A transition of a domestic boiler from coal to biomass – Emissions from combustion of raw and torrefied Palm Kernel shells (PKS)
•Combustion of raw and torrefied PKS in a domestic boiler, designed for hard coal.•Torrefaction in a novel, pilot scale, patented reactor.•Operating parameters of the boiler are given, with comparative analysis of the obtained results.•Emissions from the combustion are measured, with comparative ana...
Saved in:
| Published in | Fuel (Guildford) Vol. 263; p. 116718 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Kidlington
Elsevier Ltd
01.03.2020
Elsevier BV |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | •Combustion of raw and torrefied PKS in a domestic boiler, designed for hard coal.•Torrefaction in a novel, pilot scale, patented reactor.•Operating parameters of the boiler are given, with comparative analysis of the obtained results.•Emissions from the combustion are measured, with comparative analysis of the obtained results.
This paper presents experimental results obtained during combustion of raw and torrefied PKS in a domestic scale boiler. The aim of the performed investigation was to assess if raw and torrefied PKS, without grinding and pelletizing, could be used in a domestic boiler, originally designed for coal. Introduction section of this paper presents a mini-review of the research performed so far on the torrefaction of Palm Kernel Shells (PKS) as well as on the combustion of torrefied biomass in small (mostly domestic) scale boilers. Section dedicated to materials and methods describes both the rig, where PKS was torrefied, as well as the domestic scale boiler used for combustion tests. Results presented in the paper consist of the operational parameters of the boiler and emissions, measured during combustion tests of both raw and torrefied PKS. Some operational issues, such as sintering and fouling of the heating surfaces of the boiler are highlighted. The extent of fouling was significantly smaller for the case of combustion of torrefied PKS, which should be a subject of a further investigation. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | This paper presents experimental results obtained during combustion of raw and torrefied PKS in a domestic scale boiler. The aim of the performed investigation was to assess if raw and torrefied PKS, without grinding and pelletizing, could be used in a domestic boiler, originally designed for coal. Introduction section of this paper presents a mini-review of the research performed so far on the torrefaction of Palm Kernel Shells (PKS) as well as on the combustion of torrefied biomass in small (mostly domestic) scale boilers. Section dedicated to materials and methods describes both the rig, where PKS was torrefied, as well as the domestic scale boiler used for combustion tests. Results presented in the paper consist of the operational parameters of the boiler and emissions, measured during combustion tests of both raw and torrefied PKS. Some operational issues, such as sintering and fouling of the heating surfaces of the boiler are highlighted. The extent of fouling was significantly smaller for the case of combustion of torrefied PKS, which should be a subject of a further investigation. •Combustion of raw and torrefied PKS in a domestic boiler, designed for hard coal.•Torrefaction in a novel, pilot scale, patented reactor.•Operating parameters of the boiler are given, with comparative analysis of the obtained results.•Emissions from the combustion are measured, with comparative analysis of the obtained results. This paper presents experimental results obtained during combustion of raw and torrefied PKS in a domestic scale boiler. The aim of the performed investigation was to assess if raw and torrefied PKS, without grinding and pelletizing, could be used in a domestic boiler, originally designed for coal. Introduction section of this paper presents a mini-review of the research performed so far on the torrefaction of Palm Kernel Shells (PKS) as well as on the combustion of torrefied biomass in small (mostly domestic) scale boilers. Section dedicated to materials and methods describes both the rig, where PKS was torrefied, as well as the domestic scale boiler used for combustion tests. Results presented in the paper consist of the operational parameters of the boiler and emissions, measured during combustion tests of both raw and torrefied PKS. Some operational issues, such as sintering and fouling of the heating surfaces of the boiler are highlighted. The extent of fouling was significantly smaller for the case of combustion of torrefied PKS, which should be a subject of a further investigation. |
