Perioperative multimodal analgesia: a review of efficacy and safety of the treatment options

Pain in the postoperative period is a common patient experience that can subsequently lead to other postoperative complications if not managed appropriately. While opioids are a common pharmacologic tool for managing pain, there are risks associated with liberal opioid use. Multimodal analgesic stra...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inANESTHESIOLOGY AND PERIOPERATIVE SCIENCE Vol. 2; no. 1; pp. 1 - 16
Main Authors Kianian, Sara, Bansal, Jahnvi, Lee, Christopher, Zhang, Kalissa, Bergese, Sergio D.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Singapore Springer Nature Singapore 25.01.2024
Springer
Subjects
Anesthesiology
Critical Care Medicine
Intensive
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Multimodal analgesia
Neurosciences
Pharmacology/Toxicology
Postoperative complications
Postoperative pain
Review Article
Surgery
Multimodal analgesia
Postoperative pain
Postoperative complications
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract Pain in the postoperative period is a common patient experience that can subsequently lead to other postoperative complications if not managed appropriately. While opioids are a common pharmacologic tool for managing pain, there are risks associated with liberal opioid use. Multimodal analgesic strategies, however, can adequately manage postoperative pain and minimize the risks associated with opioids. In this review, common pharmacological treatments for multimodal analgesia will be reviewed for efficacy, risks, and benefits, including gabapentinoids, opioids, alpha-2 agonists, ketamine, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids. While this may not be a comprehensive list of medication options, it represents some of the most commonly used pharmacologic techniques for managing pain in the perioperative period. In addition, newer regional anesthetic techniques will be discussed to review their efficacy, risks, and benefits as well. The goal of this review is to summarize the various options for a multimodal analgesic protocol that we encourage providers to utilize when managing postoperative pain to facilitate conservative opioid usage and improve patient outcomes overall. Graphical Abstract
AbstractList Pain in the postoperative period is a common patient experience that can subsequently lead to other postoperative complications if not managed appropriately. While opioids are a common pharmacologic tool for managing pain, there are risks associated with liberal opioid use. Multimodal analgesic strategies, however, can adequately manage postoperative pain and minimize the risks associated with opioids. In this review, common pharmacological treatments for multimodal analgesia will be reviewed for efficacy, risks, and benefits, including gabapentinoids, opioids, alpha-2 agonists, ketamine, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids. While this may not be a comprehensive list of medication options, it represents some of the most commonly used pharmacologic techniques for managing pain in the perioperative period. In addition, newer regional anesthetic techniques will be discussed to review their efficacy, risks, and benefits as well. The goal of this review is to summarize the various options for a multimodal analgesic protocol that we encourage providers to utilize when managing postoperative pain to facilitate conservative opioid usage and improve patient outcomes overall. Graphical Abstract
Abstract Pain in the postoperative period is a common patient experience that can subsequently lead to other postoperative complications if not managed appropriately. While opioids are a common pharmacologic tool for managing pain, there are risks associated with liberal opioid use. Multimodal analgesic strategies, however, can adequately manage postoperative pain and minimize the risks associated with opioids. In this review, common pharmacological treatments for multimodal analgesia will be reviewed for efficacy, risks, and benefits, including gabapentinoids, opioids, alpha-2 agonists, ketamine, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids. While this may not be a comprehensive list of medication options, it represents some of the most commonly used pharmacologic techniques for managing pain in the perioperative period. In addition, newer regional anesthetic techniques will be discussed to review their efficacy, risks, and benefits as well. The goal of this review is to summarize the various options for a multimodal analgesic protocol that we encourage providers to utilize when managing postoperative pain to facilitate conservative opioid usage and improve patient outcomes overall. Graphical Abstract
ArticleNumber 9
Author Lee, Christopher
Bansal, Jahnvi
Kianian, Sara
Zhang, Kalissa
Bergese, Sergio D.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Sara
  orcidid: 0000-0003-4060-133X
  surname: Kianian
  fullname: Kianian, Sara
  email: skianian@stanford.edu
  organization: Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Jahnvi
  surname: Bansal
  fullname: Bansal, Jahnvi
  organization: Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Department of Anesthesiology, Westchester Medical Center
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Christopher
  surname: Lee
  fullname: Lee, Christopher
  organization: Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University Health Science Center
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Kalissa
  surname: Zhang
  fullname: Zhang, Kalissa
  organization: Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University Health Science Center
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Sergio D.
  surname: Bergese
  fullname: Bergese, Sergio D.
  organization: Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University Health Science Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Stony Brook University Health Science Center
BookMark eNp9kM1qGzEURkVIIK6TF8hKLzCt_mYkdVdC0wYCyaLdBcSd0ZUrMx4ZSXbw23dsl1K6yErik853L-cDuZzShITccfaRM6Y_FaVEqxomZMMYU7LhF2QhtOSNkcZe_nO_JrelrOdPwgqphVqQ1xfMMW0xQ417pJvdWOMmeRgpTDCusET4TIFm3Ed8oylQDCEOMBzmd08LBKyHY1x_Ia0ZoW5wqjRta0xTuSFXAcaCt3_OJfn58PXH_ffm6fnb4_2Xp2aQktemV0EGwzrdY-dDUAG4QG4soDE4aNOzvu2Zsj5Yi2i91chw3kGgEh0KkEvyeO71CdZum-MG8sEliO4UpLxykGscRnTSq4H13vQaW6Vaa4JuO866zmuLZpa3JOLcNeRUSsbwt48zd9TtzrrdrNuddDs-Q-Y_aIgVjg5qhji-j8ozWuY50wqzW6ddnt2X96jfsQCXxw
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2024_1438859
crossref_primary_10_7759_cureus_74727
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bbrep_2025_101927
crossref_primary_10_7759_cureus_66521
crossref_primary_10_7759_cureus_68237
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_dcmed_2025_01_002
crossref_primary_10_1007_s44254_024_00085_z
crossref_primary_10_1111_liv_70041
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12893_024_02604_y
crossref_primary_10_18231_j_ijca_2025_017
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jisako_2025_100842
Cites_doi 10.1213/01.ANE.0000081722.09164.D5
10.1034/j.1399-6576.2001.045007795.x
10.1007/s40122-020-00189-x
10.1111/bcpt.12117
10.4103/aer.AER_34_20
10.1097/ACO.0b013e32833b49b3
10.23736/S0375-9393.18.13341-4
10.1093/bjaceaccp/mku027
10.1111/j.1399-6576.2006.01183.x
10.2147/JPR.S211944
10.1097/00000542-200009000-00038
10.1136/rapm-2020-101402
10.1097/MD.0000000000030748
10.1097/ALN.0000000000002238
10.2344/0003-3006-62.1.31
10.1097/00000542-200611000-00022
10.1213/01.ane.0000297417.05690.31
10.5055/jom.2007.0005
10.1097/AAP.0b013e3181e8d5da
10.1155/2011/561604
10.1016/j.bja.2019.07.027
10.1001/jama.1994.03510260066030
10.1213/01.ane.0000199156.59226.af
10.1213/ane.0b013e31817bd11f
10.1111/j.1365-2044.2009.06231.x
10.4097/kjae.2015.68.1.3
10.1007/BF03011838
10.1093/bja/aer422
10.1001/jamasurg.2017.0898
10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.06.035
10.1097/AAP.0000000000000649
10.1093/bja/aev351
10.1002/bjs.6375
10.1016/j.semarthrit.2016.07.008
10.1097/00000658-199804000-00008
10.1007/s10151-020-02206-9
10.1097/00002508-199603000-00009
10.1016/S1053-0770(05)80138-7
10.1007/BF03021777
10.1371/journal.pone.0154004
10.1007/s12630-010-9407-0
10.1055/s-0033-1351138
10.1016/j.jclinane.2017.11.020
10.1111/aas.12382
10.1053/j.jvca.2010.11.017
10.1097/00000542-199902000-00034
10.1016/S0304-3959(99)00268-7
10.1097/MD.0000000000020042
10.1177/2049463712438493
10.4103/0019-5049.79875
10.1016/j.ijsu.2021.106111
10.7150/ijms.6598
10.1097/00115550-200511000-00003
10.1097/AAP.0b013e3182580fd0
10.1371/journal.pone.0218088
10.1097/ALN.0000000000003611
10.1111/anae.15823
10.1371/journal.pone.0150214
10.1097/AJP.0b013e31816b2f26
10.1016/j.xjon.2022.08.008
10.1213/01.ANE.0000104582.71710.EE
10.1097/SLA.0b013e31818e4776
10.1097/ALN.0000000000001325
10.1007/s11695-021-05681-7
10.1093/bja/aes431
10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.12.032
10.1097/MD.0000000000027661
10.1007/s11695-022-06109-6
10.4097/kja.d.18.00217
10.1136/rapm-2020-102040
10.1007/s00423-020-01995-9
10.1111/j.0001-5172.2004.0329.x
10.1111/jcpt.13755
10.1093/bja/aer221
10.5812/aapm.112540
10.2147/JPR.S144066
10.2147/JPR.S195702
10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.3298
10.1097/ALN.0000000000002558
10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109715
10.1213/ANE.0000000000000284
10.1111/anae.15160
10.1213/ANE.0000000000004194
10.1097/MD.0000000000025272
10.1016/j.ijoa.2019.06.002
10.1016/j.otsr.2022.103290
10.17085/apm.2020.15.2.157
10.1213/ANE.0000000000001117
10.1007/BF03022618
10.1371/journal.pone.0151332
10.1016/j.rdc.2015.08.002
10.1097/ALN.0b013e318297d4a5
10.1213/ANE.0000000000000967
10.1097/ALN.0000000000003428
10.23736/S0375-9393.21.15986-3
10.1111/anae.15245
10.1016/j.pain.2006.02.006
10.1111/papr.12953
10.1097/ALN.0000000000003989
10.1155/2022/1507097
10.1111/j.1365-2044.2001.2279-40.x
10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.09.027
10.1097/MD.0000000000001498
10.1097/ALN.0b013e31817b5a9b
10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181be371b
10.1097/ALN.0000000000001527
10.1097/AAP.0000000000000746
10.1016/j.jclinane.2018.09.036
10.1213/00000539-198710000-00017
10.1097/00000542-200105000-00018
10.1371/journal.pone.0194553
10.1097/PRS.0000000000002027
10.1016/j.ejpain.2008.04.011
10.2106/JBJS.K.01418
10.1155/2019/4846956
10.1093/bja/81.2.208
10.1016/j.arth.2022.08.001
10.1111/j.1533-2500.2006.00073.x
10.1097/AAP.0b013e31820d4349
10.1111/anae.15164
10.1007/s11916-019-0809-6
10.1007/s12630-019-01486-6
10.1016/j.jopan.2022.04.008
10.4097/kjae.2011.61.3.238
10.1213/ANE.0000000000001719
10.1002/14651858.CD004602.pub2
10.1213/ANE.0000000000001787
10.1097/00000542-200512000-00025
10.1097/AAP.0b013e318263d396
10.1213/ANE.0000000000003315
10.1007/s12325-016-0368-8
10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181e90914
10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.11.024
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1945-17.2017
10.1371/journal.pone.0229070
