Interspecies Semiotics and the Specter of Taboo: The Perception and Interpretation of Dogs and Rabies in Bali, Indonesia

ABSTRACT The anthropological fields of ethnobiology and ethnoscience, in their analysis of indigenous environmental knowledge, have largely focused on forms of conceptual knowledge such as biological terms and taxonomic categories. However, their examination of subjects’ environmental knowledge does...

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Published inAmerican anthropologist Vol. 118; no. 1; pp. 67 - 77
Main Author Orr, Yancey
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Oxford Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.03.2016
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Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0002-7294
1548-1433
DOI10.1111/aman.12448

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Abstract ABSTRACT The anthropological fields of ethnobiology and ethnoscience, in their analysis of indigenous environmental knowledge, have largely focused on forms of conceptual knowledge such as biological terms and taxonomic categories. However, their examination of subjects’ environmental knowledge does not explicitly address how subjects relate to their environment through varied cognitive and phenomenal mechanisms. By including other types of knowledge, such as perceptual acuity and interpretive range, differences in indigenous knowledge and the processes that shape such knowledge may be better understood. In this article, I report the results of experiments comparing the abilities of Hindus and Muslims in Bali to discern the differences in dog vocalizations and to diagnose the presence of rabies in dogs. The results highlight the importance of a negative symbolic association, the Muslim taboo on interaction with dogs, which constrains both perceptions of dogs and interpretations of the animal's behavior. Evidence for significant variation in a subject's perceptions of dog vocalizations provides greater context to prior studies that found a common ability to understand the vocalizations of dogs. Such differences, combined with the restriction of a subject's interpretative range and depth in analyzing the presence of rabies, illustrate how symbolic systems can induce a form of what psychologists refer to as “perceptual narrowing.” RESUMEN Los campos antropológicos de la etnobiología y la etnociencia, en sus análisis del conocimiento ambiental indígena, por largo tiempo se han concentrado en formas conceptuales del conocimiento tales como términos biológicos y categorías taxonómicas. Sin embargo, su análisis del conocimiento ambiental de los sujetos no aborda explícitamente cómo los sujetos se relacionan con su ambiente a través de mecanismos cognitivos variados y fenoménicos. Al incluir otros tipos de conocimiento, tales como agudeza perceptual y ámbito interpretativo, las diferencias en el conocimiento indígena, y los procesos que estructuran tal conocimiento pueden ser mejor entendidos. En este artículo, presento los resultados de los experimentos que comparan las habilidades de Hindúes y Musulmanes en Bali para discernir las diferencias en las vocalizaciones de los animales y diagnosticar la presencia de hidrofobia en perros. Los resultados resaltan la importancia de una asociación simbólica negativa, el tabú musulmán en la interacción con perros, el cual constriñe tanto las percepciones sobre los perros como la interpretación de la conducta de los animales. Evidencia de la variación significativa en las percepciones de un sujeto sobre las vocalizaciones de los perros provee un mayor contexto a los estudios previos que encontraron una habilidad común para entender las vocalizaciones de los perros. Tales diferencias, combinadas con la restricción del ámbito interpretativo de un sujeto y la profundidad en el análisis de la presencia de hidrofobia, ilustran cómo los sistemas simbólicos pueden inducir una forma de lo que los sicólogos denominan “estrechamiento perceptual.”