| ArticleNumber | 116718 |
| Author | Pawlak-Kruczek, Halina Arora, Amit Mościcki, Krzysztof Krochmalny, Krystian Niedzwiecki, Lukasz Sharma, Shalvin |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Halina surname: Pawlak-Kruczek fullname: Pawlak-Kruczek, Halina email: halina.pawlak@pwr.edu.pl organization: Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Department of Boilers, Combustion and Energy Processes, Poland – sequence: 2 givenname: Amit surname: Arora fullname: Arora, Amit organization: Chemical Engineering Department, Shaheed Bhagat Singh State Technical Campus, Ferozepur, Punjab, India – sequence: 3 givenname: Krzysztof surname: Mościcki fullname: Mościcki, Krzysztof organization: Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Department of Boilers, Combustion and Energy Processes, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego, Wrocław, Poland – sequence: 4 givenname: Krystian surname: Krochmalny fullname: Krochmalny, Krystian organization: Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Department of Boilers, Combustion and Energy Processes, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego, Wrocław, Poland – sequence: 5 givenname: Shalvin surname: Sharma fullname: Sharma, Shalvin organization: Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Department of Boilers, Combustion and Energy Processes, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego, Wrocław, Poland – sequence: 6 givenname: Lukasz orcidid: 0000-0001-7045-0785 surname: Niedzwiecki fullname: Niedzwiecki, Lukasz organization: Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Department of Boilers, Combustion and Energy Processes, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego, Wrocław, Poland |
| BookMark | eNp9kM9KHTEUh0NR6FX7Al0FutHFXHOSyfyBbkRuVRQUbNchk5zQXDITm8y1dFd8hb6hT2Iut25cuAoHft85-X0HZG-KExLyGdgSGDSn66XbYFhyBv0SoGmh-0AW0LWiakGKPbJgJVVx0cBHcpDzmjHWdrJekKczOic9ZT_7ONHoqKY2jphnb-gQfcBEXYojNVEHOkc6-DjqnOnz3390NfqcC5ZfI-Owya97kv5N9WQLkxI6j5be6TDSa0wTBpp_YgiZHt9d358ckX2nQ8ZP_99D8uPb6vv5ZXVze3F1fnZTGcG7uRqAWzAOWSstwtA1CFYKLmppHRuccVb0UEvoOsu4AdYzCWWq697WPTImDsmX3d6HFH9tSkW1jps0lZOKC8lZ29SyL6lulzIp5ly-royf9bZV8eSDAqa2xtVabY2rrXG1M15Q_gZ9SH7U6c_70NcdhKX6o8eksvE4GbQ-oZmVjf49_AVM_5zd |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_3389_fenrg_2020_00136 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rser_2023_113193 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_egyr_2023_09_146 crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4126887 crossref_primary_10_3390_app11010020 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fuel_2021_122689 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12155_022_10504_3 crossref_primary_10_3390_app122412928 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biortech_2020_123591 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_renene_2020_10_124 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_joei_2023_101355 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13399_023_03845_2 crossref_primary_10_1088_1755_1315_1135_1_012033 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_joei_2025_102046 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eti_2022_102970 crossref_primary_10_3390_en17184648 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eti_2023_103400 crossref_primary_10_3390_en13113018 crossref_primary_10_3390_en15072590 crossref_primary_10_3390_en15197215 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rser_2021_111645 crossref_primary_10_1088_1755_1315_1281_1_012017 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fuel_2022_126402 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_renene_2024_121613 crossref_primary_10_3390_ma16227156 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_renene_2023_119065 crossref_primary_10_1051_ocl_2025003 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.enconman.2014.04.071 10.1016/j.fuel.2014.12.050 10.1016/j.rser.2014.12.039 10.1016/j.jlp.2014.12.009 10.1016/j.fuel.2013.12.022 10.1016/j.fuproc.2007.09.002 10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.09.031 