10.1016/j.ijoa.2017.04.007
10.1016/j.ajem.2007.12.005
10.1213/ANE.0000000000004641
10.1097/00000542-198509000-00011
10.1097/00000542-200701000-00007
10.1002/phar.1518
10.1111/j.1365-2044.2008.05835.x
10.1371/journal.pone.0202620
10.1093/bja/aep236
10.1093/bja/aem168
10.1097/AAP.0000000000000806
10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2013.08.001
10.1213/ANE.0000000000001226
10.2217/pmt-2021-0116
10.1016/j.pain.2013.03.029
10.1097/AAP.0000000000000257
10.2147/LRA.S154512
10.1016/j.arth.2022.10.037
10.1053/eujp.2001.0270
10.1007/s00238-018-1410-7
10.1097/AAP.0b013e31825cb3d6
10.1097/MD.0000000000007836
10.1378/chest.08-0246
10.2344/0003-3006(2006)53[98:EOLAP]2.0.CO;2
10.1111/anae.12823
10.1136/rapm-2020-101407
10.2106/JBJS.RVW.20.00191
10.1097/ALN.0000000000002352
10.1097/00000542-200301000-00023
10.1093/bja/aei085
10.4212/cjhp.v68i3.1458
10.1016/j.jopan.2022.04.017
10.1016/j.arth.2018.12.014
10.1016/j.jclinane.2016.11.012
10.1213/00000539-199902000-00030
10.1111/j.1399-6576.2005.00814.x
10.1017/S0265021505000669
10.1053/j.gastro.2017.10.049
10.4097/kjae.2015.68.5.476
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright The Author(s) 2024
Copyright_xml – notice: The Author(s) 2024
DBID C6C
AAYXX
CITATION
DOA
DOI 10.1007/s44254-023-00043-1
DatabaseName Springer Nature OA/Free Journals
CrossRef
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
DatabaseTitleList CrossRef
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: C6C
  name: Springer Nature OA Free Journals
  url: http://www.springeropen.com/
  sourceTypes: Publisher
– sequence: 2
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Medicine
EISSN 2731-8389
EndPage 16
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_3d4c0bd8b7e544598f7561066d79e804
10_1007_s44254_023_00043_1
GroupedDBID 0R~
AAKKN
AAYZJ
ABEEZ
ACACY
ACULB
AFGXO
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
C24
C6C
EBS
GROUPED_DOAJ
M~E
RSV
SOJ
AAYXX
CITATION
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c331t-b4f3f8067be6dff4fa12e189ae88ec78b0b5b049df99ee9d97e0ecac2e426e2a3
IEDL.DBID C24
ISSN 2731-8389
IngestDate Wed Aug 27 01:30:16 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 04:24:35 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 23:06:11 EDT 2025
Fri Feb 21 02:41:28 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 1
Keywords Multimodal analgesia
Postoperative pain
Postoperative complications
Language English
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c331t-b4f3f8067be6dff4fa12e189ae88ec78b0b5b049df99ee9d97e0ecac2e426e2a3
ORCID 0000-0003-4060-133X
OpenAccessLink https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s44254-023-00043-1
PageCount 16
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_3d4c0bd8b7e544598f7561066d79e804
crossref_primary_10_1007_s44254_023_00043_1
crossref_citationtrail_10_1007_s44254_023_00043_1
springer_journals_10_1007_s44254_023_00043_1
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 20240125
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2024-01-25
PublicationDate_xml – month: 1
  year: 2024
  text: 20240125
  day: 25
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Singapore
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Singapore
PublicationTitle ANESTHESIOLOGY AND PERIOPERATIVE SCIENCE
PublicationTitleAbbrev APS
PublicationYear 2024
Publisher Springer Nature Singapore
Springer
Publisher_xml – name: Springer Nature Singapore
– name: Springer
References Pathan, Williams (CR14) 2012; 6
Peng, Sandler (CR21) 1999; 90
Ilyas, Latif, Hafeez (CR65) 2022; 38
Wink, Veering, Aarts (CR130) 2019; 130
McDermott, Korba, Mata (CR156) 2012; 108
Hussain, Brull, Speer (CR163) 2022; 77
Ueshima, Hiroshi (CR160) 2018; 44
Giovannitti, Thoms, Crawford (CR96) 2015; 62
Wu, Rowlingson, Partin (CR13) 2005; 30
Faiz, Mohseni, Imani (CR148) 2021; 11
Verret, Lauzier, Zarychanski (CR71) 2020; 133
Sun, Darnall, Baker (CR29) 2016; 176
Kelley, Bennett, Chung (CR36) 2016; 137
Vaurio, Sands, Wang (CR5) 2006; 102
Daghmouri, Akremi, Chaouch (CR166) 2021; 21
Patel, Sharawi, Sultan (CR154) 2019; 40
Wu, King, Geiger (CR32) 2019; 129
Peltrini, Cantoni, Green (CR153) 2020; 24
Harkouk, Martinez (CR135) 2020; 46
Zhang, Zhao, Yang (CR41) 2022; 47
Hebard, Hocking (CR169) 2011; 36
Leong, Tan, Wong (CR167) 2021; 76
Buerkle, Yaksh (CR97) 1998; 81
Marcantonio, Goldman, Mangione (CR9) 1994; 271
El-Boghdadly, Desai, Halpern (CR159) 2021; 76
Koppert, Ostermeier, Sittl (CR118) 2000; 85
Shamsaddini, Farzanegan, Baniasadi (CR69) 2022; 21
CR150
Kress (CR20) 2009; 13
Katircioglu, Hasegeli, Ibrahimhakkioglu (CR134) 2008; 107
Fredrickson, Abeysekera, White (CR181) 2012; 37
Loria, Zborek, Millward (CR31) 2022; 12
Eipe, Penning (CR77) 2011; 16
Coveney, Weltz, Greengrass (CR141) 1998; 227
CR113
Desai, Kirkham, Albrecht (CR173) 2021; 76
Garimella, Cellini (CR25) 2013; 26
CR114
CR111
CR112
Albi-Feldzer, Dureau, Ghimouz (CR139) 2021; 135
Wang, Wu, Xu (CR103) 2019; 123
Hung, Wu, Chiang (CR68) 2022; 32
CR117
Richebe, Capdevila, Rivat (CR6) 2018; 129
Saporito, Aguirre, Borgeat (CR138) 2019; 12
Wu, Naqibuddin, Rowlingson (CR12) 2003; 97
Sun, Zhang, Ji (CR147) 2021; 100
Lynch, Lazor, Gellis (CR7) 1998; 86
Seib, Paul (CR66) 2006; 53
Abbal, Choquet, Gourari (CR170) 2015; 81
Duger, Isbir, Kaygusuz (CR172) 2013; 10
Hans (CR18) 2007; 3
Insler, O'Connor, Samonte (CR125) 1995; 9
Zhou, Yang, Hai (CR86) 2022; 2022
Santonastaso, de Chiara, Russo (CR137) 2019; 12
Goudra, Singh, Xue (CR180) 2020; 14
Martin, Cherif, Gentili (CR126) 2008; 109
Liu, He, Zhou (CR132) 2021; 13
Izrailtyan, Qiu, Overdyk (CR27) 2018; 13
Overdyk, Dowling, Marino (CR28) 2016; 11
Imam, Kuo, Ghassabian (CR26) 2018; 03
Zhao, Liao, Wu (CR175) 2021; 100
Rafi (CR152) 2001; 56
Hara, Sata (CR63) 2007; 51
Katz, Jackson, Kavanagh (CR10) 1996; 12
Hamid, Marc-Hernandez, Saber (CR155) 2021; 406
Long, Birmingham, De Oliveira, Jr (CR158) 2014; 119
Koppert, Weigand, Neumann (CR119) 2004; 98
Ballantyne, Shin (CR16) 2008; 24
CR102
CR101
Ramamoorthy, Cidlowski (CR110) 2016; 42
Persson (CR81) 2010; 23
CR108
CR109
Van Elstraete, Tirault, Lebrun (CR74) 2008; 106
CR106
Zengin, Ergun, Gunal (CR165) 2021; 31
CR107
Pace, Sharma, Anderson-Dam (CR143) 2016; 122
Schwenk, Mariano (CR17) 2018; 71
Swenson, Wells, Rowlingson, Thomson, Barcaly, Sawyer, Friel, Foley, Durieux (CR120) 2010; 35
Weinstein, Levene, Cohen (CR140) 2018; 6
CR37
CR33
Hudcova, McNicol, Quah (CR24) 2006; 18
Hong, Xie, Ge (CR40) 2022; 101
Sheth, Bernthal, Ho (CR48) 2020; 99
Staahl, Christrup, Andersen (CR22) 2006; 123
Brinck, Tiippana, Heesen (CR94) 2018; 12
Gago Martínez, Escontrela Rodriguez, Planas Roca (CR46) 2016; 11
CR49
Walder, Schafer, Henzi (CR23) 2001; 45
Singh, Kelly, O'Brien (CR144) 2012; 94
Chung, Un, Su (CR1) 1996; 43
CR44
CR42
Ucak, Onan, Sen (CR73) 2011; 25
Gan (CR4) 2017; 10
Hollingshead, Duhmke, Cornblath (CR19) 2006; 19
Hirota, Lambert (CR82) 2011; 107
De Cassai, Bonvicini, Correale (CR168) 2019; 85
Wang, Zhang, Xiao (CR2) 2023; 38
Baeriswyl, Kirkham, Kern (CR157) 2015; 121
Yeniocak, Canbolat (CR151) 2019; 2019
Teerawattananon, Tantayakom, Suwanawiboon (CR45) 2017; 46
Hodgson, Liu (CR124) 2001; 94
CR59
CR58
CR57
CR56
CR55
Li, Lam, King (CR145) 2019; 23
CR54
CR53
CR52
CR51
CR50
Kuthiala, Chaudhary (CR131) 2011; 55
Pandey, Singhal, Kumar (CR72) 2005; 52
Dahl, Nielsen, Wetterslev (CR38) 2014; 58
Dunn, Durieux (CR127) 2017; 126
Tsui, Fonseca, Munshey (CR164) 2019; 53
CR62
CR61
CR60
Farag, Ghobrial, Sessler (CR123) 2013; 119
Robinson, Raeburn, Tran (CR8) 2009; 249
Winkelmayer, Waikar, Mogun (CR34) 2008; 121
Koh, Nguyen, Jahr (CR47) 2015; 68
Waldron, Jones, Gan (CR115) 2013; 110
Hollmann, Durieux (CR116) 2000; 93
Marret, Rolin, Beaussier (CR121) 2008; 95
Costa, Satalich, Al-Bizri (CR133) 2019; 66
Chapman, Shepherd, Moore (CR174) 2021; 222
CR79
CR78
CR75
Dierking, Duedahl, Rasmussen (CR76) 2004; 48
CR70
Wick, Grant, Wu (CR30) 2017; 152
Wu, Cui, Zhang (CR104) 2016; 125
McKay, Gottschalk, Ploppa (CR128) 2009; 109
CR3
Bruno, Tacconelli, Patrignani (CR35) 2014; 114
Brookes, Sondekoppam, Armstrong (CR171) 2015; 115
CR89
Zeng, Li, He (CR105) 2019; 14
CR88
CR87
CR85
Ladich, Zhou, Spence (CR67) 2022; 37
CR84
CR83
Ju, Kim, Lee (CR98) 2020; 15
Patnaik, Chhabra, Subramaniam (CR136) 2018; 43
CR80
Niesen, Jacob, Law (CR142) 2020; 45
Hasan, Rolf, Sympson (CR178) 2019; 3
Nagata, Niikura, Yamada (CR43) 2016; 11
Ben-David, Barak, Katz (CR149) 2006; 6
McAnally, Bonnet, Kaye (CR64) 2020; 9
Tian, Malhan, Deng (CR100) 2022; 88
CR184
Ilfeld, Vandenborne, Duncan (CR177) 2006; 105
CR185
CR183
Lloyd, Derry, Moore (CR39) 2009; 2009
Fredrickson, Krishnan, Chen (CR176) 2010; 65
CR99
CR95
CR93
CR92
Christie, Picard, Weinberg (CR188) 2015; 15
CR91
CR90
Veal, Bereznicki, Thompson (CR11) 2015; 94
Wallin, Cassuto, Hogstrom (CR129) 1987; 66
Jin, Liu, Li (CR161) 2020; 62
McNicol, Ferguson, Hudcova (CR15) 2015; 2015
Sercia, Bergeron, Pelet (CR179) 2022; 108
Hussain, Brull, Weaver (CR162) 2021; 134
CR193
CR194
CR191
Vigneault, Turgeon, Cote (CR122) 2011; 58
CR192
CR190
Kunigo, Murouchi, Yamamoto (CR182) 2017; 42
CR189
CR186
CR187
Zhao, Xu, Li (CR146) 2021; 94
K Hirota (43_CR82) 2011; 107
K Wang (43_CR103) 2019; 123
43_CR117
43_CR114
CL Wu (43_CR13) 2005; 30
43_CR113
N Nagata (43_CR43) 2016; 11
A McKay (43_CR128) 2009; 109
B Abbal (43_CR170) 2015; 81
43_CR60
43_CR62
43_CR112
43_CR61
43_CR111
EC Brinck (43_CR94) 2018; 12
R Lloyd (43_CR39) 2009; 2009
G Wallin (43_CR129) 1987; 66
CL Wu (43_CR12) 2003; 97
J Hollingshead (43_CR19) 2006; 19
RW Leong (43_CR167) 2021; 76
43_CR53
43_CR52
43_CR55
43_CR54
C Teerawattananon (43_CR45) 2017; 46
43_CR51
43_CR50
FJ Overdyk (43_CR28) 2016; 11
43_CR57
43_CR56
43_CR59
43_CR58
PS Hodgson (43_CR124) 2001; 94
G Kuthiala (43_CR131) 2011; 55
EC Sun (43_CR29) 2016; 176
43_CR80
E Marret (43_CR121) 2008; 95
T Kunigo (43_CR182) 2017; 42
A Gago Martínez (43_CR46) 2016; 11
43_CR85
C Staahl (43_CR22) 2006; 123
43_CR88
43_CR87
K Hara (43_CR63) 2007; 51
43_CR84
43_CR83
43_CR3
43_CR89
N Eipe (43_CR77) 2011; 16
EC Wick (43_CR30) 2017; 152
P Richebe (43_CR6) 2018; 129
H Buerkle (43_CR97) 1998; 81
W Koppert (43_CR118) 2000; 85
DP Santonastaso (43_CR137) 2019; 12
J Zhao (43_CR175) 2021; 100
43_CR75
F Martin (43_CR126) 2008; 109
W Zhang (43_CR41) 2022; 47
43_CR70
W Koppert (43_CR119) 2004; 98
BC Chapman (43_CR174) 2021; 222
43_CR150
AD Niesen (43_CR142) 2020; 45
43_CR79
SHR Faiz (43_CR148) 2021; 11
43_CR78
K El-Boghdadly (43_CR159) 2021; 76
WC Winkelmayer (43_CR34) 2008; 121
A Ucak (43_CR73) 2011; 25
J Brookes (43_CR171) 2015; 115
G Dierking (43_CR76) 2004; 48
N Hussain (43_CR162) 2021; 134
NH Waldron (43_CR115) 2013; 110
LK Dunn (43_CR127) 2017; 126
J Persson (43_CR81) 2010; 23
A Bruno (43_CR35) 2014; 114
KC Hung (43_CR68) 2022; 32
ES Schwenk (43_CR17) 2018; 71
C Duger (43_CR172) 2013; 10
SS Hasan (43_CR178) 2019; 3
A De Cassai (43_CR168) 2019; 85
A Saporito (43_CR138) 2019; 12
43_CR91
ER Marcantonio (43_CR9) 1994; 271
43_CR90
43_CR99
RK Seib (43_CR66) 2006; 53
43_CR93
43_CR92
MJ Fredrickson (43_CR181) 2012; 37
43_CR95
H Zeng (43_CR105) 2019; 14
LE Christie (43_CR188) 2015; 15
