A Two-stage Multilevel Randomized Response Technique With Proportional Odds Models and Missing Covariates

• Published in: Sociological methods & research Vol. 51; no. 1; pp. 439 - 467
• Main Authors: Hsieh, Shu-Hui, Lee, Shen-Ming, Li, Chin-Shang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Los Angeles, CA SAGE Publications 01.02.2022; SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC
• Subjects: Bias; Foreign Countries; Income; Multiple imputation; Polls & surveys; Privacy; Response Rates (Questionnaires); Response Style (Tests); Simulation; Social change; Surveys; Underreporting; Weighting; Taiwan; missing at random; multiple imputation; inverse probability weighting; Taiwan Social Change Survey; multilevel randomized response technique

Surveys of income are complicated by the sensitive nature of the topic. The problem researchers face is how to encourage participants to respond and to provide truthful responses in surveys. To correct biases induced by nonresponse or underreporting, we propose a two-stage multilevel randomized resp...