Tunable mirolens array with a large fill-factor: Self-assembly fabrication and electrodrodynamic actuation
•A high-density (fill-factor 98%) tunable microlens array was constructed.•Diverse substrates (rigid/flexible), without strict geometrical limit, were used.•Sag heights were controlled by pulling velocity and template at room temperature.•TMLA with electrodynamic force showed a four-fold varifocal c...
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| Published in | Sensors and actuators. A. Physical. Vol. 240; pp. 85 - 91 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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Elsevier B.V
01.04.2016
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| Abstract | •A high-density (fill-factor 98%) tunable microlens array was constructed.•Diverse substrates (rigid/flexible), without strict geometrical limit, were used.•Sag heights were controlled by pulling velocity and template at room temperature.•TMLA with electrodynamic force showed a four-fold varifocal capability in 50ms.
Because a tunable microlens can focus the incident light and shift the focal point, a tunable microlens array (TMLA) with a large fill-factor was fabricated by a self-assembly method. Interestingly, each microcavity was filled completely with a liquid droplet, forming a hemispherical profile by capillary forces. The TMLA had a large fill-factor of up to 98% and various sag heights. Moreover, when a gated square-wave voltage was applied, the focal length of TMLA could be tuned from the initial 540μm to 140μm by electrohydrodynamic force simultaneously; both of the rise and decay time were within 50ms. These results indicate that this novel method can construct TMLA with a large fill-factor, thus providing a new perspective towards portability, miniaturization, and low-cost applications. |
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| AbstractList | Because a tunable microlens can focus the incident light and shift the focal point, a tunable microlens array (TMLA) with a large fill-factor was fabricated by a self-assembly method. Interestingly, each microcavity was filled completely with a liquid droplet, forming a hemispherical profile by capillary forces. The TMLA had a large fill-factor of up to 98% and various sag heights. Moreover, when a gated square-wave voltage was applied, the focal length of TMLA could be tuned from the initial 540 mu m to 140 mu m by electrohydrodynamic force simultaneously; both of the rise and decay time were within 50 ms. These results indicate that this novel method can construct TMLA with a large fill-factor, thus providing a new perspective towards portability, miniaturization, and low-cost applications. •A high-density (fill-factor 98%) tunable microlens array was constructed.•Diverse substrates (rigid/flexible), without strict geometrical limit, were used.•Sag heights were controlled by pulling velocity and template at room temperature.•TMLA with electrodynamic force showed a four-fold varifocal capability in 50ms. Because a tunable microlens can focus the incident light and shift the focal point, a tunable microlens array (TMLA) with a large fill-factor was fabricated by a self-assembly method. Interestingly, each microcavity was filled completely with a liquid droplet, forming a hemispherical profile by capillary forces. The TMLA had a large fill-factor of up to 98% and various sag heights. Moreover, when a gated square-wave voltage was applied, the focal length of TMLA could be tuned from the initial 540μm to 140μm by electrohydrodynamic force simultaneously; both of the rise and decay time were within 50ms. These results indicate that this novel method can construct TMLA with a large fill-factor, thus providing a new perspective towards portability, miniaturization, and low-cost applications. |
| Author | Zhu, Yongkai Wang, Lanlan Liu, Hongzhong Li, Rui Yin, Lei Jiang, Weitao Shi, Yongsheng |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Rui surname: Li fullname: Li, Rui organization: State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Lanlan surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Lanlan organization: State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Hongzhong surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Hongzhong email: hzliu@mail.xjtu.edu.cn organization: State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Weitao surname: Jiang fullname: Jiang, Weitao email: wtjiang@mail.xjtu.edu.cn organization: State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China – sequence: 5 givenname: Yongsheng surname: Shi fullname: Shi, Yongsheng organization: State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China – sequence: 6 givenname: Lei surname: Yin fullname: Yin, Lei organization: State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China – sequence: 7 givenname: Yongkai surname: Zhu fullname: Zhu, Yongkai organization: College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_sna_2022_113584 crossref_primary_10_1039_D1QM00519G crossref_primary_10_1016_j_optcom_2018_07_023 crossref_primary_10_1039_D2RA01109C crossref_primary_10_1039_C6RA18559B crossref_primary_10_1063_5_0019444 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1063/1.2393038 10.1039/c2lc90022j 10.1364/OE.17.024183 10.1364/OL.36.002032 10.1364/BOE.2.002035 10.1063/1.1573337 10.1007/BF02899322 10.1364/JOSAA.2.001273 10.1038/38699 10.1116/1.590979 10.1021/ie50320a024 10.1016/0021-9797(75)90225-8 10.1088/1464-4258/8/7/S18 10.1364/OE.14.011292 10.1038/nphoton.2008.198 10.1038/nature05024 10.1109/JDT.2009.2013874 10.1016/S0022-3093(05)80653-2 10.1016/0021-9797(90)90256-N 10.1364/OPEX.12.002494 10.1146/annurev.fluid.29.1.27 10.1088/0960-1317/24/12/125012 10.1016/0009-2509(92)85123-S 10.1088/1748-3182/1/1/R01 10.1364/OE.15.011922 |
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| SubjectTerms | Actuation Arrays Decay Droplets Electric potential Electrohydrodynamic Microcavities Microcavity array Miniaturization Sag heights Self assembly Tunable microlens array Varifocal ability |
| Title | Tunable mirolens array with a large fill-factor: Self-assembly fabrication and electrodrodynamic actuation |
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