BP Kelley (43_CR36) 2016; 137
MAR Shamsaddini (43_CR69) 2022; 21
BCH Tsui (43_CR164) 2019; 53
JC Ballantyne (43_CR16) 2008; 24
C Tian (43_CR100) 2022; 88
K Katircioglu (43_CR134) 2008; 107
MM Pace (43_CR143) 2016; 122
J Hudcova (43_CR24) 2006; 18
N Desai (43_CR173) 2021; 76
BG Swenson (43_CR120) 2010; 35
L Vigneault (43_CR122) 2011; 58
ED McNicol (43_CR15) 2015; 2015
E Farag (43_CR123) 2013; 119
E Coveney (43_CR141) 1998; 227
FC Veal (43_CR11) 2015; 94
N Hussain (43_CR163) 2022; 77
43_CR107
43_CR106
43_CR109
43_CR108
43_CR102
43_CR101
CL Wu (43_CR32) 2019; 129
XH Wu (43_CR104) 2016; 125
A Albi-Feldzer (43_CR139) 2021; 135
J Li (43_CR145) 2019; 23
SR Insler (43_CR125) 1995; 9
J Katz (43_CR10) 1996; 12
T Yeniocak (43_CR151) 2019; 2019
C Hong (43_CR40) 2022; 101
MW Hollmann (43_CR116) 2000; 93
MA Daghmouri (43_CR166) 2021; 21
Q Wang (43_CR2) 2023; 38
J Wink (43_CR130) 2019; 130
LE Vaurio (43_CR5) 2006; 102
B Ben-David (43_CR149) 2006; 6
JB Long (43_CR158) 2014; 119
JY Ju (43_CR98) 2020; 15
A Singh (43_CR144) 2012; 94
AC Van Elstraete (43_CR74) 2008; 106
AC Costa (43_CR133) 2019; 66
MZ Imam (43_CR26) 2018; 03
EM Ladich (43_CR67) 2022; 37
JB Dahl (43_CR38) 2014; 58
W Koh (43_CR47) 2015; 68
H Pathan (43_CR14) 2012; 6
MJ Fredrickson (43_CR176) 2010; 65
EP Lynch (43_CR7) 1998; 86
PW Peng (43_CR21) 1999; 90
V Garimella (43_CR25) 2013; 26
C Sun (43_CR147) 2021; 100
S Ramamoorthy (43_CR110) 2016; 42
EJ Weinstein (43_CR140) 2018; 6
M Baeriswyl (43_CR157) 2015; 121
HKS Hamid (43_CR155) 2021; 406
S Hebard (43_CR169) 2011; 36
G Hans (43_CR18) 2007; 3
HG Kress (43_CR20) 2009; 13
K Ilyas (43_CR65) 2022; 38
HFD Harkouk (43_CR135) 2020; 46
L Zhou (43_CR86) 2022; 2022
H Ueshima (43_CR160) 2018; 44
B Walder (43_CR23) 2001; 45
TJ Gan (43_CR4) 2017; 10
JA Giovannitti Jr (43_CR96) 2015; 62
CK Pandey (43_CR72) 2005; 52
QP Sercia (43_CR179) 2022; 108
R Peltrini (43_CR153) 2020; 24
R Patnaik (43_CR136) 2018; 43
Z Jin (43_CR161) 2020; 62
J Zhao (43_CR146) 2021; 94
SU Zengin (43_CR165) 2021; 31
43_CR42
43_CR44
43_CR183
43_CR49
43_CR185
43_CR184
CM Loria (43_CR31) 2022; 12
M Verret (43_CR71) 2020; 133
SD Patel (43_CR154) 2019; 40
B Goudra (43_CR180) 2020; 14
KR Sheth (43_CR48) 2020; 99
F Chung (43_CR1) 1996; 43
I Izrailtyan (43_CR27) 2018; 13
H McAnally (43_CR64) 2020; 9
BM Ilfeld (43_CR177) 2006; 105
Y Liu (43_CR132) 2021; 13
43_CR33
43_CR187
AN Rafi (43_CR152) 2001; 56
43_CR186
43_CR189
43_CR194
G McDermott (43_CR156) 2012; 108
43_CR193
43_CR190
43_CR37
43_CR192
43_CR191
TN Robinson (43_CR8) 2009; 249
References_xml – ident: CR150
– volume: 3
  start-page: e014
  issue: 6
  year: 2019
  ident: CR178
  article-title: Single-Shot Versus Continuous Interscalene Block for Postoperative Pain Control After Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial
  publication-title: J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev
– volume: 97
  start-page: 1078
  issue: 4
  year: 2003
  end-page: 85
  ident: CR12
  article-title: The effect of pain on health-related quality of life in the immediate postoperative period
  publication-title: Anesth Analg
  doi: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000081722.09164.D5
– volume: 45
  start-page: 795
  issue: 7
  year: 2001
  end-page: 804
  ident: CR23
  article-title: Efficacy and safety of patient-controlled opioid analgesia for acute postoperative pain. A quantitative systematic review
  publication-title: Acta Anaesthesiol Scand
  doi: 10.1034/j.1399-6576.2001.045007795.x
– volume: 9
  start-page: 441
  issue: 2
  year: 2020
  end-page: 452
  ident: CR64
  article-title: Gabapentinoid Benefit and Risk Stratification: Mechanisms Over Myth
  publication-title: Pain Ther
  doi: 10.1007/s40122-020-00189-x
– ident: CR51
– volume: 114
  start-page: 56
  issue: 1
  year: 2014
  end-page: 63
  ident: CR35
  article-title: Variability in the response to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: mechanisms and perspectives
  publication-title: Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol
  doi: 10.1111/bcpt.12117
– ident: CR80
– volume: 14
  start-page: 288
  issue: 2
  year: 2020
  end-page: 294
  ident: CR180
  article-title: Efficacy of New Long-Acting Bupivacaine HTX-011 in Providing Pain Relief for Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery - A Meta-analysis of Prospective Randomized Controlled Trials
  publication-title: Anesth Essays Res
  doi: 10.4103/aer.AER_34_20
– volume: 23
  start-page: 455
  issue: 4
  year: 2010
  end-page: 460
  ident: CR81
  article-title: Wherefore ketamine?
  publication-title: Curr Opin Anaesthesiol
  doi: 10.1097/ACO.0b013e32833b49b3
– volume: 85
  start-page: 308
  issue: 3
  year: 2019
  end-page: 319
  ident: CR168
  article-title: Erector spinae plane block: a systematic qualitative review
  publication-title: Minerva Anestesiol
  doi: 10.23736/S0375-9393.18.13341-4
– volume: 15
  start-page: 136
  issue: 3
  year: 2015
  end-page: 142
  ident: CR188
  article-title: Local anaesthetic systemic toxicity
  publication-title: BJA education
  doi: 10.1093/bjaceaccp/mku027
– ident: CR92
– volume: 51
  start-page: 122
  issue: 1
  year: 2007
  end-page: 128
  ident: CR63
  article-title: Inhibitory effect of gabapentin on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes
  publication-title: Acta Anaesthesiol Scand
  doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2006.01183.x
– ident: CR191
– volume: 12
  start-page: 2701
  year: 2019
  end-page: 2708
  ident: CR137
  article-title: Single shot ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block for opioid-free radical mastectomy: a prospective observational study
  publication-title: J Pain Res
  doi: 10.2147/JPR.S211944
– ident: CR57
– ident: CR185
– ident: CR85
– ident: CR109
– volume: 93
  start-page: 858
  issue: 3
  year: 2000
  end-page: 875
  ident: CR116
  article-title: Local anesthetics and the inflammatory response: a new therapeutic indication?
  publication-title: Anesthesiology
  doi: 10.1097/00000542-200009000-00038
– volume: 45
  start-page: 813
  issue: 10
  year: 2020
  end-page: 817
  ident: CR142
  article-title: Complication rate of ultrasound-guided paravertebral block for breast surgery
  publication-title: Reg Anesth Pain Med
  doi: 10.1136/rapm-2020-101402
– ident: CR91
– volume: 101
  start-page: e30748
  issue: 38
  year: 2022
  ident: CR40
  article-title: The efficacy of parecoxib in improving pain after total knee or total hip arthroplasty: Systematic review and meta-analysis
  publication-title: Medicine (Baltimore)
  doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000030748
– volume: 129
  start-page: 590
  issue: 3
  year: 2018
  end-page: 607
  ident: CR6
  article-title: Persistent Postsurgical Pain: Pathophysiology and Preventative Pharmacologic Considerations
  publication-title: Anesthesiology
  doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000002238
– volume: 62
  start-page: 31
  issue: 1
  year: 2015
  end-page: 9
  ident: CR96
  article-title: Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists: a review of current clinical applications
  publication-title: Anesth Prog
  doi: 10.2344/0003-3006-62.1.31
– volume: 105
  start-page: 999
  issue: 5
  year: 2006
  end-page: 1007
  ident: CR177
  article-title: Ambulatory continuous interscalene nerve blocks decrease the time to discharge readiness after total shoulder arthroplasty: a randomized, triple-masked, placebo-controlled study
  publication-title: Anesthesiology
  doi: 10.1097/00000542-200611000-00022
– ident: CR190
– ident: CR33
– volume: 106
  start-page: 305
  issue: 1
  year: 2008
  end-page: 8
  ident: CR74
  article-title: The median effective dose of preemptive gabapentin on postoperative morphine consumption after posterior lumbar spinal fusion
  publication-title: Anesth Analg
  doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000297417.05690.31
– ident: CR184
– volume: 3
  start-page: 195
  issue: 4
  year: 2007
  end-page: 206
  ident: CR18
  article-title: Buprenorphine--a review of its role in neuropathic pain
  publication-title: J Opioid Manag
  doi: 10.5055/jom.2007.0005
– ident: CR108
– volume: 35
  start-page: 370
  year: 2010
  end-page: 376
  ident: CR120
  article-title: Intravenous lidocaine as effective as epidural bupivicaine in reducing ileus duration, hospital stay, and pain after open colon resection: A randomized clinical trial
  publication-title: Reg Anesth Pain Med
  doi: 10.1097/AAP.0b013e3181e8d5da
– ident: CR44
– volume: 16
  start-page: 353
  issue: 5
  year: 2011
  end-page: 6
  ident: CR77
  article-title: Postoperative respiratory depression with pregabalin: a case series and a preoperative decision algorithm
  publication-title: Pain Res Manag
  doi: 10.1155/2011/561604
– volume: 123
  start-page: 777
  issue: 6
  year: 2019
  end-page: 794
  ident: CR103
  article-title: Effects of dexmedetomidine on perioperative stress, inflammation, and immune function: systematic review and meta-analysis
  publication-title: Br J Anaesth
  doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.07.027
– volume: 271
  start-page: 134
  issue: 2
  year: 1994
  end-page: 139
  ident: CR9
  article-title: A clinical prediction rule for delirium after elective noncardiac surgery
  publication-title: JAMA
  doi: 10.1001/jama.1994.03510260066030
– ident: CR52
– ident: CR114
– volume: 102
  start-page: 1267
  issue: 4
  year: 2006
  end-page: 1273
  ident: CR5
  article-title: Postoperative delirium: the importance of pain and pain management
  publication-title: Anesth Analg
  doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000199156.59226.af
– volume: 107
  start-page: 1742
  issue: 5
  year: 2008
  end-page: 1745
  ident: CR134
  article-title: A retrospective review of 34,109 epidural anesthetics for obstetric and gynecologic procedures at a single private hospital in Turkey
  publication-title: Anesth Analg
  doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31817bd11f
– volume: 65
  start-page: 608
  issue: 6
  year: 2010
  end-page: 624
  ident: CR176
  article-title: Postoperative analgesia for shoulder surgery: a critical appraisal and review of current techniques
  publication-title: Anaesthesia
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2009.06231.x
– volume: 68
  start-page: 3
  issue: 1
  year: 2015
  end-page: 12
  ident: CR47
  article-title: Intravenous non-opioid analgesia for peri- and postoperative pain management: a scientific review of intravenous acetaminophen and ibuprofen
  publication-title: Korean J Anesthesiol
  doi: 10.4097/kjae.2015.68.1.3
– ident: CR70
– volume: 43
  start-page: 1121
  issue: 11
  year: 1996
  end-page: 1127
  ident: CR1
  article-title: Postoperative symptoms 24 hours after ambulatory anaesthesia
  publication-title: Can J Anaesth
  doi: 10.1007/BF03011838
– ident: CR49
– ident: CR93
– ident: CR87
– volume: 108
  start-page: 499
  issue: 3
  year: 2012
  end-page: 502
  ident: CR156
  article-title: Should we stop doing blind transversus abdominis plane blocks?