AbstractList ABSTRACT The anthropological fields of ethnobiology and ethnoscience, in their analysis of indigenous environmental knowledge, have largely focused on forms of conceptual knowledge such as biological terms and taxonomic categories. However, their examination of subjects’ environmental knowledge does not explicitly address how subjects relate to their environment through varied cognitive and phenomenal mechanisms. By including other types of knowledge, such as perceptual acuity and interpretive range, differences in indigenous knowledge and the processes that shape such knowledge may be better understood. In this article, I report the results of experiments comparing the abilities of Hindus and Muslims in Bali to discern the differences in dog vocalizations and to diagnose the presence of rabies in dogs. The results highlight the importance of a negative symbolic association, the Muslim taboo on interaction with dogs, which constrains both perceptions of dogs and interpretations of the animal's behavior. Evidence for significant variation in a subject's perceptions of dog vocalizations provides greater context to prior studies that found a common ability to understand the vocalizations of dogs. Such differences, combined with the restriction of a subject's interpretative range and depth in analyzing the presence of rabies, illustrate how symbolic systems can induce a form of what psychologists refer to as “perceptual narrowing.” RESUMEN Los campos antropológicos de la etnobiología y la etnociencia, en sus análisis del conocimiento ambiental indígena, por largo tiempo se han concentrado en formas conceptuales del conocimiento tales como términos biológicos y categorías taxonómicas. Sin embargo, su análisis del conocimiento ambiental de los sujetos no aborda explícitamente cómo los sujetos se relacionan con su ambiente a través de mecanismos cognitivos variados y fenoménicos. Al incluir otros tipos de conocimiento, tales como agudeza perceptual y ámbito interpretativo, las diferencias en el conocimiento indígena, y los procesos que estructuran tal conocimiento pueden ser mejor entendidos. En este artículo, presento los resultados de los experimentos que comparan las habilidades de Hindúes y Musulmanes en Bali para discernir las diferencias en las vocalizaciones de los animales y diagnosticar la presencia de hidrofobia en perros. Los resultados resaltan la importancia de una asociación simbólica negativa, el tabú musulmán en la interacción con perros, el cual constriñe tanto las percepciones sobre los perros como la interpretación de la conducta de los animales. Evidencia de la variación significativa en las percepciones de un sujeto sobre las vocalizaciones de los perros provee un mayor contexto a los estudios previos que encontraron una habilidad común para entender las vocalizaciones de los perros. Tales diferencias, combinadas con la restricción del ámbito interpretativo de un sujeto y la profundidad en el análisis de la presencia de hidrofobia, ilustran cómo los sistemas simbólicos pueden inducir una forma de lo que los sicólogos denominan “estrechamiento perceptual.”
The anthropological fields of ethnobiology and ethnoscience, in their analysis of indigenous environmental knowledge, have largely focused on forms of conceptual knowledge such as biological terms and taxonomic categories. However, their examination of subjects' environmental knowledge does not explicitly address how subjects relate to their environment through varied cognitive and phenomenal mechanisms. By including other types of knowledge, such as perceptual acuity and interpretive range, differences in indigenous knowledge and the processes that shape such knowledge may be better understood. In this article, I report the results of experiments comparing the abilities of Hindus and Muslims in Bali to discern the differences in dog vocalizations and to diagnose the presence of rabies in dogs. The results highlight the importance of a negative symbolic association, the Muslim taboo on interaction with dogs, which constrains both perceptions of dogs and interpretations of the animal's behavior. Evidence for significant variation in a subject's perceptions of dog vocalizations provides greater context to prior studies that found a common ability to understand the vocalizations of dogs. Such differences, combined with the restriction of a subject's interpretative range and depth in analyzing the presence of rabies, illustrate how symbolic systems can induce a form of what psychologists refer to as "perceptual narrowing." RESUMEN Los campos antropológicos de la etnobiología y la etnociencia, en sus análisis del conocimiento ambiental indígena, por largo tiempo se han concentrado en formas conceptuales del conocimiento tales como términos biológicos y categorías taxonómicas. Sin embargo, su análisis del conocimiento ambiental de los sujetos no aborda explícitamente cómo los sujetos se relacionan con su ambiente a través de mecanismos cognitivos variados y fenoménicos. Al incluir otros tipos de conocimiento, tales como agudeza perceptual y ámbito interpretativo, las diferencias en el conocimiento indígena, y los procesos que estructuran tal conocimiento pueden ser mejor entendidos. En este artículo, presento los resultados de los experimentos que comparan las habilidades de Hindúes y Musulmanes en Bali para discernir las diferencias en las vocalizaciones de los animales y diagnosticar la presencia de hidrofobia en perros. Los resultados resaltan la importancia de una asociación simbólica negativa, el tabú musulmán en la interacción con perros, el cual constriñe tanto las percepciones sobre los perros como la interpretación de la conducta de los animales. Evidencia de la variación significativa en las percepciones de un sujeto sobre las vocalizaciones de los perros provee un mayor contexto a los estudios previos que encontraron una habilidad común para entender las vocalizaciones de los perros. Tales diferencias, combinadas con la restricción del ámbito interpretativo de un sujeto y la profundidad en el análisis de la presencia de hidrofobia, ilustran cómo los sistemas simbólicos pueden inducir una forma de lo que los sicólogos denominan "estrechamiento perceptual."
