Multi-parameter theoretical analysis of wearable energy harvesting backpacks for performance enhancement
•The output power model of a wearable energy harvesting backpack is established.•The multi-parameter theoretical analysis is presented to enhance harvesting performance.•Experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis.•The optimal carried mass and spring stiffness is det...
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| Published in | Mechanical systems and signal processing Vol. 155; p. 107621 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Berlin
Elsevier Ltd
16.06.2021
Elsevier BV |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | •The output power model of a wearable energy harvesting backpack is established.•The multi-parameter theoretical analysis is presented to enhance harvesting performance.•Experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis.•The optimal carried mass and spring stiffness is determined by the total damping.
Wearable energy harvesting technologies show a promising potential in IoT (Internet of Things) and human daily life because of their continuous power supply in place of traditional chemical batteries. However, the coupling effects between mechanical and electrical parameters, as well as human motion features, significantly complicate the performance of wearable energy harvesters. To address this issue, a multi-parameter theoretical analysis is conducted in this paper to improve the performance of an energy harvesting backpack composed of a spring, mass, electromagnetic motor, and rack-pinion-based power takeoff. The analytical equation of the average output power of the energy harvesting backpack is derived as a function of spring stiffness, external resistance, and structural and electrical damping. A comprehensive analytical analysis and numerical simulation are performed based on the average power equation to study the influence of carried mass and walking speed on the energy conversion performance. Experimental tests are implemented for different human subjects, various carried mass, spring stiffness, and electrical resistances to verify the analytical analysis. Theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that the optimal carried mass and external resistance for generating the maximum power output are determined by the total damping of the mechanical system and electrical circuit instead of resonance. Moreover, the sensitivity of power output to the human walking frequency and the carried mass can be reduced by sacrificing the peak output power. The results show that the optimal backpack with a carried mass of 12.95 kg can generate 4 W power at the walking speed of 5.6 km/h. |
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| AbstractList | Wearable energy harvesting technologies show a promising potential in IoT (Internet of Things) and human daily life because of their continuous power supply in place of traditional chemical batteries. However, the coupling effects between mechanical and electrical parameters, as well as human motion features, significantly complicate the performance of wearable energy harvesters. To address this issue, a multi-parameter theoretical analysis is conducted in this paper to improve the performance of an energy harvesting backpack composed of a spring, mass, electromagnetic motor, and rack-pinion-based power takeoff. The analytical equation of the average output power of the energy harvesting backpack is derived as a function of spring stiffness, external resistance, and structural and electrical damping. A comprehensive analytical analysis and numerical simulation are performed based on the average power equation to study the influence of carried mass and walking speed on the energy conversion performance. Experimental tests are implemented for different human subjects, various carried mass, spring stiffness, and electrical resistances to verify the analytical analysis. Theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that the optimal carried mass and external resistance for generating the maximum power output are determined by the total damping of the mechanical system and electrical circuit instead of resonance. Moreover, the sensitivity of power output to the human walking frequency and the carried mass can be reduced by sacrificing the peak output power. The results show that the optimal backpack with a carried mass of 12.95 kg can generate 4 W power at the walking speed of 5.6 km/h. •The output power model of a wearable energy harvesting backpack is established.•The multi-parameter theoretical analysis is presented to enhance harvesting performance.•Experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis.•The optimal carried mass and spring stiffness is determined by the total damping. Wearable energy harvesting technologies show a promising potential in IoT (Internet of Things) and human daily life because of their continuous power supply in place of traditional chemical batteries. However, the coupling effects between mechanical and electrical parameters, as well as human motion features, significantly complicate the performance of wearable energy harvesters. To address this issue, a multi-parameter theoretical analysis is conducted in this paper to improve the performance of an energy harvesting backpack composed of a spring, mass, electromagnetic motor, and rack-pinion-based power takeoff. The analytical equation of the average output power of the energy harvesting backpack is derived as a function of spring stiffness, external resistance, and structural and electrical damping. A comprehensive analytical analysis and numerical simulation are performed based on the average power equation to study the influence of carried mass and walking speed on the energy conversion performance. Experimental tests are implemented for different human subjects, various carried mass, spring stiffness, and electrical resistances to verify the analytical analysis. Theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that the optimal carried mass and external resistance for generating the maximum power output are determined by the total damping of the mechanical system and electrical circuit instead of resonance. Moreover, the sensitivity of power output to the human walking frequency and the carried mass can be reduced by sacrificing the peak output power. The results show that the optimal backpack with a carried mass of 12.95 kg can generate 4 W power at the walking speed of 5.6 km/h. |
| ArticleNumber | 107621 |
| Author | Zuo, Lei Zhang, Ying Huang, Guohui Cao, Junyi Hou, Zehao |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Zehao surname: Hou fullname: Hou, Zehao organization: Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor-Bearing System, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Junyi surname: Cao fullname: Cao, Junyi email: caojy@xjtu.edu.cn organization: Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor-Bearing System, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Guohui surname: Huang fullname: Huang, Guohui organization: Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor-Bearing System, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Ying surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Ying organization: Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor-Bearing System, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China – sequence: 5 givenname: Lei surname: Zuo fullname: Zuo, Lei organization: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA |
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| Keywords | Wearables Backpack energy harvesting Biomechanical energy Multi-parameter coupling effect Vibration analysis |
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| Snippet | •The output power model of a wearable energy harvesting backpack is established.•The multi-parameter theoretical analysis is presented to enhance harvesting... Wearable energy harvesting technologies show a promising potential in IoT (Internet of Things) and human daily life because of their continuous power supply in... |
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| SubjectTerms | Backpack energy harvesting Backpacks Biomechanical energy Circuits Damping Energy Energy conversion Energy harvesting Human motion Internet of Things Maximum power Mechanical systems Multi-parameter coupling effect Parameters Performance enhancement Stiffness Vibration analysis Walking Wearable technology Wearables |
| Title | Multi-parameter theoretical analysis of wearable energy harvesting backpacks for performance enhancement |
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