  publication-title: Br J Anaesth
  doi: 10.1093/bja/aer422
– volume: 152
  start-page: 691
  issue: 7
  year: 2017
  end-page: 697
  ident: CR30
  article-title: Postoperative Multimodal Analgesia Pain Management With Nonopioid Analgesics and Techniques: A Review
  publication-title: JAMA Surg
  doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2017.0898
– volume: 121
  start-page: 1092
  issue: 12
  year: 2008
  end-page: 1098
  ident: CR34
  article-title: Nonselective and cyclooxygenase-2-selective NSAIDs and acute kidney injury
  publication-title: Am J Med
  doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.06.035
– volume: 42
  start-page: 737
  issue: 6
  year: 2017
  end-page: 740
  ident: CR182
  article-title: Injection Volume and Anesthetic Effect in Serratus Plane Block
  publication-title: Reg Anesth Pain Med
  doi: 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000649
– volume: 115
  start-page: 912
  issue: 6
  year: 2015
  end-page: 919
  ident: CR171
  article-title: Comparative evaluation of the visibility and block characteristics of a stimulating needle and catheter vs an echogenic needle and catheter for sciatic nerve block with a low-frequency ultrasound probe
  publication-title: Br J Anaesth
  doi: 10.1093/bja/aev351
– ident: CR111
– ident: CR58
– volume: 95
  start-page: 1331
  issue: 11
  year: 2008
  end-page: 1338
  ident: CR121
  article-title: Meta-analysis of intravenous lidocaine and postoperative recovery after abdominal surgery
  publication-title: Br J Surg
  doi: 10.1002/bjs.6375
– volume: 81
  start-page: 369
  issue: 4
  year: 2015
  end-page: 378
  ident: CR170
  article-title: Enhanced visual acuity with echogenic needles in ultrasound-guided axillary brachial plexus block: a randomized, comparative, observer-blinded study
  publication-title: Minerva Anestesiol
– volume: 46
  start-page: 520
  issue: 4
  year: 2017
  end-page: 528
  ident: CR45
  article-title: Risk of perioperative bleeding related to highly selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  publication-title: Semin Arthritis Rheum
  doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2016.07.008
– volume: 227
  start-page: 496
  issue: 4
  year: 1998
  end-page: 501
  ident: CR141
  article-title: Use of paravertebral block anesthesia in the surgical management of breast cancer: experience in 156 cases
  publication-title: Ann Surg
  doi: 10.1097/00000658-199804000-00008
– volume: 24
  start-page: 787
  issue: 8
  year: 2020
  end-page: 802
  ident: CR153
  article-title: Efficacy of transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block in colorectal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  publication-title: Tech Coloproctol
  doi: 10.1007/s10151-020-02206-9
– ident: CR75
– volume: 12
  start-page: 50
  issue: 1
  year: 1996
  end-page: 55
  ident: CR10
  article-title: Acute pain after thoracic surgery predicts long-term post-thoracotomy pain
  publication-title: Clin J Pain
  doi: 10.1097/00002508-199603000-00009
– volume: 9
  start-page: 541
  issue: 5
  year: 1995
  end-page: 546
  ident: CR125
  article-title: Lidocaine and the inhibition of postoperative pain in coronary artery bypass patients
  publication-title: J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth
  doi: 10.1016/S1053-0770(05)80138-7
– volume: 52
  start-page: 827
  issue: 8
  year: 2005
  end-page: 831
  ident: CR72
  article-title: Gabapentin provides effective postoperative analgesia whether administered pre-emptively or post-incision
  publication-title: Can J Anaesth
  doi: 10.1007/BF03021777
– ident: CR189
– volume: 11
  start-page: e0154004
  issue: 5
  year: 2016
  ident: CR46
  article-title: Intravenous Ibuprofen for Treatment of Post-Operative Pain: A Multicenter, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial
  publication-title: PLoS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154004
– volume: 58
  start-page: 22
  issue: 1
  year: 2011
  end-page: 37
  ident: CR122
  article-title: Perioperative intravenous lidocaine infusion for postoperative pain control: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  publication-title: Can J Anaesth
  doi: 10.1007/s12630-010-9407-0
– volume: 26
  start-page: 191
  issue: 3
  year: 2013
  end-page: 196
  ident: CR25
  article-title: Postoperative pain control
  publication-title: Clin Colon Rectal Surg
  doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1351138
– ident: CR99
– volume: 44
  start-page: 104
  year: 2018
  ident: CR160
  article-title: RETRACTED: Incidence of lower-extremity muscle weakness after quadratus lumborum block
  publication-title: J Clin Anesth
  doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2017.11.020
– volume: 58
  start-page: 1165
  issue: 10
  year: 2014
  end-page: 1181
  ident: CR38
  article-title: Post-operative analgesic effects of paracetamol, NSAIDs, glucocorticoids, gabapentinoids and their combinations: a topical review
  publication-title: Acta Anaesthesiol Scand
  doi: 10.1111/aas.12382
– volume: 25
  start-page: 824
  issue: 5
  year: 2011
  end-page: 829
  ident: CR73
  article-title: The effects of gabapentin on acute and chronic postoperative pain after coronary artery bypass graft surgery
  publication-title: J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth
  doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2010.11.017
– volume: 90
  start-page: 576
  issue: 2
  year: 1999
  end-page: 599
  ident: CR21
  article-title: A review of the use of fentanyl analgesia in the management of acute pain in adults
  publication-title: Anesthesiology
  doi: 10.1097/00000542-199902000-00034
– volume: 85
  start-page: 217
  issue: 1–2
  year: 2000
  end-page: 224
  ident: CR118
  article-title: Low-dose lidocaine reduces secondary hyperalgesia by a central mode of action
  publication-title: Pain
  doi: 10.1016/S0304-3959(99)00268-7
– ident: CR37
– ident: CR53
– ident: CR194
– volume: 99
  start-page: e20042
  issue: 31
  year: 2020
  ident: CR48
  article-title: Perioperative bleeding and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: An evidence-based literature review, and current clinical appraisal
  publication-title: Medicine (Baltimore)
  doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000020042
– volume: 86
  start-page: 781
  issue: 4
  year: 1998
  end-page: 785
  ident: CR7
  article-title: The impact of postoperative pain on the development of postoperative delirium
  publication-title: Anesth Analg
– volume: 6
  start-page: 11
  issue: 1
  year: 2012
  end-page: 16
  ident: CR14
  article-title: Basic opioid pharmacology: an update
  publication-title: Br J Pain
  doi: 10.1177/2049463712438493
– volume: 55
  start-page: 104
  issue: 2
  year: 2011
  end-page: 110
  ident: CR131
  article-title: Ropivacaine: A review of its pharmacology and clinical use
  publication-title: Indian J Anaesth
  doi: 10.4103/0019-5049.79875
– volume: 94
  start-page: 106111
  year: 2021
  ident: CR146
  article-title: Efficacy and safety of suprascapular nerve block combined with axillary nerve block for arthroscopic shoulder surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  publication-title: Int J Surg
  doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2021.106111
– volume: 10
  start-page: 1108
  issue: 9
  year: 2013
  end-page: 1112
  ident: CR172
  article-title: The importance of needle echogenity in ultrasound guided axillary brachial plexus block: a randomized controlled clinical study
  publication-title: Int J Med Sci
  doi: 10.7150/ijms.6598
– volume: 30
  start-page: 516
  issue: 6
  year: 2005
  end-page: 22
  ident: CR13
  article-title: Correlation of postoperative pain to quality of recovery in the immediate postoperative period
  publication-title: Reg Anesth Pain Med
  doi: 10.1097/00115550-200511000-00003
– volume: 37
  start-page: 495
  issue: 5
  year: 2012
  end-page: 501
  ident: CR181
  article-title: Randomized study of the effect of local anesthetic volume and concentration on the duration of peripheral nerve blockade
  publication-title: Reg Anesth Pain Med
  doi: 10.1097/AAP.0b013e3182580fd0
– volume: 14
  start-page: e0218088
  issue: 8
  year: 2019
  ident: CR105
  article-title: Dexmedetomidine for the prevention of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  publication-title: PLoS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218088
– volume: 134
  start-page: 72
  issue: 1
  year: 2021
  end-page: 87
  ident: CR162
  article-title: Postoperative Analgesic Effectiveness of Quadratus Lumborum Block for Cesarean Delivery under Spinal Anesthesia
  publication-title: Anesthesiology
  doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000003611
– volume: 77
  start-page: 1152
  issue: 10
  year: 2022
  end-page: 1162
  ident: CR163
  article-title: Analgesic benefits of the quadratus lumborum block in total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  publication-title: Anaesthesia
  doi: 10.1111/anae.15823
– ident: CR59
– volume: 19
  start-page: CD003726
  issue: 3
  year: 2006
  ident: CR19
  article-title: Tramadol for neuropathic pain
  publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev
– volume: 38
  start-page: 1466
  issue: 6
  year: 2022
  end-page: 1470
  ident: CR65
  article-title: Effect of pre-operative administration of single-dose of gabapentin on postop surgical pain in patients undergoing sternotomy for CABG
  publication-title: Pak J Med Sci
– ident: CR183
– volume: 11
  start-page: e0150214
  issue: 2
  year: 2016
  ident: CR28
  article-title: Association of Opioids and Sedatives with Increased Risk of In-Hospital Cardiopulmonary Arrest from an Administrative Database
  publication-title: PLoS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150214
– volume: 24
  start-page: 469
  issue: 6
  year: 2008
  end-page: 78
  ident: CR16
  article-title: Efficacy of opioids for chronic pain: a review of the evidence
  publication-title: Clin J Pain
  doi: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e31816b2f26
– volume: 21
  start-page: 90
  year: 2022
  end-page: 5
  ident: CR69
  article-title: Effectiveness of Short-term Use of Gabapentin as Pre-emptive Analgesia in Reducing Pain after Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery
  publication-title: Tanaffos
– volume: 12
  start-page: 280
  year: 2022
  end-page: 296
  ident: CR31
  article-title: Enhanced recovery after cardiac surgery protocol reduces perioperative opioid use
  publication-title: JTCVS Open
  doi: 10.1016/j.xjon.2022.08.008
– volume: 98
  start-page: 1050
  issue: 4
  year: 2004
  end-page: 1055
  ident: CR119
  article-title: Perioperative intravenous lidocaine has preventive effects on postoperative pain and morphine consumption after major abdominal surgery
  publication-title: Anesth Analg
  doi: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000104582.71710.EE
– volume: 249
  start-page: 173
  issue: 1
  year: 2009
  end-page: 178
  ident: CR8
  article-title: Postoperative delirium in the elderly: risk factors and outcomes
  publication-title: Ann Surg
  doi: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e31818e4776
– volume: 125
  start-page: 979
  issue: 5
  year: 2016
  end-page: 991
  ident: CR104
  article-title: Low-dose Dexmedetomidine Improves Sleep Quality Pattern in Elderly Patients after Noncardiac Surgery in the Intensive Care Unit: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
  publication-title: Anesthesiology
  doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000001325
– volume: 31
  start-page: 5176
  issue: 12
  year: 2021
  end-page: 5182
  ident: CR165
  article-title: Effect of Ultrasound-Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block on Postoperative Pain and Intraoperative Opioid Consumption in Bariatric Surgery
  publication-title: Obes Surg
  doi: 10.1007/s11695-021-05681-7
– ident: CR54
– volume: 110
  start-page: 191
  issue: 2
  year: 2013
  end-page: 200
  ident: CR115
  article-title: Impact of perioperative dexamethasone on postoperative analgesia and side-effects: systematic review and meta-analysis
  publication-title: Br J Anaesth
  doi: 10.1093/bja/aes431
– volume: 03
  start-page: 238
  issue: 131
  year: 2018
  end-page: 255
  ident: CR26
  article-title: Progress in understanding mechanisms of opioid-induced gastrointestinal adverse effects and respiratory depression
  publication-title: Neuropharmacology
  doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.12.032
– volume: 100
  start-page: e27661
  issue: 44
  year: 2021
  ident: CR147
  article-title: Suprascapular nerve block and axillary nerve block versus interscalene nerve block for arthroscopic shoulder surgery: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  publication-title: Medicine (Baltimore)
  doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000027661
– volume: 32
  start-page: 2734
  issue: 8
  year: 2022
  end-page: 2743
  ident: CR68
  article-title: Analgesic Efficacy of Gabapentin and Pregabalin in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgeries: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
  publication-title: Obes Surg
  doi: 10.1007/s11695-022-06109-6
– ident: CR106
– volume: 71
  start-page: 345
  issue: 5
  year: 2018
  end-page: 352
  ident: CR17
  article-title: Designing the ideal perioperative pain management plan starts with multimodal analgesia
  publication-title: Korean J Anesthesiol
  doi: 10.4097/kja.d.18.00217
– ident: CR42
– ident: CR101
– volume: 46
  start-page: 251
  year: 2020
  end-page: 257
  ident: CR135
  article-title: Paravertebral block for the prevention of chronic postsurgical pain after breast cancer surgery
  publication-title: Reg Anesth Pain Med
  doi: 10.1136/rapm-2020-102040
– volume: 406
  start-page: 273
  issue: 2
  year: 2021
  end-page: 282
  ident: CR155
  article-title: Transversus abdominis plane block versus thoracic epidural analgesia in colorectal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  publication-title: Langenbecks Arch Surg
  doi: 10.1007/s00423-020-01995-9
– ident: CR88
– ident: CR60
– ident: CR112
– volume: 48
  start-page: 322
  issue: 3
  year: 2004
  end-page: 327
  ident: CR76
  article-title: Effects of gabapentin on postoperative morphine consumption and pain after abdominal hysterectomy: a randomized, double-blind trial
  publication-title: Acta Anaesthesiol Scand
  doi: 10.1111/j.0001-5172.2004.0329.x
– volume: 47
  start-page: 2091
  issue: 12
  year: 2022
  end-page: 2100
  ident: CR41
  article-title: Efficacy and safety of preoperative versus postoperative NSAIDs on pain relief in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy surgery: A multicentre, randomized, controlled trial
  publication-title: J Clin Pharm Ther
  doi: 10.1111/jcpt.13755
– volume: 107
  start-page: 123
  issue: 2
  year: 2011
  end-page: 126
  ident: CR82
  article-title: Ketamine: new uses for an old drug?
