
– volume: 81
  start-page: 231
  year: 2001
  end-page: 268
  ident: bib247
  article-title: A survey of computer vision-based human motion capture
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
– volume: 14
  start-page: 229
  year: 2003
  end-page: 236
  ident: bib28
  article-title: On the improvement of anthropometry and pose estimation from a single uncalibrated image
  publication-title: Machine Vision and Applications
– volume: 290
  start-page: 2323
  year: 2000
  end-page: 2327
  ident: bib317
  article-title: Nonlinear dimensionality reduction by locally linear embedding
  publication-title: Science
– reference: D. Ormoneit, H. Sidenbladh, M.J. Black, T. Hastie, Learning and tracking cyclic human motion, in: Workshop on Human Modeling, Analysis and Synthesis at CVPR, Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, June 13–15, 2000.
– reference: A. Sundaresan, R. Chellappa, Acquisition of articulated human body models using multiple cameras, in: International Conference on Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects, Andratx, Mallorca, Spain, Springer Lecturer Notes in Computer Science 4069, July 11–14, 2006.
– reference: L. Herda, R. Urtasun, P. Fua, Hierarchical implicit surface joint limits to constrain video-based motion capture, in: European Conference on Computer Vision, Prague, Czech Republic, May 11–14, 2004.
– reference: D. Weinberg, R. Ronfard, E. Boyer, Motion history volumes for free viewpoint action recognition, in: Workshop on Modeling People and Human Interaction (PHI’05), Beijing, China, Oct 15, 2005.
– reference: T.B. Moeslund, E. Granum, Motion capture of articulated chains by applying auxiliary information to the sequential Monte Carlo algortihm, in: International Conference on Visualization, Imaging, and Image Processing, Marbella, Spain, Sep 2004.
– reference: C.L. Huang, C.C. Lin, Model-based human body motion analysis for MPEG IV video encoding, in: International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing, Las Vegas, Nevada, April 2–4, 2001.
– reference: M. Leo, T. D’Orazio, I. Gnoni, P. Spagnolo, A. Distante, Complex human activity recognition for monitoring wide outdoor environments, in: International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Cambridge, UK, Aug 23–26, 2004.
– reference: A. Elgammal, C.S. Lee, Inferring 3D body pose from silhouettes using activity manifold learning, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Washington DC, USA, June 2004.
– volume: 22
  start-page: 831
  year: 2000
  end-page: 843
  ident: bib270
  article-title: A Bayesian computer vision system for modeling human interactions
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
– volume: 67
  start-page: 343
  year: 2006
  end-page: 363
  ident: bib216
  article-title: A general framework for combining visual trackers—-the black boxes approach
  publication-title: International Journal of Computer Vision
– reference: A. Yilmaz, M. Shah, Actions sketch: a novel action representation, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, San Diego, California, USA, June 20–25, 2005.
– reference: A. Elgammal, C. Lee, Separating style and content on a nonlinear manifold, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Washington DC, USA, June 2004.
– reference: G. Hua, M.-H. Yang, Y. Wu, Learning to estimate human pose with data driven belief propagation, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, San Diego, California, USA, June 20–25, 2005.
– reference: D. Demirdjian, Combining geometric- and view-based approaches for articulated pose estimation, in: European Conference on Computer Vision, Prague, Czech Republic, May 11–14, 2004.
– reference: A. Elgammal, D. Harwood, L. Davis, Non-parametric model for background subtraction, in: European Conference on Computer Vision, Dublin, Ireland, June 2000.
– volume: 20
  start-page: 829
  year: 2001
  end-page: 851
  ident: bib16
  article-title: Spatial reconstruction of human motion by means of a single camera and a biomechanical model
  publication-title: Journal of Human Movement Science
– reference: A.J. Davison, J. Deutscher, I.D. Reid, Markerless motion capture of complex full-body movement for character animation, in: Eurographics Workshop on Computer Animation and Simulation, Manchester, UK, Sep 2001.
– reference: T. Zhao, R. Nevatia, Stochastic human segmentation from a static camera, in: Workshop on Motion and Video Computing, Orlando, Florida, Nov 7, 2002.
– reference: N. Robertson, I. Reid, Behaviour understanding in video: a combined method, in: Internatinal Conference on Computer Vision, Beijing, China, Oct 15–21, 2005.
– reference: R.V. Babu, K.R. Ramakrishnan, Compressed domain human motion recognition using motion history information, in: International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Hong Kong, China, April 6–10, 2003.
– volume: 14
  start-page: 248
  year: 2003
  end-page: 259
  ident: bib351
  article-title: Animated statues
  publication-title: Journal of Machine Vision and Applications
– reference: T.X. Han, H. Ning, T.S. Huang, Efficient nonparametric belief propagation with application to articulated body tracking, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, New York City, New York, USA, June 17–22, 2006.
– reference: M. Trivedi, K. Huang, I. Mikić, Intelligent environments and active camera networks, in: Conference on System, Man and Cybernetics, Nashville, Tennessee, Oct 8–11, 2000.
– reference: Y. Song, L. Goncalves, P. Perona, Learning probabilistic structure for human motion detection, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Kauai Marriott, Hawaii, Dec 9–14, 2001.
– volume: 53
  start-page: 199
  year: 2003
  end-page: 223
  ident: bib238
  article-title: Human body model acquisition and tracking using voxel data
  publication-title: International Journal of Computer Vision
– reference: Q. Cai, A. Mitiche, J.K. Aggarwal, Tracking human motion in an indoor environment, in: International Conference on Image Processing, Washington DC, USA, Oct 23–26, 1995.
– volume: vol. 12
  year: 2000
  ident: bib154
  article-title: Bayesian reconstruction of 3D human motion from single-camera video
  publication-title: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems
– reference: L. Kovar, M. Gleicher, F. Pighin, Motion graphs, in: ACM SIGGRAPH, 2002, pp. 473–482.
– reference: N.R. Howe, Silhouette lookup for automatic pose tracking, in: Workshop on Articulated and Non-Rigid Motion, Washington DC, USA, June 2004.
– reference: A.E.C. Pece, From cluster tracking to people counting, in: Workshop on Performance Evaluation of Tracking and Surveillance, Copenhagen, Denmark, June 1, 2002.
– reference: N. Dalal, B. Triggs, Histograms of oriented gradients for human detection, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, San Diego, CA, June 20–25, 2005.
