Warm Spray Forming of Ti-6Al-4V
Warm spray (WS) is a modification of high-velocity oxy-fuel spraying, in which the temperature of the supersonic gas flow generated by the combustion of kerosene and oxygen is controlled by diluting the combustion flame with an inert gas such as nitrogen. The inert gas is injected into the mixing ch...
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| Published in | Journal of thermal spray technology Vol. 23; no. 1-2; pp. 197 - 212 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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Boston
Springer US
2014
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| Abstract | Warm spray (WS) is a modification of high-velocity oxy-fuel spraying, in which the temperature of the supersonic gas flow generated by the combustion of kerosene and oxygen is controlled by diluting the combustion flame with an inert gas such as nitrogen. The inert gas is injected into the mixing chamber placed between the combustion chamber and the powder feed ports, thus the temperature of the propellant gas can be controlled from ~700 to 2,000 K. Since WS allows for higher particle temperatures in comparison to cold spray, warm sprayed particles are more softened upon impact, thus resulting in greater deformation facilitating the formation of shear instability for bonding. Recently, the combustion pressure of WS has been increased from 1 (low-pressure warm spray) to 4 MPa (high-pressure warm spray) in order to increase the velocity of sprayed particles. Effects of spray parameters on microstructure, mechanical properties, and splats formation of Ti-6Al-4V were systematically studied. Obtained coatings were examined by analyzing the coating cross-section images, microhardness as well as oxygen content. In addition, flattening ratio of splats was calculated as a function of nitrogen flow rate. It was found that the increased particle velocity caused by the increased combustion pressure had significant beneficial effects in terms of improving density and controlling the oxygen level in the sprayed Ti-6Al-4V coatings. |
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| AbstractList | Warm spray (WS) is a modification of high-velocity oxy-fuel spraying, in which the temperature of the supersonic gas flow generated by the combustion of kerosene and oxygen is controlled by diluting the combustion flame with an inert gas such as nitrogen. The inert gas is injected into the mixing chamber placed between the combustion chamber and the powder feed ports, thus the temperature of the propellant gas can be controlled from ~700 to 2,000 K. Since WS allows for higher particle temperatures in comparison to cold spray, warm sprayed particles are more softened upon impact, thus resulting in greater deformation facilitating the formation of shear instability for bonding. Recently, the combustion pressure of WS has been increased from 1 (low-pressure warm spray) to 4 MPa (high-pressure warm spray) in order to increase the velocity of sprayed particles. Effects of spray parameters on microstructure, mechanical properties, and splats formation of Ti-6Al-4V were systematically studied. Obtained coatings were examined by analyzing the coating cross-section images, microhardness as well as oxygen content. In addition, flattening ratio of splats was calculated as a function of nitrogen flow rate. It was found that the increased particle velocity caused by the increased combustion pressure had significant beneficial effects in terms of improving density and controlling the oxygen level in the sprayed Ti-6Al-4V coatings. |
| Author | Molak, R. M. Watanabe, M. Ohno, N. Araki, H. Katanoda, H. Kuroda, S. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: R. M. surname: Molak fullname: Molak, R. M. email: molak.rafalmaksymilian@nims.go.jp, rmolak@inmat.pw.edu.pl organization: National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering – sequence: 2 givenname: H. surname: Araki fullname: Araki, H. organization: National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) – sequence: 3 givenname: M. surname: Watanabe fullname: Watanabe, M. organization: National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) – sequence: 4 givenname: H. surname: Katanoda fullname: Katanoda, H. organization: Kagoshima University – sequence: 5 givenname: N. surname: Ohno fullname: Ohno, N. organization: Plasma Giken Co., Ltd – sequence: 6 givenname: S. surname: Kuroda fullname: Kuroda, S. organization: National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) |
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| Snippet | Warm spray (WS) is a modification of high-velocity oxy-fuel spraying, in which the temperature of the supersonic gas flow generated by the combustion of... |
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| SubjectTerms | Analytical Chemistry Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Chemistry and Materials Science Corrosion and Coatings Machines Manufacturing Materials Science Peer Reviewed Processes Surfaces and Interfaces Thin Films Tribology |
| Title | Warm Spray Forming of Ti-6Al-4V |
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