  publication-title: Br J Anaesth
  doi: 10.1093/bja/aer221
– volume: 11
  start-page: e112540
  issue: 2
  year: 2021
  ident: CR148
  article-title: Comparison of Ultrasound-Guided Supra-scapular Plus Axillary Nerve Block with Interscalene Block for Postoperative Pain Management in Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery; A Double-Blinded Randomized Open-Label Clinical Trial
  publication-title: Anesth Pain Med
  doi: 10.5812/aapm.112540
– volume: 10
  start-page: 2287
  year: 2017
  end-page: 2298
  ident: CR4
  article-title: Poorly controlled postoperative pain: prevalence, consequences, and prevention
  publication-title: J Pain Res
  doi: 10.2147/JPR.S144066
– volume: 12
  start-page: 1193
  year: 2019
  end-page: 1199
  ident: CR138
  article-title: Persistent postdischarge pain and chronic postoperative pain after breast cancer surgery under general anesthesia and single-shot paravertebral block: incidence, characteristics and impact on quality of life and healthcare costs
  publication-title: J Pain Res
  doi: 10.2147/JPR.S195702
– volume: 176
  start-page: 1286
  issue: 9
  year: 2016
  end-page: 93
  ident: CR29
  article-title: Incidence of and Risk Factors for Chronic Opioid Use Among Opioid-Naive Patients in the Postoperative Period
  publication-title: JAMA Intern Med
  doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.3298
– volume: 130
  start-page: 472
  issue: 3
  year: 2019
  end-page: 491
  ident: CR130
  article-title: Effects of Thoracic Epidural Anesthesia on Neuronal Cardiac Regulation and Cardiac Function
  publication-title: Anesthesiology
  doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000002558
– volume: 62
  start-page: 109715
  year: 2020
  ident: CR161
  article-title: Single injection Quadratus Lumborum block for postoperative analgesia in adult surgical population: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  publication-title: J Clin Anesth
  doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109715
– ident: CR89
– volume: 119
  start-page: 395
  issue: 2
  year: 2014
  end-page: 399
  ident: CR158
  article-title: Transversus abdominis plane block in children: a multicenter safety analysis of 1994 cases from the PRAN (Pediatric Regional Anesthesia Network) database
  publication-title: Anesth Analg
  doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000000284
– volume: 76
  start-page: 393
  issue: 3
  year: 2021
  end-page: 403
  ident: CR159
  article-title: Quadratus lumborum block vs. transversus abdominis plane block for caesarean delivery: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
  publication-title: Anaesthesia
  doi: 10.1111/anae.15160
– ident: CR117
– volume: 129
  start-page: 567
  issue: 2
  year: 2019
  end-page: 577
  ident: CR32
  article-title: American Society for Enhanced Recovery and Perioperative Quality Initiative Joint Consensus Statement on Perioperative Opioid Minimization in Opioid-Naïve Patients
  publication-title: Anesth Analg
  doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000004194
– volume: 100
  start-page: e25272
  issue: 14
  year: 2021
  ident: CR175
  article-title: Evaluation of ropivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine versus ropivacaine alone for epidural anesthesia: A meta-analysis
  publication-title: Medicine (Baltimore)
  doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000025272
– volume: 40
  start-page: 62
  year: 2019
  end-page: 77
  ident: CR154
  article-title: Local anaesthetic techniques for post-caesarean delivery analgesia
  publication-title: Int J Obstet Anesth
  doi: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2019.06.002
– volume: 108
  start-page: 103290
  issue: 8
  year: 2022
  ident: CR179
  article-title: Continuous vs. single-shot adductor canal block for pain management following primary total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  publication-title: Orthop Traumatol Surg Res
  doi: 10.1016/j.otsr.2022.103290
– volume: 15
  start-page: 157
  issue: 2
  year: 2020
  end-page: 166
  ident: CR98
  article-title: Effect of preoperative administration of systemic alpha-2 agonists on postoperative pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  publication-title: Anesth Pain Med (Seoul)
  doi: 10.17085/apm.2020.15.2.157
– volume: 122
  start-page: 1186
  issue: 4
  year: 2016
  end-page: 1191
  ident: CR143
  article-title: Ultrasound-Guided Thoracic Paravertebral Blockade: A Retrospective Study of the Incidence of Complications
  publication-title: Anesth Analg
  doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000001117
– ident: CR3
– volume: 53
  start-page: 461
  issue: 5
  year: 2006
  end-page: 469
  ident: CR66
  article-title: Preoperative gabapentin for postoperative analgesia: a meta-analysis
  publication-title: Can J Anaesth
  doi: 10.1007/BF03022618
– volume: 11
  start-page: e0151332
  issue: 3
  year: 2016
  ident: CR43
  article-title: Acute Middle Gastrointestinal Bleeding Risk Associated with NSAIDs, Antithrombotic Drugs, and PPIs: A Multicenter Case-Control Study
  publication-title: PLoS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151332
– volume: 42
  start-page: 15
  issue: 1
  year: 2016
  end-page: 31, vii
  ident: CR110
  article-title: Corticosteroids: Mechanisms of Action in Health and Disease
  publication-title: Rheum Dis Clin North Am
  doi: 10.1016/j.rdc.2015.08.002
– ident: CR193
– ident: CR187
– ident: CR55
– ident: CR83
– volume: 119
  start-page: 932
  issue: 4
  year: 2013
  end-page: 940
  ident: CR123
  article-title: Effect of perioperative intravenous lidocaine administration on pain, opioid consumption, and quality of life after complex spine surgery
  publication-title: Anesthesiology
  doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e318297d4a5
– volume: 6
  start-page: CD007105
  issue: 6
  year: 2018
  ident: CR140
  article-title: Local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia versus conventional analgesia for preventing persistent postoperative pain in adults and children
  publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev
– volume: 121
  start-page: 1640
  issue: 6
  year: 2015
  end-page: 1654
  ident: CR157
  article-title: The Analgesic Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Adult Patients: A Meta-Analysis
  publication-title: Anesth Analg
  doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000000967
– ident: CR102
– volume: 133
  start-page: 265
  issue: 2
  year: 2020
  end-page: 279
  ident: CR71
  article-title: Perioperative Use of Gabapentinoids for the Management of Postoperative Acute Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
  publication-title: Anesthesiology
  doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000003428
– ident: CR192
– volume: 88
  start-page: 173
  issue: 3
  year: 2022
  end-page: 183
  ident: CR100
  article-title: Benefits of dexmedetomidine on postoperative analgesia after bariatric surgery
  publication-title: Minerva Anestesiol
  doi: 10.23736/S0375-9393.21.15986-3
– ident: CR186
– ident: CR61
– volume: 76
  start-page: 100
  issue: Suppl 1
  year: 2021
  end-page: 109
  ident: CR173
  article-title: Local anaesthetic adjuncts for peripheral regional anaesthesia: a narrative review
  publication-title: Anaesthesia
  doi: 10.1111/anae.15245
– ident: CR84
– volume: 123
  start-page: 28
  issue: 1–2
  year: 2006
  end-page: 36
  ident: CR22
  article-title: A comparative study of oxycodone and morphine in a multi-modal, tissue-differentiated experimental pain model
  publication-title: Pain
  doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2006.02.006
– volume: 21
  start-page: 357
  issue: 3
  year: 2021
  end-page: 365
  ident: CR166
  article-title: Bilateral Erector Spinae Plane Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
  publication-title: Pain Pract
  doi: 10.1111/papr.12953
– volume: 135
  start-page: 1091
  issue: 6
  year: 2021
  end-page: 1103
  ident: CR139
  article-title: Preoperative Paravertebral Block and Chronic Pain after Breast Cancer Surgery: A Double-blind Randomized Trial
  publication-title: Anesthesiology
  doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000003989
– volume: 2022
  start-page: 1507097
  year: 2022
  ident: CR86
  article-title: Perioperative Low-Dose Ketamine for Postoperative Pain Management in Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
  publication-title: Pain Res Manag
  doi: 10.1155/2022/1507097
– volume: 56
  start-page: 1024
  issue: 10
  year: 2001
  end-page: 1026
  ident: CR152
  article-title: Abdominal field block: a new approach via the lumbar triangle
  publication-title: Anaesthesia
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2001.2279-40.x
– volume: 222
  start-page: 198
  issue: 1
  year: 2021
  end-page: 202
  ident: CR174
  article-title: Dual adjunct therapy with dexamethasone and dexmedetomidine in transversus abdominis plane blocks reduces postoperative opioid use in colorectal surgery
  publication-title: Am J Surg
  doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.09.027
– volume: 94
  start-page: e1498
  issue: 36
  year: 2015
  ident: CR11
  article-title: Subacute Pain as a Predictor of Long-Term Pain Following Orthopedic Surgery: An Australian Prospective 12 Month Observational Cohort Study
  publication-title: Medicine (Baltimore)
  doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000001498
– ident: CR50
– volume: 109
  start-page: 118
  issue: 1
  year: 2008
  end-page: 123
  ident: CR126
  article-title: Lack of impact of intravenous lidocaine on analgesia, functional recovery, and nociceptive pain threshold after total hip arthroplasty
  publication-title: Anesthesiology
  doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31817b5a9b
– volume: 109
  start-page: 1805
  issue: 6
  year: 2009
  end-page: 1808
  ident: CR128
  article-title: Systemic lidocaine decreased the perioperative opioid analgesic requirements but failed to reduce discharge time after ambulatory surgery
  publication-title: Anesth Analg
  doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181be371b
– volume: 126
  start-page: 729
  issue: 4
  year: 2017
  end-page: 737
  ident: CR127
  article-title: Perioperative Use of Intravenous Lidocaine
  publication-title: Anesthesiology
  doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000001527
– volume: 2009
  start-page: CD004771
  issue: 2
  year: 2009
  ident: CR39
  article-title: Intravenous or intramuscular parecoxib for acute postoperative pain in adults
  publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev
– volume: 43
  start-page: 385
  issue: 4
  year: 2018
  end-page: 390
  ident: CR136
  article-title: Comparison of Paravertebral Block by Anatomic Landmark Technique to Ultrasound-Guided Paravertebral Block for Breast Surgery Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
  publication-title: Reg Anesth Pain Med
  doi: 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000746
– volume: 53
  start-page: 29
  year: 2019
  end-page: 34
  ident: CR164
  article-title: The erector spinae plane (ESP) block: A pooled review of 242 cases
  publication-title: J Clin Anesth
  doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2018.09.036
– ident: CR78
– volume: 66
  start-page: 1008
  issue: 10
  year: 1987
  end-page: 1013
  ident: CR129