– reference: F. Kristensen, P. Nilsson, V. Öwall, Background segmentation beyond RGB, in: Asian Conference on Computer Vision, LNCS 3852, Hyderabad, India, Jan 13–16, 2006.
– volume: 69
  start-page: 159
  year: 2006
  end-page: 180
  ident: bib19
  article-title: Behavioral priors for detection and tracking of pedestrians in video sequences
  publication-title: International Journal of Computer Vision
– volume: 25
  start-page: 1296
  year: 2003
  end-page: 1311
  ident: bib178
  article-title: Robust online appearance models for visual tracking
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
– reference: H. Sidenbladh, M.J. Black, Learning image statistics for Bayesian tracking, in: International Conference on Computer Vision, Vancouver, Canada, July 9–12, 2001.
– volume: 8
  start-page: 19
  year: 2005
  end-page: 25
  ident: bib413
  article-title: A study of motion recognition from video sequences
  publication-title: Computing and Visualization in Science
– reference: J. Berclaz, F. Fleuret, P. Fua, Robust people tracking with global trajectory optimization, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, New York City, New York, USA, June 17–22, 2006.
– reference: M. Heikkila, M. Pietikainen, J. Heikkila, A texture-based method for detecting moving objects, in: British Machine Vision Conference, London, UK, Sep 7–9, 2004.
– reference: P. Fua, A. Gruen, N. D’Apuzzo, R. Plänkers, Markerless full body shape and motion capture from video sequences, in: Symposium on Close Range Imaging, International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Corfu, Greece, Sep 2002.
– volume: 24
  start-page: 2489
  year: 2003
  end-page: 2497
  ident: bib111
  article-title: Automatic gait recognition using area-based metrics
  publication-title: Pattern Recognition Letters
– reference: T.B. Moeslund, E. Granum, Pose estimation of a human arm using kinematic constraints, in: The 12th Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis, Bergen, Norway, 2001.
– reference: T.B. Moeslund, M. Vittrup, K.S. Pedersen, M.K. Laursen, M.K.D. Sørensen, H. Uhrenfeldt, E. Granum, Estimating the 3D shoulder position using monocular vision, in: International Conference on Imaging Science, Systems, and Technology, Las Vegas, Nevada, June 24–27, 2002.
– volume: 21
  start-page: 125
  year: 2003
  end-page: 136
  ident: bib48
  article-title: Learning and understanding dynamic scene activity: a review
  publication-title: Image and Vision Computing
– reference: S. Ioffe, D. Forsyth, Finding people by sampling, in: International Conference on Computer Vision, Korfu, Greece, 1999.
– reference: O.C. Jenkins, M.J. Mataric, Deriving action and behavior primitives from human motion data, in: International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, Lausanne, Switzerland, Sep 30–Oct 4, 2002, pp. 2551–2556.
– reference: V. Parameswaran, R. Chellappa, View invariants for human action recognition, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Madison, Wisconsin, June 16–22, 2003.
– reference: K. Grauman, G. Shakhnarovich, T. Darrell, Inferring 3D structure with a statistical image-based shape model, in: International Conference on Computer Vision, Nice, France, Oct 13–16, 2003.
– reference: K. Sato, J.K. Aggarwal, Tracking and recognizing two-person interactions in outdoor image sequences, in: Workshop on Multi-Object Tracking, Vancouver, Canada, July 8, 2001.
– reference: Z. Zivkovic, Improved adaptive Gausian mixture model for background subtraction, in: International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Cambridge, UK, Aug 2004.
– reference: C. Curio, M.A. Giese, Combining view-based and model-based tracking of articulated human movements, in: MOTION, Breckenridge, Colorado, USA, Jan 5–7, 2005.
– reference: R. Ronfard, C. Schmid, B. Triggs, Learning to parse pictures of people, in: European Conference on Computer Vision, Copenhagen, Denmark, June 27–31, 2002.
– volume: 24
  year: 2003
  ident: bib391
  article-title: Human motion estimation from monocular image sequence based on cross-entropy regularization
  publication-title: Pattern Recognition Letters
– volume: 60
  start-page: 91
  year: 2004
  end-page: 110
  ident: bib224
  article-title: Distinctive Image features from scale-invariant keypoints
  publication-title: International Journal on Computer Vision
– reference: A. Elgammal, V. Shet, Y. Yacoob, L. Davis, Learning dynamics for exemplar-based gesture recognition, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, June 16–22, 2003.
– reference: Y. Ke, R. Sukthankar, M. Hebert, Efficient visual event detection using volumetric features, in: International Conference on Computer Vision, Beijing, China, Oct 15–21, 2005.
– volume: 18
  start-page: 1067
  year: 2000
  end-page: 1083
  ident: bib56
  article-title: The model-based human motion analysis system
  publication-title: Image and Vision Computing
– volume: 26
  start-page: 555
  year: 2004
  end-page: 563
  ident: bib397
  article-title: Motion Detection via change-point detection for cumulative histograms of ratio images
  publication-title: Pattern Recognition Letters
– reference: P. Nillius, J. Sullivan, S. Carlsson, Multi-target tracking—linking identities using baysian network inference, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, New York City, New York, USA, June 17–22, 2006.
– reference: G. Cheung, S. Baker, T. Kanade, Shape-from-silhouette for articulated objects and its use for human body kinematics estimation and motion capture, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, June 16–22, 2003.
– volume: 22
  start-page: 809
  year: 2000
  end-page: 830
  ident: bib138
  article-title: W4: real-time surveillance of people and their activities
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
– volume: 28
  start-page: 44
  year: 2006
  end-page: 58
  ident: bib8
  article-title: Recovering 3D human pose from monocular images
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
– reference: J. Mulligan, Upper body pose estimation from stereo and hand-face tracking, in: Canadian Conference on Computer and Robot Vision, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, May 9–11, 2005.
– reference: J. Shi, C. Tomasi, Good features to track, in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Seattle, Washington, June 1994.
