Assessing long-term conservation impacts on adaptive capacity in a flagship community-based natural resources management area in Botswana

Over the past three decades community-based natural resources management (CBNRM) has sought to address the concurrent needs of economic development and ecological protection at the local level, but there is often strong divergence between development and conservation interests and successes. In part...

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Published inEcology and society Vol. 28; no. 4; p. 12
Main Authors Cassidy, Lin, Pricope, Narcisa, Stevens, Forrest, Salerno, Jonathan, Parry, David, Murray-Hudson, Michael, Hartter, Joel, Gaughan, Andrea
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Ottawa Resilience Alliance 01.12.2023
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Abstract Over the past three decades community-based natural resources management (CBNRM) has sought to address the concurrent needs of economic development and ecological protection at the local level, but there is often strong divergence between development and conservation interests and successes. In particular, CBNRM has not always led to expected socioeconomic outcomes, while information of its impact on human well-being at household level is sparse. In Botswana, most communities do not disburse benefits from CBNRM ventures to households. This leads to an inherent scale mismatch that arises because the costs of living with wildlife are felt at the household level, while the benefits are paid out at the community or village level. We use longitudinal data from two household surveys conducted 22 years apart to assess if benefits from the Botswana model of CBNRM have increased household-level adaptive capacity for those living with wildlife. We take a livelihoods capital approach to develop indicators of adaptive capacity and measure how livelihood diversity, inequality, and adaptive capacity have changed in five communities in northern Botswana between 1995 and 2017. Our analyses confirm the findings of qualitative reviews and suggest that CBNRM is under-performing in its contribution to improved household-level adaptive capacity. CBNRM cannot be said to benefit communities if the majority of community members do not experience increased well-being. We therefore recommend restructuring the governance models of CBNRM and other community conservation approaches to ensure that benefits are more directly targeted to actively participating households.
AbstractList Over the past three decades community-based natural resources management (CBNRM) has sought to address the concurrent needs of economic development and ecological protection at the local level, but there is often strong divergence between development and conservation interests and successes. In particular, CBNRM has not always led to expected socioeconomic outcomes, while information of its impact on human well-being at household level is sparse. In Botswana, most communities do not disburse benefits from CBNRM ventures to households. This leads to an inherent scale mismatch that arises because the costs of living with wildlife are felt at the household level, while the benefits are paid out at the community or village level. We use longitudinal data from two household surveys conducted 22 years apart to assess if benefits from the Botswana model of CBNRM have increased household-level adaptive capacity for those living with wildlife. We take a livelihoods capital approach to develop indicators of adaptive capacity and measure how livelihood diversity, inequality, and adaptive capacity have changed in five communities in northern Botswana between 1995 and 2017. Our analyses confirm the findings of qualitative reviews and suggest that CBNRM is under-performing in its contribution to improved household-level adaptive capacity. CBNRM cannot be said to benefit communities if the majority of community members do not experience increased well-being. We therefore recommend restructuring the governance models of CBNRM and other community conservation approaches to ensure that benefits are more directly targeted to actively participating households.
ArticleNumber art12
Author Pricope, Narcisa
Salerno, Jonathan
Gaughan, Andrea
Hartter, Joel
Parry, David
Stevens, Forrest
Murray-Hudson, Michael
Cassidy, Lin
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Snippet Over the past three decades community-based natural resources management (CBNRM) has sought to address the concurrent needs of economic development and...
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SubjectTerms Benefits
Community
Community support
community-based conservation
Conservation
Cost of living
Costs
Economic development
governance
Households
human well-being
Natural resource management
Natural resources
Qualitative analysis
Resource management
rural livelihoods
scale mismatch
Socioeconomic factors
Tourism
Wildlife
Wildlife conservation
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