Twin-enhanced magnetic torque
•Anisotropies of twin microstructure, magnetism, and shape create magnetic torque.•Twin microstructures with low magnetic energy produce large magnetic torque.•Magnetic torque and magnetic field orientation exhibit a bifurcation. Magnetic shape memory alloys experience magnetic-field-induced torque...
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Published in | Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials Vol. 458; pp. 183 - 192 |
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Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Amsterdam
Elsevier B.V
15.07.2018
Elsevier BV |
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Abstract | •Anisotropies of twin microstructure, magnetism, and shape create magnetic torque.•Twin microstructures with low magnetic energy produce large magnetic torque.•Magnetic torque and magnetic field orientation exhibit a bifurcation.
Magnetic shape memory alloys experience magnetic-field-induced torque due to magnetocrystalline anisotropy and shape anisotropy. In a homogeneous magnetic field, torque results in bending of long samples. This study investigates the torque on a single crystal of Ni-Mn-Ga magnetic shape memory alloy constrained with respect to bending in an external magnetic field. The dependence of the torque on external magnetic field magnitude, strain, and twin boundary structure was studied experimentally and with computer simulations. With increasing magnetic field, the torque increased until it reached a maximum near 700 mT. Above 200 mT, the torque was not symmetric about the equilibrium orientation for a sample with one twin boundary. The torque on two specimen with equal strain but different twin boundary structures varied systematically with the spatial arrangement of crystallographic twins. Numerical simulations show that twin boundaries suppress the formation of 180° domains if the direction of easy magnetization between two twin boundaries is parallel to a free surface and the magnetic field is perpendicular to that surface. For a particular twin microstructure, the torque decreases with increasing strain by a factor of six due to the mutual compensation of magnetocrystalline and shape anisotropy. When free rotation is suppressed such as in transducers of magneto-mechanical actuators, magnetic-field-induced torque creates strong bending forces, which may cause friction and failure under cyclic loading. |
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AbstractList | •Anisotropies of twin microstructure, magnetism, and shape create magnetic torque.•Twin microstructures with low magnetic energy produce large magnetic torque.•Magnetic torque and magnetic field orientation exhibit a bifurcation.
Magnetic shape memory alloys experience magnetic-field-induced torque due to magnetocrystalline anisotropy and shape anisotropy. In a homogeneous magnetic field, torque results in bending of long samples. This study investigates the torque on a single crystal of Ni-Mn-Ga magnetic shape memory alloy constrained with respect to bending in an external magnetic field. The dependence of the torque on external magnetic field magnitude, strain, and twin boundary structure was studied experimentally and with computer simulations. With increasing magnetic field, the torque increased until it reached a maximum near 700 mT. Above 200 mT, the torque was not symmetric about the equilibrium orientation for a sample with one twin boundary. The torque on two specimen with equal strain but different twin boundary structures varied systematically with the spatial arrangement of crystallographic twins. Numerical simulations show that twin boundaries suppress the formation of 180° domains if the direction of easy magnetization between two twin boundaries is parallel to a free surface and the magnetic field is perpendicular to that surface. For a particular twin microstructure, the torque decreases with increasing strain by a factor of six due to the mutual compensation of magnetocrystalline and shape anisotropy. When free rotation is suppressed such as in transducers of magneto-mechanical actuators, magnetic-field-induced torque creates strong bending forces, which may cause friction and failure under cyclic loading. Magnetic shape memory alloys experience magnetic-field-induced torque due to magnetocrystalline anisotropy and shape anisotropy. In a homogeneous magnetic field, torque results in bending of long samples. This study investigates the torque on a single crystal of Ni-Mn-Ga magnetic shape memory alloy constrained with respect to bending in an external magnetic field. The dependence of the torque on external magnetic field magnitude, strain, and twin boundary structure was studied experimentally and with computer simulations. With increasing magnetic field, the torque increased until it reached a maximum near 700 mT. Above 200 mT, the torque was not symmetric about the equilibrium orientation for a sample with one twin boundary. The torque on two specimen with equal strain but different twin boundary structures varied systematically with the spatial arrangement of crystallographic twins. Numerical simulations show that twin boundaries suppress the formation of 180° domains if the direction of easy magnetization between two twin boundaries is parallel to a free surface and the magnetic field is perpendicular to that surface. For a particular twin microstructure, the torque decreases with increasing strain by a factor of six due to the mutual compensation of magnetocrystalline and shape anisotropy. When free rotation is suppressed such as in transducers of magneto-mechanical actuators, magnetic-field-induced torque creates strong bending forces, which may cause friction and failure under cyclic loading. |
Author | García-Cervera, Carlos J. Müllner, Peter Hobza, Anthony |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Anthony surname: Hobza fullname: Hobza, Anthony organization: Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, United States – sequence: 2 givenname: Carlos J. surname: García-Cervera fullname: García-Cervera, Carlos J. organization: Department of Mathematics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States – sequence: 3 givenname: Peter surname: Müllner fullname: Müllner, Peter email: petermullner@boisestate.edu organization: Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, United States |
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Cites_doi | 10.1179/1743284714Y.0000000599 10.1007/s40830-017-0106-3 10.1080/14786430500363858 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.134410 10.1063/1.2748356 10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.11.067 10.1016/j.actamat.2015.05.030 10.1016/S1359-6462(01)01061-2 10.1016/j.jmmm.2010.09.013 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2011.01.025 10.1109/TMAG.2003.810610 10.1016/j.actamat.2010.04.032 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3951(199807)208:13.0.CO;2-4 10.1109/TMAG.2002.803567 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2012.08.014 10.1063/1.373136 10.1063/1.2737934 10.1177/1045389X07086688 10.1063/1.1513875 10.1140/epjst/e2008-00657-3 10.1140/epjst/e2008-00663-5 10.1006/jcph.2001.6793 10.1063/1.2740328 |
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Appl. Phys. doi: 10.1063/1.2740328 contributor: fullname: Paul |
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Snippet | •Anisotropies of twin microstructure, magnetism, and shape create magnetic torque.•Twin microstructures with low magnetic energy produce large magnetic... Magnetic shape memory alloys experience magnetic-field-induced torque due to magnetocrystalline anisotropy and shape anisotropy. In a homogeneous magnetic... |
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SubjectTerms | Anisotropy Bend strength Computer simulation Crystallization Crystallography Cyclic loads Dependence Free surfaces Magnetic fields Magnetism Manganese Materials fatigue Nickel Shape memory alloys Single crystals Torque Transducers Twin boundaries |
Title | Twin-enhanced magnetic torque |
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