Public or private? Optimal organization for incentive-based travel demand management

• Published in: Transportation research. Part E, Logistics and transportation review Vol. 174; p. 103137
• Main Authors: Wu, Jiyan, Tian, Ye, Sun, Jian, Michael Zhang, H., Wang, Yunpeng
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01.06.2023
• Subjects: Bottleneck model; Elastic demand; Incentives; Market penetration; Public and private organizations; Travel demand management; Public and private organizations; Travel demand management; Incentives; Elastic demand; Bottleneck model; Market penetration

•When commuters are relatively sensitive to travel costs, a low budget and penetration rate are enough to maximize social surplus and private profit.•Incentives can effectively alleviate traffic congestion, but excessive budget leads to a loss of utility.•Private incentive schemes are more lightweig...