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib160
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib183
– volume: 24
  start-page: 1751
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib198
  article-title: Color active shape models for tracking non-rigid objects
  publication-title: Pattern Recognition Letters
  doi: 10.1016/S0167-8655(02)00330-6
– volume: 67
  start-page: 21
  issue: 1
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib400
  article-title: Beyond tracking: modelling action and understanding behavior
  publication-title: International Journal of Computer Vision
  doi: 10.1007/s11263-006-4329-6
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib61
  doi: 10.1117/12.526886
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib116
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-24673-2_20
– volume: 22
  start-page: 797
  issue: 8
  year: 2000
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib304
  article-title: Real-time tracking of moving persons by exploiting spatio-temporal image slices
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
  doi: 10.1109/34.868682
– volume: 2
  start-page: 661
  year: 2001
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib308
  article-title: Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the understanding and imitation of action
  publication-title: Nature Reviews
  doi: 10.1038/35090060
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib396
  doi: 10.1109/ICCV.2005.74
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib239
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib153
  doi: 10.1007/11789239_28
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib159
– volume: 50
  start-page: 203
  issue: 2
  year: 2002
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib298
  article-title: View-invariant representation and recognition of actions
  publication-title: Journal of Computer Vision
  doi: 10.1023/A:1020350100748
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib113
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib377
– volume: 81
  start-page: 269
  issue: 3
  year: 2001
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib27
  article-title: Estimating anthropometry and pose from a single uncalibrated image
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
  doi: 10.1006/cviu.2000.0888
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib49
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib72
– volume: 26
  start-page: 555
  issue: 5
  year: 2004
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib397
  article-title: Motion Detection via change-point detection for cumulative histograms of ratio images
  publication-title: Pattern Recognition Letters
  doi: 10.1016/j.patrec.2004.09.010
– volume: 28
  start-page: 663
  issue: 4
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib156
  article-title: Principal axis-based correspondence between multiple cameras for people tracking
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
  doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2006.80
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib41
  doi: 10.1109/ICCV.1999.790422
– volume: 1
  start-page: 148
  issue: 3
  year: 2000
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib417
  article-title: Stereo- and neural network-based pedestrian detection
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib189
  doi: 10.5244/C.14.36
– volume: 18
  start-page: 1067
  year: 2000
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib56
  article-title: The model-based human motion analysis system
  publication-title: Image and Vision Computing
  doi: 10.1016/S0262-8856(00)00046-9
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib236
  doi: 10.1007/11744078_11
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib313
  doi: 10.1007/11744085_27
– volume: 47
  start-page: 69
  year: 2004
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib34
  article-title: Discovering optimal imitation strategies
  publication-title: Robotics and Autonomous Systems
  doi: 10.1016/j.robot.2004.03.002
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib423
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib274
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib320
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib338
  doi: 10.1007/11789239_19
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib366
– volume: 7
  start-page: 562
  year: 1997
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib307
  article-title: Parietal cortex: from sight to action
  publication-title: Current Opinion in Neurobiology
  doi: 10.1016/S0959-4388(97)80037-2
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib137
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib412
– volume: 81
  start-page: 385
  issue: 3
  year: 2001
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib134
  article-title: Backpack: detection of people carrying objects using silhouettes
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
  doi: 10.1006/cviu.2000.0893
– volume: 22
  start-page: 371
  issue: 6
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib343
  article-title: Estimating articulated human motion with covariance scaled sampling
  publication-title: International Journal of Robotics Research
  doi: 10.1177/0278364903022006003
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib124
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib424
  doi: 10.1109/ICPR.2004.1333992
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib285
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib83
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib82
  doi: 10.1109/ICPR.2004.1333872
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib342
– volume: 15
  start-page: 1583
  issue: 6
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib102
  article-title: Robust human detection within a highly dynamic aquatic environment in real time
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
  doi: 10.1109/TIP.2006.871119
– volume: 29
  start-page: 5
  issue: 1
  year: 1998
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib169
  article-title: Condensation—Conditional density propagation for visual tracking
  publication-title: International Journal on Computer Vision
  doi: 10.1023/A:1008078328650
– volume: 14
  start-page: 248
  issue: 4
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib351
  article-title: Animated statues
  publication-title: Journal of Machine Vision and Applications
  doi: 10.1007/s00138-002-0080-3
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib26
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib187
  doi: 10.1109/ACVMOT.2005.92
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib262
– volume: 99
  start-page: 189
  issue: 2
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib145
  article-title: Hierarchical implicit surface joint limits for human body tracking
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
  doi: 10.1016/j.cviu.2005.01.005
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib228
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib256
  doi: 10.1109/ICCV.2003.1238641
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib314
  doi: 10.1007/3-540-47979-1_47
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib389
– volume: 27
  start-page: 1896
  issue: 12
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib378
  article-title: Matching shape sequences in video with applications in human movement analysis
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
  doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2005.246
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib194
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib79
  doi: 10.1109/ICCV.2003.1238662
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib4
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib251
– volume: 80
  start-page: 349
  issue: 3
  year: 2000
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib361
  article-title: Reconstruction of articulated objects from point correspondences in a single image
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
  doi: 10.1006/cviu.2000.0878
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib78
  doi: 10.1109/ICPR.2004.1334531
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib225
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-24673-2_36
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib112
– volume: 101
  start-page: 122
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib107
  article-title: Tracking soccer players aiming their kinematical motion analysis
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
  doi: 10.1016/j.cviu.2005.07.006
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib331
  doi: 10.1109/ICPR.2004.1334092
– volume: 26
  start-page: 1208
  issue: 9
  year: 2004
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib420
  article-title: Tracking multiple humans in complex situations
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
  doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2004.73
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib269
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-24670-1_3
– volume: vol. 3881
  start-page: 133
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib303
  article-title: Finding motion primitives in human body gestures
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib214
