Targeting mitochondria in the regulation of neurodegenerative diseases: A comprehensive review

• Published in: Journal of neuroscience research Vol. 100; no. 10; pp. 1845 - 1861
• Main Authors: Maurya, Shashank Kumar, Gupta, Suchi, Bakshi, Amrita, Kaur, Harpreet, Jain, Arushi, Senapati, Sabyasachi, Baghel, Meghraj Singh
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.10.2022
• Subjects: Alzheimer's disease; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Brain; Cell death; Cell survival; CNS disease; Epigenetics; Gene expression; Homeostasis; Inflammation; Metabolism; Mitochondria; Movement disorders; Multiple sclerosis; Mutation; Neurodegeneration; Neurodegenerative diseases; neuroinflammation; neurons; Organelles; Parkinson's disease; Reactive oxygen species; Redox reactions; Therapeutic targets
• ISSN: 0360-4012; 1097-4547
• DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25110

Mitochondria are one of the essential cellular organelles. Apart from being considered as the powerhouse of the cell, mitochondria have been widely known to regulate redox reaction, inflammation, cell survival, cell death, metabolism, etc., and are implicated in the progression of numerous disease conditions including neurodegenerative diseases. Since brain is an energy‐demanding organ, mitochondria and their functions are important for maintaining normal brain homeostasis. Alterations in mitochondrial gene expression, mutations, and epigenetic modification contribute to inflammation and neurodegeneration. Dysregulation of reactive oxygen species production by mitochondria and aggregation of proteins in neurons leads to alteration in mitochondria functions which further causes neuronal death and progression of neurodegeneration. Pharmacological studies have prioritized mitochondria as a possible drug target in the regulation of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the present review article has been intended to provide a comprehensive understanding of mitochondrial role in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases mainly Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis followed by possible intervention and future treatment strategies to combat mitochondrial‐mediated neurodegeneration.