  article-title: Effects of lidocaine infusion on the sympathetic response to abdominal surgery
  publication-title: Anesth Analg
  doi: 10.1213/00000539-198710000-00017
– volume: 94
  start-page: 799
  issue: 5
  year: 2001
  end-page: 803
  ident: CR124
  article-title: Epidural lidocaine decreases sevoflurane requirement for adequate depth of anesthesia as measured by the Bispectral Index((R)) monitor
  publication-title: Anesthesiology
  doi: 10.1097/00000542-200105000-00018
– ident: CR95
– volume: 13
  start-page: e0194553
  issue: 3
  year: 2018
  ident: CR27
  article-title: Risk factors for cardiopulmonary and respiratory arrest in medical and surgical hospital patients on opioid analgesics and sedatives
  publication-title: PLoS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194553
– volume: 137
  start-page: 1309
  issue: 4
  year: 2016
  end-page: 1316
  ident: CR36
  article-title: Ibuprofen May Not Increase Bleeding Risk in Plastic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  publication-title: Plast Reconstr Surg
  doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000002027
– volume: 13
  start-page: 219
  issue: 3
  year: 2009
  end-page: 230
  ident: CR20
  article-title: Clinical update on the pharmacology, efficacy and safety of transdermal buprenorphine
  publication-title: Eur J Pain
  doi: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2008.04.011
– volume: 2015
  start-page: CD003348
  issue: 6
  year: 2015
  ident: CR15
  article-title: Patient controlled opioid analgesia versus non-patient controlled opioid analgesia for postoperative pain
  publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev
– volume: 94
  start-page: 2040
  issue: 22
  year: 2012
  end-page: 2046
  ident: CR144
  article-title: Ultrasound-guided interscalene block anesthesia for shoulder arthroscopy: a prospective study of 1319 patients
  publication-title: J Bone Joint Surg Am
  doi: 10.2106/JBJS.K.01418
– ident: CR113
– volume: 2019
  start-page: 4846956
  year: 2019
  ident: CR151
  article-title: Retrospective Analysis of Ultrasound-Guided Infraclavicular Block: Effect of Experience of Anesthesiologists on Volume of Local Anesthetic Administered
  publication-title: Pain Res Manag
  doi: 10.1155/2019/4846956
– volume: 81
  start-page: 208
  issue: 2
  year: 1998
  end-page: 215
  ident: CR97
  article-title: Pharmacological evidence for different alpha 2-adrenergic receptor sites mediating analgesia and sedation in the rat
  publication-title: Br J Anaesth
  doi: 10.1093/bja/81.2.208
– ident: CR79
– ident: CR56
– volume: 12
  start-page: Cd012033
  year: 2018
  ident: CR94
  article-title: Perioperative intravenous ketamine for acute postoperative pain in adults
  publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev
– volume: 38
  start-page: 65
  issue: 1
  year: 2023
  end-page: 71
  ident: CR2
  article-title: Efficacy of Opioids in Preemptive Multimodal Analgesia for Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled
  publication-title: Randomized Trial J Arthroplasty
  doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2022.08.001
– volume: 6
  start-page: 119
  issue: 2
  year: 2006
  end-page: 123
  ident: CR149
  article-title: A retrospective study of the incidence of neurological injury after axillary brachial plexus block
  publication-title: Pain Pract
  doi: 10.1111/j.1533-2500.2006.00073.x
– ident: CR90
– volume: 13
  start-page: 5294
  issue: 5
  year: 2021
  end-page: 5300
  ident: CR132
  article-title: Effect of general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia on circulation and stress response of patients undergoing hysterectomy
  publication-title: Am J Transl Res
– volume: 36
  start-page: 185
  issue: 2
  year: 2011
  end-page: 9
  ident: CR169
  article-title: Echogenic technology can improve needle visibility during ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia
  publication-title: Reg Anesth Pain Med
  doi: 10.1097/AAP.0b013e31820d4349
– volume: 76
  start-page: 404
  issue: 3
  year: 2021
  end-page: 413
  ident: CR167
  article-title: Efficacy of erector spinae plane block for analgesia in breast surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  publication-title: Anaesthesia
  doi: 10.1111/anae.15164
– volume: 23
  start-page: 69
  issue: 10
  year: 2019
  ident: CR145
  article-title: Novel Regional Anesthesia for Outpatient Surgery
  publication-title: Curr Pain Headache Rep
  doi: 10.1007/s11916-019-0809-6
– volume: 18
  start-page: CD003348
  issue: 4
  year: 2006
  ident: CR24
  article-title: Patient controlled opioid analgesia versus conventional opioid analgesia for postoperative pain
  publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev
– volume: 66
  start-page: 1464
  issue: 12
  year: 2019
  end-page: 1471
  ident: CR133
  article-title: A ten-year retrospective study of post-dural puncture headache in 32,655 obstetric patients
  publication-title: Can J Anaesth
  doi: 10.1007/s12630-019-01486-6
– volume: 37
  start-page: 966
  issue: 6
  year: 2022
  end-page: 970
  ident: CR67
  article-title: Opioid-Sparing Anesthesia: Gabapentin and Postoperative Pain
  publication-title: J Perianesth Nurs
  doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2022.04.008
– ident: CR107
– ident: CR62
– volume: 26
  start-page: 191
  issue: 3
  year: 2013
  ident: 43_CR25
  publication-title: Clin Colon Rectal Surg
  doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1351138
– volume: 126
  start-page: 729
  issue: 4
  year: 2017
  ident: 43_CR127
  publication-title: Anesthesiology
  doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000001527
– volume: 42
  start-page: 15
  issue: 1
  year: 2016
  ident: 43_CR110
  publication-title: Rheum Dis Clin North Am
  doi: 10.1016/j.rdc.2015.08.002
– ident: 43_CR87
  doi: 10.4097/kjae.2011.61.3.238
– volume: 44
  start-page: 104
  year: 2018
  ident: 43_CR160
  publication-title: J Clin Anesth
  doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2017.11.020
– ident: 43_CR75
  doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000001719
– volume: 100
  start-page: e25272
  issue: 14
  year: 2021
  ident: 43_CR175
  publication-title: Medicine (Baltimore)
  doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000025272
– ident: 43_CR51
  doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004602.pub2
– volume: 3
  start-page: 195
  issue: 4
  year: 2007
  ident: 43_CR18
  publication-title: J Opioid Manag
  doi: 10.5055/jom.2007.0005
– volume: 35
  start-page: 370
  year: 2010
  ident: 43_CR120
  publication-title: Reg Anesth Pain Med
  doi: 10.1097/AAP.0b013e3181e8d5da
– volume: 62
  start-page: 109715
  year: 2020
  ident: 43_CR161
  publication-title: J Clin Anesth
  doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109715
– volume: 23
  start-page: 69
  issue: 10
  year: 2019
  ident: 43_CR145
  publication-title: Curr Pain Headache Rep
  doi: 10.1007/s11916-019-0809-6
– ident: 43_CR80
  doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000001787
– volume: 222
  start-page: 198
  issue: 1
  year: 2021
  ident: 43_CR174
  publication-title: Am J Surg
  doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.09.027
– volume: 53
  start-page: 461
  issue: 5
  year: 2006
  ident: 43_CR66
  publication-title: Can J Anaesth
  doi: 10.1007/BF03022618
– ident: 43_CR53
  doi: 10.1097/00000542-200512000-00025
– volume: 38
  start-page: 1466
  issue: 6
  year: 2022
  ident: 43_CR65
  publication-title: Pak J Med Sci
– volume: 6
  start-page: 119
  issue: 2
  year: 2006
  ident: 43_CR149
  publication-title: Pain Pract
  doi: 10.1111/j.1533-2500.2006.00073.x
– ident: 43_CR190
  doi: 10.1097/AAP.0b013e318263d396
– volume: 13
  start-page: e0194553
  issue: 3
  year: 2018
  ident: 43_CR27
  publication-title: PLoS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194553
– volume: 42
  start-page: 737
  issue: 6
  year: 2017
  ident: 43_CR182
  publication-title: Reg Anesth Pain Med
  doi: 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000649
– ident: 43_CR108
  doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000003315
– volume: 58
  start-page: 1165
  issue: 10
  year: 2014
  ident: 43_CR38
  publication-title: Acta Anaesthesiol Scand
  doi: 10.1111/aas.12382
– volume: 109
  start-page: 118
  issue: 1
  year: 2008
  ident: 43_CR126
  publication-title: Anesthesiology
  doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31817b5a9b
– ident: 43_CR54
  doi: 10.1007/s12325-016-0368-8
– volume: 3
  start-page: e014
  issue: 6
  year: 2019
  ident: 43_CR178
  publication-title: J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev
– volume: 99
  start-page: e20042
  issue: 31
  year: 2020
  ident: 43_CR48
  publication-title: Medicine (Baltimore)
  doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000020042
– ident: 43_CR89
  doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181e90914
– volume: 21
  start-page: 357
  issue: 3
  year: 2021
  ident: 43_CR166
  publication-title: Pain Pract
  doi: 10.1111/papr.12953
– ident: 43_CR59
  doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.11.024
– volume: 23
  start-page: 455
  issue: 4
  year: 2010
  ident: 43_CR81
  publication-title: Curr Opin Anaesthesiol
  doi: 10.1097/ACO.0b013e32833b49b3
– volume: 46
  start-page: 251
  year: 2020
  ident: 43_CR135
  publication-title: Reg Anesth Pain Med
  doi: 10.1136/rapm-2020-102040
– ident: 43_CR49
  doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1945-17.2017
– volume: 137
  start-page: 1309
  issue: 4
  year: 2016
  ident: 43_CR36
  publication-title: Plast Reconstr Surg
  doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000002027
– volume: 81
  start-page: 208
  issue: 2
  year: 1998
  ident: 43_CR97
  publication-title: Br J Anaesth
  doi: 10.1093/bja/81.2.208
– volume: 121
  start-page: 1640
  issue: 6
  year: 2015
  ident: 43_CR157
  publication-title: Anesth Analg
  doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000000967
– volume: 406
  start-page: 273
  issue: 2
  year: 2021
  ident: 43_CR155
  publication-title: Langenbecks Arch Surg
  doi: 10.1007/s00423-020-01995-9
– volume: 81
  start-page: 369
  issue: 4
  year: 2015
  ident: 43_CR170
  publication-title: Minerva Anestesiol
– volume: 76
  start-page: 404
  issue: 3
  year: 2021
  ident: 43_CR167
  publication-title: Anaesthesia
  doi: 10.1111/anae.15164
– volume: 66
  start-page: 1464
  issue: 12
  year: 2019
  ident: 43_CR133
  publication-title: Can J Anaesth
  doi: 10.1007/s12630-019-01486-6
– volume: 15
  start-page: 136
  issue: 3
  year: 2015
  ident: 43_CR188
  publication-title: BJA education
  doi: 10.1093/bjaceaccp/mku027
– volume: 03
  start-page: 238
  issue: 131
  year: 2018
  ident: 43_CR26
  publication-title: Neuropharmacology
  doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.12.032
– ident: 43_CR61
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229070
– ident: 43_CR187
  doi: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2017.04.007
– ident: 43_CR93
  doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2007.12.005
– ident: 43_CR102
  doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000004641
– ident: 43_CR186
  doi: 10.1097/00000542-198509000-00011
– ident: 43_CR117
  doi: 10.1097/00000542-200701000-00007
– volume: 45
  start-page: 795
  issue: 7
  year: 2001