  doi: 10.1109/ACVMOT.2005.43
– volume: 20
  start-page: 829
  year: 2001
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib16
  article-title: Spatial reconstruction of human motion by means of a single camera and a biomechanical model
  publication-title: Journal of Human Movement Science
  doi: 10.1016/S0167-9457(01)00056-2
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib39
  doi: 10.1109/ICCV.2005.70
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib108
  doi: 10.1007/11919476_7
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib149
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib306
  doi: 10.1007/11789239_43
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib250
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib321
– volume: 22
  start-page: 809
  issue: 8
  year: 2000
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib138
  article-title: W4: real-time surveillance of people and their activities
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
  doi: 10.1109/34.868683
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib57
  doi: 10.1109/ACVMOT.2005.93
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib344
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib405
  doi: 10.1109/ICCV.2003.1238325
– volume: 39
  start-page: 2085
  issue: 12
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib376
  article-title: Decomposition of human motion into dynamics-based primitives with application to drawing tasks
  publication-title: Automatica
  doi: 10.1016/S0005-1098(03)00250-4
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib59
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib24
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib97
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib150
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib89
  doi: 10.1109/ICCV.2003.1238468
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib123
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib387
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib2
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib284
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib230
  doi: 10.1007/3-540-45053-X_1
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib164
  doi: 10.1007/11789239_44
– volume: 67
  start-page: 343
  issue: 3
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib216
  article-title: A general framework for combining visual trackers—-the black boxes approach
  publication-title: International Journal of Computer Vision
  doi: 10.1007/s11263-006-5568-2
– volume: 28
  start-page: 753
  issue: 5
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib399
  article-title: A field model for human detection and tracking
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
  doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2006.87
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib13
– volume: 25
  start-page: 1337
  issue: 10
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib69
  article-title: Detecting moving objects, ghosts, and shadows in video streams
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
  doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2003.1233909
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib311
  doi: 10.1109/ICCV.2005.47
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib215
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib25
– volume: 93
  start-page: 65
  year: 2004
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib299
  article-title: 3-D reconstruction of static human body shape from image sequence
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
  doi: 10.1016/j.cviu.2003.08.006
– volume: 74
  start-page: 174
  issue: 3
  year: 1999
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib384
  article-title: Tracking persons in monocular image sequences
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
  doi: 10.1006/cviu.1999.0758
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib58
– volume: 81
  start-page: 414
  issue: 3
  year: 2001
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib166
  article-title: Recognizing planned multiperson action
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
  doi: 10.1006/cviu.2000.0896
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib261
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib332
– volume: 34
  start-page: 1217
  year: 2001
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib17
  article-title: Spatial reconstruction of the human motion based on images of a single camera
  publication-title: Journal of Biomechanics
  doi: 10.1016/S0021-9290(01)00068-9
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib3
– volume: 43
  start-page: 59
  year: 1982
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib197
  article-title: Self-organized formation of topologically correct feature maps
  publication-title: Biological Cybernetics
  doi: 10.1007/BF00337288
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib87
  doi: 10.1109/CVPRW.2003.10101
– volume: 6
  start-page: 461
  year: 1978
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib324
  article-title: Estimating the dimension of a model
  publication-title: Annals of Statistics
  doi: 10.1214/aos/1176344136
– volume: 24
  start-page: 1715
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib357
  article-title: Tracking regions of human skin through illumination changes
  publication-title: Pattern Recognition Letters
  doi: 10.1016/S0167-8655(02)00327-6
– volume: 14
  start-page: 210
  issue: 4
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib325
  article-title: Understanding human behavior from motion imagery
  publication-title: Machine Vision and Applications
  doi: 10.1007/s00138-003-0124-3
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib354
– volume: 51
  start-page: 189
  issue: 3
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib244
  article-title: M2Tracker: a multi-view approach to segmenting and tracking people in a cluttered scene
  publication-title: International Journal of Computer Vision
  doi: 10.1023/A:1021849801764
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib309
  doi: 10.5244/C.16.31
– volume: vol. 12
  year: 2000
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib154
  article-title: Bayesian reconstruction of 3D human motion from single-camera video
– volume: 31
  start-page: 1
  issue: 14
  year: 2000
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib359
  article-title: Remarks on a real-time, noncontact, nonwear, 3D human body posture estimation method
  publication-title: Systems and Computers in Japan
  doi: 10.1002/1520-684X(200012)31:14<1::AID-SCJ1>3.0.CO;2-0
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib71
  doi: 10.1109/ACVMOT.2005.22
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib272
– volume: 54
  start-page: 183
  issue: 1/2/3
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib333
  article-title: Learning the statistics of people in images and video
  publication-title: International Journal of Computer Vision
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib100
– volume: 13
  start-page: 129
  issue: 2
  year: 1995
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib54
  article-title: Motion-based recognition: a survey
  publication-title: Image and Vision Computing
  doi: 10.1016/0262-8856(95)93154-K
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib140
  doi: 10.5244/C.18.21
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib312
  doi: 10.1007/11744085_27
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib14
  doi: 10.1145/566654.566626
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib179
  doi: 10.1109/CVPR.2006.297
– volume: 66
  start-page: 83
  issue: 1
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib279
  article-title: View invariance for human action recognition
  publication-title: International Journal of Computer Vision
  doi: 10.1007/s11263-005-3671-4
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib408
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib81
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib414
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib46
– volume: 69
  start-page: 159
  issue: 2
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib19
  article-title: Behavioral priors for detection and tracking of pedestrians in video sequences
  publication-title: International Journal of Computer Vision
  doi: 10.1007/s11263-005-4797-0
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib23
– volume: 13
  start-page: 174
  issue: 3
  year: 2002
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib40
  article-title: Motion segmentation and pose recognition with motion history gradients
  publication-title: Machine Vision and Applications
  doi: 10.1007/s001380100064
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib98
– volume: 14
  start-page: 218
  issue: 4
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib201
  article-title: Automatic acquisition and initialization of articulated models
  publication-title: Machine Vision and Applications
  doi: 10.1007/s00138-002-0081-2
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib213
  doi: 10.1007/11744078_29
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib277
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib168
– volume: 103
  start-page: 33
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib347