The anthropological fields of ethnobiology and ethnoscience, in their analysis of indigenous environmental knowledge, have largely focused on forms of conceptual knowledge such as biological terms and taxonomic categories. However, their examination of subjects’ environmental knowledge does not explicitly address how subjects relate to their environment through varied cognitive and phenomenal mechanisms. By including other types of knowledge, such as perceptual acuity and interpretive range, differences in indigenous knowledge and the processes that shape such knowledge may be better understood. In this article, I report the results of experiments comparing the abilities of Hindus and Muslims in Bali to discern the differences in dog vocalizations and to diagnose the presence of rabies in dogs. The results highlight the importance of a negative symbolic association, the Muslim taboo on interaction with dogs, which constrains both perceptions of dogs and interpretations of the animal's behavior. Evidence for significant variation in a subject's perceptions of dog vocalizations provides greater context to prior studies that found a common ability to understand the vocalizations of dogs. Such differences, combined with the restriction of a subject's interpretative range and depth in analyzing the presence of rabies, illustrate how symbolic systems can induce a form of what psychologists refer to as “perceptual narrowing.” Los campos antropológicos de la etnobiología y la etnociencia, en sus análisis del conocimiento ambiental indígena, por largo tiempo se han concentrado en formas conceptuales del conocimiento tales como términos biológicos y categorías taxonómicas. Sin embargo, su análisis del conocimiento ambiental de los sujetos no aborda explícitamente cómo los sujetos se relacionan con su ambiente a través de mecanismos cognitivos variados y fenoménicos. Al incluir otros tipos de conocimiento, tales como agudeza perceptual y ámbito interpretativo, las diferencias en el conocimiento indígena, y los procesos que estructuran tal conocimiento pueden ser mejor entendidos. En este artículo, presento los resultados de los experimentos que comparan las habilidades de Hindúes y Musulmanes en Bali para discernir las diferencias en las vocalizaciones de los animales y diagnosticar la presencia de hidrofobia en perros. Los resultados resaltan la importancia de una asociación simbólica negativa, el tabú musulmán en la interacción con perros, el cual constriñe tanto las percepciones sobre los perros como la interpretación de la conducta de los animales. Evidencia de la variación significativa en las percepciones de un sujeto sobre las vocalizaciones de los perros provee un mayor contexto a los estudios previos que encontraron una habilidad común para entender las vocalizaciones de los perros. Tales diferencias, combinadas con la restricción del ámbito interpretativo de un sujeto y la profundidad en el análisis de la presencia de hidrofobia, ilustran cómo los sistemas simbólicos pueden inducir una forma de lo que los sicólogos denominan “estrechamiento perceptual.”
Author Orr, Yancey
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Snippet ABSTRACT The anthropological fields of ethnobiology and ethnoscience, in their analysis of indigenous environmental knowledge, have largely focused on forms of...
The anthropological fields of ethnobiology and ethnoscience, in their analysis of indigenous environmental knowledge, have largely focused on forms of...
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SubjectTerms Anthropology
antropología ambiental
Conceptual knowledge
Cultural anthropology
Dogs
environmental anthropology
formación del conocimiento
Hinduism
Hindus
human–animal interactions
Indigenous peoples
interacciones humano‐ambientales
Knowledge
knowledge formation
Local knowledge
Muslims
Native peoples
percepción
perception
Perceptions
Psychologists
Rabies
Semiotics
Sociology
taboo
Taboos
tabú
Title Interspecies Semiotics and the Specter of Taboo: The Perception and Interpretation of Dogs and Rabies in Bali, Indonesia
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https://www.proquest.com/docview/1776702907
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1922337655
Volume 118
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