  ident: 43_CR23
  publication-title: Acta Anaesthesiol Scand
  doi: 10.1034/j.1399-6576.2001.045007795.x
– ident: 43_CR55
  doi: 10.1002/phar.1518
– ident: 43_CR3
– volume: 135
  start-page: 1091
  issue: 6
  year: 2021
  ident: 43_CR139
  publication-title: Anesthesiology
  doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000003989
– volume: 95
  start-page: 1331
  issue: 11
  year: 2008
  ident: 43_CR121
  publication-title: Br J Surg
  doi: 10.1002/bjs.6375
– volume: 106
  start-page: 305
  issue: 1
  year: 2008
  ident: 43_CR74
  publication-title: Anesth Analg
  doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000297417.05690.31
– ident: 43_CR83
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2008.05835.x
– ident: 43_CR109
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202620
– volume: 38
  start-page: 65
  issue: 1
  year: 2023
  ident: 43_CR2
  publication-title: Randomized Trial J Arthroplasty
  doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2022.08.001
– volume: 12
  start-page: Cd012033
  year: 2018
  ident: 43_CR94
  publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev
– volume: 13
  start-page: 5294
  issue: 5
  year: 2021
  ident: 43_CR132
  publication-title: Am J Transl Res
– volume: 76
  start-page: 100
  issue: Suppl 1
  year: 2021
  ident: 43_CR173
  publication-title: Anaesthesia
  doi: 10.1111/anae.15245
– volume: 249
  start-page: 173
  issue: 1
  year: 2009
  ident: 43_CR8
  publication-title: Ann Surg
  doi: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e31818e4776
– volume: 2015
  start-page: CD003348
  issue: 6
  year: 2015
  ident: 43_CR15
  publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev
– volume: 9
  start-page: 441
  issue: 2
  year: 2020
  ident: 43_CR64
  publication-title: Pain Ther
  doi: 10.1007/s40122-020-00189-x
– ident: 43_CR193
  doi: 10.1093/bja/aep236
– ident: 43_CR91
  doi: 10.1093/bja/aem168
– volume: 9
  start-page: 541
  issue: 5
  year: 1995
  ident: 43_CR125
  publication-title: J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth
  doi: 10.1016/S1053-0770(05)80138-7
– ident: 43_CR90
  doi: 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000806
– volume: 62
  start-page: 31
  issue: 1
  year: 2015
  ident: 43_CR96
  publication-title: Anesth Prog
  doi: 10.2344/0003-3006-62.1.31
– volume: 31
  start-page: 5176
  issue: 12
  year: 2021
  ident: 43_CR165
  publication-title: Obes Surg
  doi: 10.1007/s11695-021-05681-7
– ident: 43_CR62
  doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2013.08.001
– volume: 51
  start-page: 122
  issue: 1
  year: 2007
  ident: 43_CR63
  publication-title: Acta Anaesthesiol Scand
  doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2006.01183.x
– volume: 77
  start-page: 1152
  issue: 10
  year: 2022
  ident: 43_CR163
  publication-title: Anaesthesia
  doi: 10.1111/anae.15823
– ident: 43_CR106
  doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000001226
– volume: 18
  start-page: CD003348
  issue: 4
  year: 2006
  ident: 43_CR24
  publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev
– volume: 6
  start-page: CD007105
  issue: 6
  year: 2018
  ident: 43_CR140
  publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev
– volume: 10
  start-page: 1108
  issue: 9
  year: 2013
  ident: 43_CR172
  publication-title: Int J Med Sci
  doi: 10.7150/ijms.6598
– volume: 37
  start-page: 966
  issue: 6
  year: 2022
  ident: 43_CR67
  publication-title: J Perianesth Nurs
  doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2022.04.008
– ident: 43_CR58
  doi: 10.2217/pmt-2021-0116
– ident: 43_CR37
– volume: 68
  start-page: 3
  issue: 1
  year: 2015
  ident: 43_CR47
  publication-title: Korean J Anesthesiol
  doi: 10.4097/kjae.2015.68.1.3
– ident: 43_CR107
  doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.03.029
– volume: 115
  start-page: 912
  issue: 6
  year: 2015
  ident: 43_CR171
  publication-title: Br J Anaesth
  doi: 10.1093/bja/aev351
– volume: 12
  start-page: 2701
  year: 2019
  ident: 43_CR137
  publication-title: J Pain Res
  doi: 10.2147/JPR.S211944
– volume: 94
  start-page: 2040
  issue: 22
  year: 2012
  ident: 43_CR144
  publication-title: J Bone Joint Surg Am
  doi: 10.2106/JBJS.K.01418
– volume: 11
  start-page: e0150214
  issue: 2
  year: 2016
  ident: 43_CR28
  publication-title: PLoS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150214
– ident: 43_CR78
  doi: 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000257
– ident: 43_CR183
  doi: 10.2147/LRA.S154512
– volume: 13
  start-page: 219
  issue: 3
  year: 2009
  ident: 43_CR20
  publication-title: Eur J Pain
  doi: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2008.04.011
– volume: 90
  start-page: 576
  issue: 2
  year: 1999
  ident: 43_CR21
  publication-title: Anesthesiology
  doi: 10.1097/00000542-199902000-00034
– ident: 43_CR60
– volume: 227
  start-page: 496
  issue: 4
  year: 1998
  ident: 43_CR141
  publication-title: Ann Surg
  doi: 10.1097/00000658-199804000-00008
– volume: 40
  start-page: 62
  year: 2019
  ident: 43_CR154
  publication-title: Int J Obstet Anesth
  doi: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2019.06.002
– volume: 125
  start-page: 979
  issue: 5
  year: 2016
  ident: 43_CR104
  publication-title: Anesthesiology
  doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000001325
– volume: 108
  start-page: 499
  issue: 3
  year: 2012
  ident: 43_CR156
  publication-title: Br J Anaesth
  doi: 10.1093/bja/aer422
– volume: 176
  start-page: 1286
  issue: 9
  year: 2016
  ident: 43_CR29
  publication-title: JAMA Intern Med
  doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.3298
– ident: 43_CR85
  doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2022.10.037
– volume: 45
  start-page: 813
  issue: 10
  year: 2020
  ident: 43_CR142
  publication-title: Reg Anesth Pain Med
  doi: 10.1136/rapm-2020-101402
– volume: 30
  start-page: 516
  issue: 6
  year: 2005
  ident: 43_CR13
  publication-title: Reg Anesth Pain Med
  doi: 10.1097/00115550-200511000-00003
– volume: 107
  start-page: 1742
  issue: 5
  year: 2008
  ident: 43_CR134
  publication-title: Anesth Analg
  doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31817bd11f
– ident: 43_CR99
  doi: 10.1053/eujp.2001.0270
– ident: 43_CR44
  doi: 10.1007/s00238-018-1410-7
– ident: 43_CR189
  doi: 10.1097/AAP.0b013e31825cb3d6
– ident: 43_CR111
  doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000007836
– volume: 15
  start-page: 157
  issue: 2
  year: 2020
  ident: 43_CR98
  publication-title: Anesth Pain Med (Seoul)
  doi: 10.17085/apm.2020.15.2.157
– ident: 43_CR50
– volume: 271
  start-page: 134
  issue: 2
  year: 1994
  ident: 43_CR9
  publication-title: JAMA
  doi: 10.1001/jama.1994.03510260066030
– volume: 121
  start-page: 1092
  issue: 12
  year: 2008
  ident: 43_CR34
  publication-title: Am J Med
  doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.06.035
– volume: 10
  start-page: 2287
  year: 2017
  ident: 43_CR4
  publication-title: J Pain Res
  doi: 10.2147/JPR.S144066
– ident: 43_CR92
  doi: 10.1378/chest.08-0246
– volume: 12
  start-page: 1193
  year: 2019
  ident: 43_CR138
  publication-title: J Pain Res
  doi: 10.2147/JPR.S195702
– volume: 107
  start-page: 123
  issue: 2
  year: 2011
  ident: 43_CR82
  publication-title: Br J Anaesth
  doi: 10.1093/bja/aer221
– volume: 130
  start-page: 472
  issue: 3
  year: 2019
  ident: 43_CR130
  publication-title: Anesthesiology
  doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000002558
– volume: 129
  start-page: 590
  issue: 3
  year: 2018
  ident: 43_CR6
  publication-title: Anesthesiology
  doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000002238
– volume: 65
  start-page: 608
  issue: 6
  year: 2010
  ident: 43_CR176
  publication-title: Anaesthesia
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2009.06231.x
– volume: 2022
  start-page: 1507097
  year: 2022
  ident: 43_CR86
  publication-title: Pain Res Manag
  doi: 10.1155/2022/1507097
– volume: 71
  start-page: 345
  issue: 5
  year: 2018
  ident: 43_CR17
  publication-title: Korean J Anesthesiol
  doi: 10.4097/kja.d.18.00217
– ident: 43_CR184
  doi: 10.2344/0003-3006(2006)53[98:EOLAP]2.0.CO;2
– ident: 43_CR112
  doi: 10.1111/anae.12823
– volume: 129
  start-page: 567
  issue: 2
  year: 2019
  ident: 43_CR32
  publication-title: Anesth Analg
  doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000004194
– volume: 19
  start-page: CD003726
  issue: 3
  year: 2006
  ident: 43_CR19
  publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev
– volume: 56
  start-page: 1024
  issue: 10
  year: 2001
  ident: 43_CR152
  publication-title: Anaesthesia
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2001.2279-40.x
– volume: 94
  start-page: 106111
  year: 2021
  ident: 43_CR146
  publication-title: Int J Surg
  doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2021.106111
– volume: 133
  start-page: 265
  issue: 2
  year: 2020
  ident: 43_CR71
  publication-title: Anesthesiology
  doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000003428
– volume: 2009
  start-page: CD004771
  issue: 2
  year: 2009
  ident: 43_CR39
  publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev
– volume: 97
  start-page: 1078
  issue: 4
  year: 2003
  ident: 43_CR12
  publication-title: Anesth Analg
  doi: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000081722.09164.D5
– volume: 24
  start-page: 469
  issue: 6
  year: 2008
  ident: 43_CR16
  publication-title: Clin J Pain
  doi: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e31816b2f26
– volume: 105
  start-page: 999
  issue: 5
  year: 2006
  ident: 43_CR177
  publication-title: Anesthesiology
  doi: 10.1097/00000542-200611000-00022
– ident: 43_CR33
– volume: 85
  start-page: 308
  issue: 3
  year: 2019
  ident: 43_CR168
  publication-title: Minerva Anestesiol
  doi: 10.23736/S0375-9393.18.13341-4
– ident: 43_CR194
  doi: 10.1136/rapm-2020-101407
– volume: 108
  start-page: 103290
  issue: 8
  year: 2022
  ident: 43_CR179
  publication-title: Orthop Traumatol Surg Res
  doi: 10.1016/j.otsr.2022.103290
– volume: 46
  start-page: 520
  issue: 4
  year: 2017
  ident: 43_CR45
  publication-title: Semin Arthritis Rheum
  doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2016.07.008
– volume: 11
  start-page: e0151332
  issue: 3
  year: 2016
  ident: 43_CR43
  publication-title: PLoS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151332
– volume: 12
  start-page: 50
  issue: 1
  year: 1996
  ident: 43_CR10
  publication-title: Clin J Pain
  doi: 10.1097/00002508-199603000-00009
– ident: 43_CR95
– volume: 152
  start-page: 691
  issue: 7
  year: 2017
  ident: 43_CR30
  publication-title: JAMA Surg
  doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2017.0898
– ident: 43_CR56
  doi: 10.2106/JBJS.RVW.20.00191
– volume: 109
  start-page: 1805
  issue: 6
  year: 2009
  ident: 43_CR128
  publication-title: Anesth Analg
  doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181be371b
– volume: 76
  start-page: 393
  issue: 3
  year: 2021
  ident: 43_CR159
  publication-title: Anaesthesia
  doi: 10.1111/anae.15160
– ident: 43_CR192
  doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000002352
– volume: 43
  start-page: 1121
  issue: 11
  year: 1996
  ident: 43_CR1
  publication-title: Can J Anaesth
  doi: 10.1007/BF03011838
– volume: 85