  article-title: Integrating mutiple levels of zoom to enable activity analysis
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
  doi: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.02.006
– volume: 26
  start-page: 258
  issue: 2
  year: 2004
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib226
  article-title: Repetitive motion analysis: segmentation and event classification
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
  doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2004.1262196
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib42
  doi: 10.1007/11744047_49
– volume: 23
  start-page: 349
  issue: 4
  year: 2001
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib254
  article-title: Example-based object detection in images by components
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
  doi: 10.1109/34.917571
– volume: 22
  start-page: 747
  issue: 8
  year: 2000
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib355
  article-title: Learning patterns of activity using real-time tracking
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
  doi: 10.1109/34.868677
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib202
  doi: 10.1007/11612704_60
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib300
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib126
  doi: 10.1093/oso/9780198510550.003.0017
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib235
  doi: 10.5244/C.19.44
– volume: 81
  start-page: 303
  issue: 3
  year: 2001
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib348
  article-title: Monocular perception of biological motion in Johansson display
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
  doi: 10.1006/cviu.2000.0890
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib6
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib345
– volume: 14
  start-page: 202
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib77
  article-title: Human motion analysis for biomechanics and biomedicine
  publication-title: Machine Vision and Applications
  doi: 10.1007/s00138-002-0108-8
– volume: 27
  start-page: 827
  issue: 5
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib208
  article-title: Effective Gaussian mixture learning for video background substraction
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
  doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2005.102
– volume: 11
  start-page: 172
  issue: 3
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib196
  article-title: Real-time foreground-background segmentation using codebook model
  publication-title: Real-Time Imaging
  doi: 10.1016/j.rti.2004.12.004
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib370
– volume: 25
  start-page: 1296
  issue: 10
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib178
  article-title: Robust online appearance models for visual tracking
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
  doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2003.1233903
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib242
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib7
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib233
  doi: 10.1109/3DPVT.2006.7
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib191
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib35
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib12
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib407
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib80
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib180
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib115
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib99
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib392
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib151
  doi: 10.1109/ICIP.2005.1530605
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib276
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib146
– volume: 89
  start-page: 44
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib290
  article-title: Robust tracking of human body parts for collaborative human computer interaction
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
  doi: 10.1016/S1077-3142(02)00031-0
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib76
  doi: 10.1007/11744047_33
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib104
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib334
  doi: 10.1007/3-540-45053-X_45
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib135
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib158
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib301
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib296
– volume: 21
  start-page: 165
  issue: 2
  year: 1995
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib356
  article-title: An efficient probabilistic context-free parsing algorithm that computes prefix probabilities
  publication-title: Computational Linguistics
– volume: 81
  start-page: 328
  issue: 3
  year: 2001
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib86
  article-title: 3D articulated models and multi-view tracking with physical forces
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
  doi: 10.1006/cviu.2000.0892
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib5
– volume: 25
  start-page: 918
  issue: 7
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib293
  article-title: Detecting moving shadows: algorithms and evaluation
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
  doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2003.1206520
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib70
  doi: 10.1109/ICPR.2004.1334025
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib193
– volume: 51
  start-page: 171
  issue: 3
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib220
  article-title: Uncalibrated motion capture exploiting articulated structure constraints
  publication-title: International Journal of Computer Vision
  doi: 10.1023/A:1021897717694
– volume: 92
  start-page: 196
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib227
  article-title: Object-based analysis and interpretation of human motion in sports video sequences by dynamic Bayesian networks
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
  doi: 10.1016/j.cviu.2003.08.001
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib10
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib33
– volume: 20
  issue: 3
  year: 2001
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib143
  article-title: Using skeleton-based tracking to increase the reliability of optical motion capture
  publication-title: Human Movement Science
  doi: 10.1016/S0167-9457(01)00050-1
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib103
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib328
  doi: 10.1109/ICCV.2005.90
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib367
– volume: 1
  start-page: 5
  issue: 1
  year: 1983
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib148
  article-title: Model-based vision: a program to see a walking person
  publication-title: Image and Vision Computing
  doi: 10.1016/0262-8856(83)90003-3
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib218
– volume: 6
  start-page: 59
  issue: 2
  year: 1988
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib264
  article-title: From image sequences towards conceptual descriptions
  publication-title: Image and Vision Computing
  doi: 10.1016/0262-8856(88)90001-7
– volume: 25
  start-page: 564
  issue: 5
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib67
  article-title: Kernel-based object tracking
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
  doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2003.1195991
– volume: 26
  start-page: 355
  issue: 3
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib319
  article-title: An approach of visual motion analysis
  publication-title: Pattern Recognition Letters
  doi: 10.1016/j.patrec.2004.10.024
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib195
  doi: 10.1007/11744085_11
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib144
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-24671-8_32
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib416
– volume: 28
  start-page: 657
  issue: 4
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib141
  article-title: A texture-based method for modeling the background and detecting moving objects
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
  doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2006.68
– volume: 73
  start-page: 428
  issue: 3
  year: 1999
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib9
  article-title: Human motion analysis: a review
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
  doi: 10.1006/cviu.1998.0744
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib253
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib326
  doi: 10.1109/ICCV.2003.1238424
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib181
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib406
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib94
  doi: 10.1109/ICCV.2003.1238420
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib147
– volume: 25
  start-page: 814
  issue: 7
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib350
  article-title: Unsupervised learning of human motion
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
  doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2003.1206511
– volume: 24
  start-page: 2489
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib111
  article-title: Automatic gait recognition using area-based metrics
  publication-title: Pattern Recognition Letters
  doi: 10.1016/S0167-8655(03)00094-1
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib263
  doi: 10.1109/ICPR.2004.1333922
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib380
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib136
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib127
  doi: 10.1109/ICPR.2004.1334410
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib297
– volume: 20
  start-page: 905
  year: 2002
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib305
  article-title: Towards the automatic analysis of complex human body motions
  publication-title: Image and Vision Computing
  doi: 10.1016/S0262-8856(02)00099-9
– volume: 11
  start-page: 323
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib47
  article-title: Towards real-time 3D monocular visual tracking of human limbs in unconstrained environments
  publication-title: Real-Time Imaging
  doi: 10.1016/j.rti.2005.06.004
– volume: 21
  start-page: 729
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib231
  article-title: A method for human action recognitoin
  publication-title: Image and Vision Computing
  doi: 10.1016/S0262-8856(03)00068-4
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib240
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-24670-1_6
– volume: 290
  start-page: 2323
  year: 2000
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib317
  article-title: Nonlinear dimensionality reduction by locally linear embedding
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.290.5500.2323
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib379
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib241
– volume: 56
  start-page: 179
  issue: 3
  year: 2004
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib43
  article-title: Twist based acquisition and tracking of animal and human kinematics
  publication-title: International Journal of Computer Vision
  doi: 10.1023/B:VISI.0000011203.00237.9b
– volume: 28
  start-page: 1052
  issue: 7
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib260
  article-title: Recovery of 3D human body configurations using shape contexts
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
  doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2006.149
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib335
  doi: 10.1007/3-540-47969-4_52
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib368
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib292
– volume: 4
  start-page: 283
  issue: 2
  year: 2002
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib275
  article-title: A hierarchical human detection system in (Un) compressed domains
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
  doi: 10.1109/TMM.2002.1017740
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib210
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-24671-8_10
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib131
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib395
– volume: 60
  start-page: 91
  issue: 2
  year: 2004
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib224
  article-title: Distinctive Image features from scale-invariant keypoints
  publication-title: International Journal on Computer Vision
  doi: 10.1023/B:VISI.0000029664.99615.94
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib90
– volume: 27
  start-page: 1778
  issue: 11
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib327
  article-title: Bayesian modelling of dynamic scenes for object detection
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
  doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2005.213
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib15
  doi: 10.1145/882262.882311
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib323
  doi: 10.1007/11612704_58
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib346
  doi: 10.1109/ICCV.2005.234
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib66
– year: 1999
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib192
– volume: 9
  start-page: 137
  year: 1992
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib365
  article-title: Shape and motion from image streams under orthography: a factorization method
  publication-title: International Journal of Computer Vision
  doi: 10.1007/BF00129684
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib165
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib55
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib222
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib257
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib280
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib383
  doi: 10.1109/NAMW.1997.609843
– volume: 20
  start-page: 841
  issue: 12
  year: 2002
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib219
  article-title: A relaxation algorithm for real-time multiple view 3D-tracking
  publication-title: Image and Vision Computing
  doi: 10.1016/S0262-8856(02)00094-X
– volume: 12
  start-page: 159
  issue: 2
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib252
  article-title: Modelling the 3D pose of a human arm and the shoulder complex utilising only two parameters
  publication-title: International Journal on Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering
  doi: 10.3233/ICA-2005-12203
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib211
– volume: 97
  start-page: 137
  issue: 2
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib369
  article-title: Real-time cooperative multi-target tracking by communicating active vision agents
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
  doi: 10.1016/j.cviu.2004.07.004
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib265
  doi: 10.5244/C.19.47
– volume: 38
  start-page: 919
  issue: 4
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib203
  article-title: A model-based image-matching technique for three-dimensional reconstruction of human motion from uncalibrated video sequences
  publication-title: Journal of Biomechanics
  doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.04.033
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib73
  doi: 10.1109/ACVMOT.2005.36
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib119
  doi: 10.1117/12.205477
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib118
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib21
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib200
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib204
  doi: 10.1007/11499145_58
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib295
  doi: 10.1007/11744023_14
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib336
– volume: 8
  start-page: 19
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib413
  article-title: A study of motion recognition from video sequences
  publication-title: Computing and Visualization in Science
  doi: 10.1007/s00791-004-0143-2
– volume: 24
  issue: 1–3
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib391
  article-title: Human motion estimation from monocular image sequence based on cross-entropy regularization
  publication-title: Pattern Recognition Letters
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib302
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib245
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib229
  doi: 10.1007/11744085_28
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib132
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib188
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib418
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib91
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib129
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib404
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib32
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib234
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib267
– volume: 13
  start-page: 286
  issue: 5–6
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib22
  article-title: Tracking the human arm using constraint fusion and multiple-cue localization
  publication-title: Machine Vision and Applications
  doi: 10.1007/s00138-002-0110-1
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib207
  doi: 10.1007/11789239_48
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib221
– volume: 36
  start-page: 585
  issue: 3
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib388
  article-title: Recent development in human motion analysis
  publication-title: Pattern Recognition
  doi: 10.1016/S0031-3203(02)00100-0
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib315
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib18
– volume: 34
  start-page: 334
  issue: 3
  year: 2004
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib157
  article-title: A survey on visual surveillance of object motion and behaviors
  publication-title: Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics—Part C: Applications and Reviews
  doi: 10.1109/TSMCC.2004.829274
– volume: 3
  start-page: 233
  issue: 6
  year: 1999
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib322
  article-title: Is imitation learning the route to humanoid robots?