  start-page: 217
  issue: 1–2
  year: 2000
  ident: 43_CR118
  publication-title: Pain
  doi: 10.1016/S0304-3959(99)00268-7
– volume: 14
  start-page: e0218088
  issue: 8
  year: 2019
  ident: 43_CR105
  publication-title: PLoS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218088
– volume: 2019
  start-page: 4846956
  year: 2019
  ident: 43_CR151
  publication-title: Pain Res Manag
  doi: 10.1155/2019/4846956
– volume: 66
  start-page: 1008
  issue: 10
  year: 1987
  ident: 43_CR129
  publication-title: Anesth Analg
  doi: 10.1213/00000539-198710000-00017
– ident: 43_CR185
  doi: 10.1097/00000542-200301000-00023
– volume: 21
  start-page: 90
  year: 2022
  ident: 43_CR69
  publication-title: Tanaffos
– volume: 11
  start-page: e112540
  issue: 2
  year: 2021
  ident: 43_CR148
  publication-title: Anesth Pain Med
  doi: 10.5812/aapm.112540
– volume: 36
  start-page: 185
  issue: 2
  year: 2011
  ident: 43_CR169
  publication-title: Reg Anesth Pain Med
  doi: 10.1097/AAP.0b013e31820d4349
– volume: 12
  start-page: 280
  year: 2022
  ident: 43_CR31
  publication-title: JTCVS Open
  doi: 10.1016/j.xjon.2022.08.008
– volume: 47
  start-page: 2091
  issue: 12
  year: 2022
  ident: 43_CR41
  publication-title: J Clin Pharm Ther
  doi: 10.1111/jcpt.13755
– volume: 88
  start-page: 173
  issue: 3
  year: 2022
  ident: 43_CR100
  publication-title: Minerva Anestesiol
  doi: 10.23736/S0375-9393.21.15986-3
– volume: 123
  start-page: 28
  issue: 1–2
  year: 2006
  ident: 43_CR22
  publication-title: Pain
  doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2006.02.006
– volume: 123
  start-page: 777
  issue: 6
  year: 2019
  ident: 43_CR103
  publication-title: Br J Anaesth
  doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.07.027
– volume: 55
  start-page: 104
  issue: 2
  year: 2011
  ident: 43_CR131
  publication-title: Indian J Anaesth
  doi: 10.4103/0019-5049.79875
– volume: 43
  start-page: 385
  issue: 4
  year: 2018
  ident: 43_CR136
  publication-title: Reg Anesth Pain Med
  doi: 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000746
– ident: 43_CR52
  doi: 10.1093/bja/aei085
– volume: 119
  start-page: 932
  issue: 4
  year: 2013
  ident: 43_CR123
  publication-title: Anesthesiology
  doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e318297d4a5
– volume: 101
  start-page: e30748
  issue: 38
  year: 2022
  ident: 43_CR40
  publication-title: Medicine (Baltimore)
  doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000030748
– volume: 52
  start-page: 827
  issue: 8
  year: 2005
  ident: 43_CR72
  publication-title: Can J Anaesth
  doi: 10.1007/BF03021777
– volume: 25
  start-page: 824
  issue: 5
  year: 2011
  ident: 43_CR73
  publication-title: J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth
  doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2010.11.017
– ident: 43_CR57
  doi: 10.4212/cjhp.v68i3.1458
– volume: 53
  start-page: 29
  year: 2019
  ident: 43_CR164
  publication-title: J Clin Anesth
  doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2018.09.036
– volume: 114
  start-page: 56
  issue: 1
  year: 2014
  ident: 43_CR35
  publication-title: Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol
  doi: 10.1111/bcpt.12117
– volume: 37
  start-page: 495
  issue: 5
  year: 2012
  ident: 43_CR181
  publication-title: Reg Anesth Pain Med
  doi: 10.1097/AAP.0b013e3182580fd0
– volume: 58
  start-page: 22
  issue: 1
  year: 2011
  ident: 43_CR122
  publication-title: Can J Anaesth
  doi: 10.1007/s12630-010-9407-0
– volume: 100
  start-page: e27661
  issue: 44
  year: 2021
  ident: 43_CR147
  publication-title: Medicine (Baltimore)
  doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000027661
– volume: 86
  start-page: 781
  issue: 4
  year: 1998
  ident: 43_CR7
  publication-title: Anesth Analg
– volume: 32
  start-page: 2734
  issue: 8
  year: 2022
  ident: 43_CR68
  publication-title: Obes Surg
  doi: 10.1007/s11695-022-06109-6
– volume: 48
  start-page: 322
  issue: 3
  year: 2004
  ident: 43_CR76
  publication-title: Acta Anaesthesiol Scand
  doi: 10.1111/j.0001-5172.2004.0329.x
– volume: 119
  start-page: 395
  issue: 2
  year: 2014
  ident: 43_CR158
  publication-title: Anesth Analg
  doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000000284
– ident: 43_CR191
– volume: 14
  start-page: 288
  issue: 2
  year: 2020
  ident: 43_CR180
  publication-title: Anesth Essays Res
  doi: 10.4103/aer.AER_34_20
– ident: 43_CR70
  doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2022.04.017
– volume: 93
  start-page: 858
  issue: 3
  year: 2000
  ident: 43_CR116
  publication-title: Anesthesiology
  doi: 10.1097/00000542-200009000-00038
– ident: 43_CR114
  doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2018.12.014
– volume: 94
  start-page: e1498
  issue: 36
  year: 2015
  ident: 43_CR11
  publication-title: Medicine (Baltimore)
  doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000001498
– ident: 43_CR113
  doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2016.11.012
– volume: 134
  start-page: 72
  issue: 1
  year: 2021
  ident: 43_CR162
  publication-title: Anesthesiology
  doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000003611
– ident: 43_CR79
– ident: 43_CR150
  doi: 10.1213/00000539-199902000-00030
– volume: 98
  start-page: 1050
  issue: 4
  year: 2004
  ident: 43_CR119
  publication-title: Anesth Analg
  doi: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000104582.71710.EE
– volume: 110
  start-page: 191
  issue: 2
  year: 2013
  ident: 43_CR115
  publication-title: Br J Anaesth
  doi: 10.1093/bja/aes431
– volume: 102
  start-page: 1267
  issue: 4
  year: 2006
  ident: 43_CR5
  publication-title: Anesth Analg
  doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000199156.59226.af
– volume: 16
  start-page: 353
  issue: 5
  year: 2011
  ident: 43_CR77
  publication-title: Pain Res Manag
  doi: 10.1155/2011/561604
– ident: 43_CR84
  doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2005.00814.x
– volume: 94
  start-page: 799
  issue: 5
  year: 2001
  ident: 43_CR124
  publication-title: Anesthesiology
  doi: 10.1097/00000542-200105000-00018
– volume: 6
  start-page: 11
  issue: 1
  year: 2012
  ident: 43_CR14
  publication-title: Br J Pain
  doi: 10.1177/2049463712438493
– ident: 43_CR101
  doi: 10.1017/S0265021505000669
– volume: 11
  start-page: e0154004
  issue: 5
  year: 2016
  ident: 43_CR46
  publication-title: PLoS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154004
– volume: 24
  start-page: 787
  issue: 8
  year: 2020
  ident: 43_CR153
  publication-title: Tech Coloproctol
  doi: 10.1007/s10151-020-02206-9
– ident: 43_CR42
  doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.10.049
– volume: 122
  start-page: 1186
  issue: 4
  year: 2016
  ident: 43_CR143
  publication-title: Anesth Analg
  doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000001117
– ident: 43_CR88
  doi: 10.4097/kjae.2015.68.5.476
SSID ssj0002923724
Score 2.3457472
SecondaryResourceType review_article
Snippet Pain in the postoperative period is a common patient experience that can subsequently lead to other postoperative complications if not managed appropriately....
Abstract Pain in the postoperative period is a common patient experience that can subsequently lead to other postoperative complications if not managed...
SourceID doaj
crossref
springer
SourceType Open Website
Enrichment Source
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 1
SubjectTerms Anesthesiology
Critical Care Medicine
Intensive
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Multimodal analgesia
Neurosciences
Pharmacology/Toxicology
Postoperative complications
Postoperative pain
Review Article
Surgery
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  dbid: DOA
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1NS8QwEA2yJy-iqLh-kYM3LW7bbJN4U3FZBMWDC3sQQj4mIOh2ceth_72TpFtWBL14TVOmTKadl-bNG0LOuMadsQ20itLZjBlgmQnMHCYKqYNiuY9swofHajxh99PhdK3VV-CEJXng5LjL0jE7ME4YDkE3RgrPQ8qvKscliKQEijlvbTMVvsEF4hZesLZKJtbKMYxOlqH5WEhdZvm3TBQF-3-chsYkM9omWy06pNfpqXbIBsx2ycsTRkk9h6TRTSMF8L12OE_PQpeOxau-opqmIhRaewpBFkLbJV53dKE9NMswjFCPdrxyWic2yx6ZjO6eb8dZ2xQhs2WZN5lhvvQCc4yBynnPvM4LyIXUIARYLszADA3CfuelBJBOchgA2iwAczEUutwnvVk9gwNCmdXaO8uMzwFxmQ9SZ6IKB5_cWOZtn-QrBynbKoaHxhVvqtM6jk5V6FQVnaryPjnv7pknvYxfZ98Ev3czg9Z1HMAIUG0EqL8ioE8uVqum2hdw8YvNw_-weUQ2C0Q34V9MMTwmvebjE04QnTTmNAbiFxgR3p0
  priority: 102
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
Title Perioperative multimodal analgesia: a review of efficacy and safety of the treatment options
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s44254-023-00043-1
https://doaj.org/article/3d4c0bd8b7e544598f7561066d79e804
Volume 2
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1LS8QwEA6iIF7EJ64vcvCmhT6ybepNl11EWPGg4EEoeUxE0O3i1oMXf7szaVoQRfDSQ5ohMJlkZphvvjB2UijMjA3BKjJrIqFBRJqQOUKmpSLGcufRhNOb_OpeXD8MH0JT2KJDu3clSX9T981uAs1LRCjvO6GzCHOelSHm7mTXo9DjQPdvijFLkYrQIfO76Dcv5Mn6f1RCvYOZbLD1EBnyi3YrN9kSzLbY6jTUvrfZ4y0aSz2HlqqbeyTga21RRM3osY7Fszrnire9KLx2HIgdQpkP_G_5QjloPmgYIz7ew8t53YJadtj9ZHw3uorC2wiRybKkibRwmZPoajTk1jnhVJJCIksFUoIppI71UGP0b11ZApS2LCAGXDMFdMmQqmyXLc_qGewxLoxSzhqhXQIYnjliPJM51T8LbYQzA5Z0uqpMIA6n9yteqp7y2Ou3Qv1WXr9VMmCnvcy8pc34c_YlbUE_kyiv_UD99lSFE1RlVphYW6kLIAKhUrqCYr88t0UJMhYDdtZtYBXO4eKPNff_N_2AraGpEWAnSoeHbLl5e4cjDEcafeytj7756Nin9Pidfo6_AOJc2cg
linkProvider Springer Nature
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1LSwMxEA5SQb2IT6zPHLzpYnc33c1602Kp2hYPLfQghDwmIGi3uPXQf-8kuy74oOA1myEwkzBfdr75Qsh5KvFmrB2tIjY6YApYoBwzh_Eok06x3Ho24WCY9MbsYdKeVDI5rhfmR_3-qmC4qViAVr7_OQ7wprPK8Kbs6HudpFP_T4kQqaQRq_pi_jb9lnu8RP-v-qdPK90tslnhQXpTBnCbrMB0h6wNqor3Lnl-wi2Sz6AU6Kae__eWGzSRU_dER_Eir6mkZQcKzS0Fpwkh9QK_G1pIC_OFG0acR2tSOc1LKsseGXfvRp1eUL2IEOg4DueBYja2HBOMgsRYy6wMIwh5JoFz0ClXLdVWiPmNzTKAzGQptADXjAATMUQy3ieNaT6FA0KZltIazZQNAUGZdTpnPHFVz1RpZnWThF--ErqSC3evVryKWujY-1egf4X3rwib5KK2mZViGUtn37oQ1DOd0LUfwPiL6tyI2DDdUoarFJxsUMZt6hBfkpg0A95iTXL5FUBRnb5iyZqH_5t-RtZ7o0Ff9O-Hj0dkI0JA436_RO1j0pi_f8AJApK5OvU78ROBxtXW
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1LS8QwEA6isHgRn7g-c_CmxW2bbVNvurqsjxUPLuxBCHlMRNB2cevBf-8k7RZFWfCaJg1MEuabzDdfCDlKJUbG2tEqYqMDpoAFyjFzGI8y6RTLrWcTDu-TwYjdjLvjb1X8nu0-S0lWNQ1OpSkvTyfGnjaFbwy3GgvwX74qOg4w_lnCSMUnantJr7lliRC_pBGrq2X-HvrDI3nh_l9ZUe9s-qtkpUaJ9Lxa1jWyAPk6aQ3rPPgGeXrAjVNMoJLtpp4V-FYYHCJz93DH9EWeUUmruhRaWApOKULqT_xu6FRaKD9dM6I_2lDNaVERXDbJqH_12BsE9TsJgY7jsAwUs7Hl6HYUJMZaZmUYQcgzCZyDTrnqqK7CSMDYLAPITJZCB3DOCNA9QyTjLbKYFzlsE8q0lNZopmwICNWsUz_jicuFpkozq9sknNlK6FpE3L1l8Soa-WNvX4H2Fd6-ImyT42bMpJLQmNv7wi1B09PJX_uG4v1Z1KdJxIbpjjJcpeDEhDJuU4cDk8SkGfAOa5OT2QKK-kxO58y587_uh6T1cNkXd9f3t7tkOUKU4-5kou4eWSzfP2AfUUqpDvxG_ALa4t4d
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Perioperative+multimodal+analgesia%3A+a+review+of+efficacy+and+safety+of+the+treatment+options&rft.jtitle=ANESTHESIOLOGY+AND+PERIOPERATIVE+SCIENCE&rft.au=Kianian%2C+Sara&rft.au=Bansal%2C+Jahnvi&rft.au=Lee%2C+Christopher&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Kalissa&rft.date=2024-01-25&rft.pub=Springer+Nature+Singapore&rft.eissn=2731-8389&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs44254-023-00043-1&rft.externalDocID=10_1007_s44254_023_00043_1
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2731-8389&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2731-8389&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2731-8389&client=summon