  publication-title: Trends in Cognitive Sciences
  doi: 10.1016/S1364-6613(99)01327-3
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib386
  doi: 10.1007/11612032_34
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib172
  doi: 10.1109/ICPR.2004.1333881
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib63
  doi: 10.1109/CVPRW.2003.10040
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib352
  doi: 10.1109/ICCV.2003.1238446
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib381
  doi: 10.1109/ICCV.2003.1238422
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib30
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib209
  doi: 10.1145/566654.566607
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib101
  doi: 10.1109/ICCV.2003.1238393
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib155
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib65
– volume: 14
  start-page: 229
  issue: 4
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib28
  article-title: On the improvement of anthropometry and pose estimation from a single uncalibrated image
  publication-title: Machine Vision and Applications
  doi: 10.1007/s00138-002-0088-8
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib278
– volume: 24
  start-page: 1091
  issue: 8
  year: 2002
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib31
  article-title: Human activity recognition using multidimensional indexing
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
  doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2002.1023805
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib349
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib232
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib133
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib182
  doi: 10.1109/ICPR.2004.1334359
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib294
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib174
  doi: 10.1007/11789239_51
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib393
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib205
  doi: 10.1109/ICCV.2005.138
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib288
  doi: 10.1007/3-540-47967-8_22
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib419
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib403
– volume: 23
  start-page: 1264
  issue: 14
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib273
  article-title: Representing cyclic human motion using functional analysis
  publication-title: Image and Vision Computing
  doi: 10.1016/j.imavis.2005.09.004
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib266
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib53
  doi: 10.1145/1201775.882309
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib190
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib337
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib371
– volume: 352
  start-page: 1257
  year: 1997
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib37
  article-title: Movement, activity, and action: the role of knowledge in the perception of motion
  publication-title: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
  doi: 10.1098/rstb.1997.0108
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib255
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib121
  doi: 10.1007/3-540-36138-3_16
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib206
  doi: 10.1007/11789239_33
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib29
  doi: 10.4304/jmm.1.1.1-8
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib360
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib52
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib75
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib139
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib248
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib122
– volume: vol. 2492
  year: 2002
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib237
  article-title: Human Body model acquisition and motion capture using voxel data
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib340
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib283
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib1
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib88
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-24672-5_15
– volume: 24
  start-page: 759
  issue: 4
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib415
  article-title: 3D posture reconstruction and human animation from 2D feature points
  publication-title: Computer Graphics Forum
  doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8659.2005.00900.x
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib363
– volume: 61
  start-page: 39
  issue: 1
  year: 1995
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib68
  article-title: Active shape models—their training and application
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
  doi: 10.1006/cviu.1995.1004
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib186
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib398
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib177
  doi: 10.1109/IRDS.2002.1041654
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib96
  doi: 10.1007/3-540-45053-X_48
– volume: 23
  start-page: 257
  issue: 3
  year: 2001
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib38
  article-title: The recognition of human movement using temporal templates
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
  doi: 10.1109/34.910878
– volume: 19
  start-page: 780
  issue: 7
  year: 1997
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib394
  article-title: Pfinder: real-time tracking of the human body
  publication-title: Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
  doi: 10.1109/34.598236
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib93
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib402
– volume: 28
  start-page: 44
  issue: 1
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib8
  article-title: Recovering 3D human pose from monocular images
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
  doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2006.21
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib167
  doi: 10.1109/ICCV.1999.790398
– volume: 21
  start-page: 295
  year: 2002
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib286
  article-title: Observation and analysis of large-scale human motion
  publication-title: Human Movement Science
  doi: 10.1016/S0167-9457(02)00096-9
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib246
  doi: 10.5772/4674
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib185
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib36
  doi: 10.1109/ICCV.2005.28
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib271
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib372
  doi: 10.1109/ICCV.2005.193
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib110
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib339
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib310
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-24673-2_24
– volume: 22
  start-page: 852
  issue: 8
  year: 2000
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib170
  article-title: Recognition of visual activities and interactions by stochastic parsing
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
  doi: 10.1109/34.868686
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib199
  doi: 10.1145/566654.566605
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib85
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6240-8_1
– volume: 290
  start-page: 2319
  year: 2000
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib362
  article-title: A global geometric framework for nonlinear dimensionality reduction
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.290.5500.2319
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib358
  doi: 10.1007/11789239_9
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib375
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib44
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-24672-5_6
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib64
  doi: 10.1109/CVPRW.2003.10040
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib74
– volume: 37
  start-page: 199
  issue: 2
  year: 2000
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib171
  article-title: Fast lighting independent background subtraction
  publication-title: International Journal of Computer Vision
  doi: 10.1023/A:1008107805263
– volume: 63
  start-page: 153
  issue: 2
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib382
  article-title: Detecting pedestrians using patterns of motion and appearance
  publication-title: International Journal of Computer Vision
  doi: 10.1007/s11263-005-6644-8
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib163
– volume: 63
  start-page: 225
  issue: 3
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib60
  article-title: Shape-from-silhouette across time part II: applications to human modeling and markerless motion tracking
  publication-title: International Journal of Computer Vision
  doi: 10.1007/s11263-005-6879-4
– volume: 61
  start-page: 185
  issue: 2
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib92
  article-title: Articulated body motion capture by stochastic search
  publication-title: International Journal of Computer Vision
  doi: 10.1023/B:VISI.0000043757.18370.9c
– volume: 14
  start-page: 237
  issue: 4
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib249
  article-title: Modelling and estimating the pose of a human arm
  publication-title: Machine Vision and Applications
  doi: 10.1007/s00138-002-0090-1
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib152
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib259
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib421
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib316
  doi: 10.1109/ACVMOT.2005.34
– volume: 81
  start-page: 231
  issue: 3
  year: 2001
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib247
  article-title: A survey of computer vision-based human motion capture
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
  doi: 10.1006/cviu.2000.0897
– volume: 24
  start-page: 166
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib223
  article-title: Multi-agent activity recognition using observation decomposed hidden Markov models
  publication-title: Image and Vision Computing
  doi: 10.1016/j.imavis.2005.09.024
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib364
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib410
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib330
– volume: 70
  start-page: 142
  issue: 2
  year: 1998
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib11
  article-title: Nonrigid motion analysis: articulated and elastic motion
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
  doi: 10.1006/cviu.1997.0620
– volume: 26
  start-page: 1221
  year: 2004
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib409
  article-title: A new motion histogram to index motion content in video segments
  publication-title: Pattern Recognition Letters
  doi: 10.1016/j.patrec.2004.11.011
– volume: 25
  start-page: 1505
  issue: 12
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib390
  article-title: Silhouette analysis-based gait recognition for human identification
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
  doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2003.1251144
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib318
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib20
  doi: 10.1145/566654.566606
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib125
  doi: 10.1109/ICCV.2003.1238408
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib62
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib401
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib258
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib45
  doi: 10.1007/10722604_13
– volume: 53
  start-page: 199
  issue: 3
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib238
  article-title: Human body model acquisition and tracking using voxel data
  publication-title: International Journal of Computer Vision
  doi: 10.1023/A:1023012723347
– volume: 25
  start-page: 1182
  issue: 9
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib289
  article-title: Articulated soft objects for multiview shape and motion capture
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
  doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2003.1227995
– volume: 4
  start-page: 179
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib117
  article-title: Neural mechanisms for the recognition of biological movements
  publication-title: Nature Reviews
  doi: 10.1038/nrn1057
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib212
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib291
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib128
  doi: 10.1145/1186562.1015755
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib51
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib130
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib217
  doi: 10.1109/ICPR.2004.1333921
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib353
  doi: 10.1109/ICCV.2005.229
– volume: 21
  start-page: 125
  issue: 1
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib48
  article-title: Learning and understanding dynamic scene activity: a review
  publication-title: Image and Vision Computing
  doi: 10.1016/S0262-8856(02)00127-0
– volume: 81
  start-page: 285
  issue: 3
  year: 2001
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib287
  article-title: Tracking and modeling people in video sequences
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
  doi: 10.1006/cviu.2000.0891
– volume: 73
  start-page: 82
  issue: 1
  year: 1999
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib114
  article-title: The visual analysis of human movement: a survey
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
  doi: 10.1006/cviu.1998.0716
– volume: 35
  start-page: 91
  issue: 3
  year: 1999
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib162
  article-title: Spatial color indexing and applications
  publication-title: International Journal of Computer Vision
  doi: 10.1023/A:1008108327226
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib341
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib175
– volume: 35
  start-page: 2041
  year: 2002
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib173
  article-title: 2D human body tracking with structural Kalman filter
  publication-title: Pattern Recognition
  doi: 10.1016/S0031-3203(01)00201-1
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib50
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib411
  doi: 10.1109/ICCV.2005.201
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib161
  doi: 10.1007/11789239_15
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib374
– volume: 22
  start-page: 831
  issue: 8
  year: 2000
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib270
  article-title: A Bayesian computer vision system for modeling human interactions
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
  doi: 10.1109/34.868684
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib373
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-24672-5_8
– volume: 24
  start-page: 363
  issue: 4
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib106
  article-title: Background recovering in outdoor image sequences: an example of soccer players segmentation
  publication-title: Image and Vision Computing
  doi: 10.1016/j.imavis.2005.12.012
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib281
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib176
– volume: 102
  start-page: 1
  issue: 1
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib282
  article-title: Simultaneous tracking of multiple body parts of interacting persons
  publication-title: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
  doi: 10.1016/j.cviu.2005.07.011
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib422
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib120
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib243
  doi: 10.1007/3-540-47969-4_2
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib329
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib95
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib109
  doi: 10.1007/11789239_39
– volume: 9
  start-page: 1163
  year: 2004
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib184
  article-title: Identification of humans using gait
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
  doi: 10.1109/TIP.2004.832865
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib105
  doi: 10.1109/ICPR.2004.1333890
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib142
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib84
– ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib385
– volume: 32
  issue: 4
  year: 2001
  ident: 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002_bib268
  article-title: Posture estimation based on motion and structure models
  publication-title: Systems and Computers in Japan
  doi: 10.1002/scj.1018
SSID ssj0011491
Score 2.4747539
SecondaryResourceType review_article
Snippet This survey reviews advances in human motion capture and analysis from 2000 to 2006, following a previous survey of papers up to 2000 [T.B. Moeslund, E....
SourceID proquest
crossref
elsevier
SourceType Aggregation Database
Enrichment Source
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 90
SubjectTerms Human motion
Initialization
Pose estimation
Recognition
Review
Tracking
Title A survey of advances in vision-based human motion capture and analysis
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cviu.2006.08.002
https://www.proquest.com/docview/19460231
Volume 104
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1JS8NAFH5ovejBXVzrHLxJbJI3STrHUixVsRcVeguzQkXS0kXw4m93JpkUFenBQy6PTAhv3jLztg_gSsRK09gkAVI0AZWGBQK5DELJM-1wBdC40MDjIO2_0PthMlyDbt0L48oqve2vbHpprT2l5bnZmoxGrSd7cckwonFY-uwU12EjRpZa0d7o3D30B8tkgr0ERFXpoQvJ0dj3zlRlXvJ9tPA5ifYyuvKHf_plqUv309uFbX9uJJ3q1_ZgTRf7sOPPkMRr6MySapiGmrYPW99mDh5Ar0Nmi-m7_iBjQ3wFwIyMClJ1mQfOrSlSQveRCuKHSD5xeQbCC2WfaojJIbz0bp-7_cCDKQQSMZoHKpPcKC6sYQwjIZiy2stMqJKYKVSU0bQtaYoqM4lBnRmjkJqQIRMYZ1xpPIJGMS70MRDr0bO2sLy212eaMCpSwVG7WWdtoZVQJxDVLMylnzTuAC_e8rqk7DV3bHcQmGnuUDDD-ASul2sm1ZyNlW8n9c7kP6Qlt45g5brLehtzq0YuN8ILPV7M8sgywI3CO_3nl89gswzOlF2K59CYTxf6wh5X5qIJ6zefUdML5ReAiuly
linkProvider Elsevier
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV05T8MwFH7iGICBo4C464ENmSaxc40IURUoLFCpm-VTKkJp1Uti4bdjJ04FCHVgyPJkR9Gz35F3fQCXIlKaRibGhBKDqTQ5FoRLHEieaocrQIwLDTw9J50efejH_RW4rXthXFml1_2VTi-1tae0PDdbo8Gg9WJ_XFIS0igobXZCVmGdWvF10nn9uajzsP5-CZvnVmO33HfOVEVecj6Y-YxEtoit_GGdfunp0vi0d2Hbe43opvqwPVjRRQN2vAeJvHxOLKkGaahpDdj6NnFwH9o3aDIbz_UHGhrk8_8TNChQ1WOOnVFTqATuQxXAD5J85LIMiBfKPtUIkwPote9ebzvYQylgSUg4xSqV3CgurFoMQiFyZWU3N4GKo1wRRXOaZJImRKUmNkSnxihCTZCTXJAo5UqTQ1grhoU-AmTteZqJyPoxWUbjnIpEcKLdpLNMaCXUMYQ1C5n0c8Yd3MU7qwvK3phjuwPATJjDwAyiY7ha7BlVUzaWro7rk2E_7gqzZmDpvmZ9jMwKkcuM8EIPZxMWWga4QXgn_3xzEzY6r09d1r1_fjyFzTJMU_YrnsHadDzT59ZxmYqL8mJ-AWWB6jY
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+survey+of+advances+in+vision-based+human+motion+capture+and+analysis&rft.jtitle=Computer+vision+and+image+understanding&rft.au=Moeslund%2C+Thomas+B&rft.au=Hilton%2C+Adrian&rft.au=Krueger%2C+Volker&rft.date=2006-11-01&rft.issn=1077-3142&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=90&rft.epage=126&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.cviu.2006.08.002&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1077-3142&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1077-3142&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1077-3142&client=summon