10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.05.010 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b01825 10.1089/ind.2011.7.384 10.17512/ios.2017.4.3 10.1016/j.fuel.2015.10.056 10.3923/jas.2012.1130.1135 10.1007/s10163-016-0492-1 10.1007/s10163-014-0334-y 10.1016/j.fuel.2015.01.009 10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.05.015 10.1016/S0378-3820(97)00059-3 10.1016/j.energy.2008.03.007 10.1016/j.fuproc.2016.05.032 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2019 Copyright Elsevier BV Mar 1, 2020 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2019 – notice: Copyright Elsevier BV Mar 1, 2020 |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION 7QF 7QO 7QQ 7SC 7SE 7SP 7SR 7T7 7TA 7TB 7U5 8BQ 8FD C1K F28 FR3 H8D H8G JG9 JQ2 KR7 L7M L~C L~D P64 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef Aluminium Industry Abstracts Biotechnology Research Abstracts Ceramic Abstracts Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Corrosion Abstracts Electronics & Communications Abstracts Engineered Materials Abstracts Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A) Materials Business File Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts METADEX Technology Research Database Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering Engineering Research Database Aerospace Database Copper Technical Reference Library Materials Research Database ProQuest Computer Science Collection Civil Engineering Abstracts Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Materials Research Database Technology Research Database Computer and Information Systems Abstracts – Academic Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts ProQuest Computer Science Collection Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Materials Business File Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management Aerospace Database Copper Technical Reference Library Engineered Materials Abstracts Biotechnology Research Abstracts Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A) Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering Civil Engineering Abstracts Aluminium Industry Abstracts Electronics & Communications Abstracts Ceramic Abstracts METADEX Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts Engineering Research Database Corrosion Abstracts |
| DatabaseTitleList | Materials Research Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Engineering |
| EISSN | 1873-7153 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10_1016_j_fuel_2019_116718 S0016236119320721 |
| GroupedDBID | --K --M -~X .~1 0R~ 1B1 1~. 1~5 4.4 457 4G. 5GY 5VS 7-5 71M 8P~ 9JN AABNK AACTN AAEDT AAEDW AAHCO AAIAV AAIKJ AAKOC AALRI AAOAW AAQFI AARJD AARLI AAXUO ABFNM ABJNI ABMAC ABNUV ABYKQ ACDAQ ACIWK ACNCT ACPRK ACRLP ADBBV ADECG ADEWK ADEZE AEBSH AEKER AENEX AFKWA AFRAH AFTJW AFXIZ AFZHZ AGHFR AGUBO AGYEJ AHEUO AHHHB AHIDL AHPOS AIEXJ AIKHN AITUG AJOXV AJSZI AKIFW AKURH ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMFUW AMRAJ AXJTR BELTK BKOJK BLECG BLXMC CS3 DU5 EBS EFJIC EFLBG ENUVR EO8 EO9 EP2 EP3 FDB FIRID FLBIZ FNPLU FYGXN G-Q GBLVA IHE J1W JARJE KOM LY6 M41 MO0 N9A O-L O9- OAUVE OZT P-8 P-9 PC. Q38 RNS ROL RPZ SDF SDG SDP SES SPC SPCBC SSG SSJ SSK SSR SSZ T5K TWZ WH7 ZMT ~02 ~G- 29H 8WZ A6W AAQXK AATTM AAXKI AAYWO AAYXX ABDEX ABEFU ABWVN ABXDB ACNNM ACRPL ACVFH ADCNI ADMUD ADNMO AEIPS AEUPX AFFNX AFJKZ AFPUW AGCQF AGQPQ AGRNS AI. AIGII AIIUN AKBMS AKRWK AKYEP ANKPU APXCP ASPBG AVWKF AZFZN BNPGV CITATION EJD FEDTE FGOYB G-2 HVGLF HZ~ H~9 R2- RIG SAC SCB SEW SSH VH1 WUQ XPP ZY4 7QF 7QO 7QQ 7SC 7SE 7SP 7SR 7T7 7TA 7TB 7U5 8BQ 8FD C1K EFKBS F28 FR3 H8D H8G JG9 JQ2 KR7 L7M L~C L~D P64 |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c328t-b12d1cfe075de1b86e1d532345df0bfcfd39145188d02c109051518449d49e003 |
| IEDL.DBID | .~1 |
| ISSN | 0016-2361 |
| IngestDate | Wed Aug 13 11:21:57 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:02:34 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 03:27:35 EDT 2025 Fri Feb 23 02:47:23 EST 2024 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Keywords | CFD EFB PLC PMF SECTOR OGC Combustion Biomass Palm Kernel Shells TGA Torrefaction FTIR UK HHV PKS SEM LHV PM Solid biofuels |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c328t-b12d1cfe075de1b86e1d532345df0bfcfd39145188d02c109051518449d49e003 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7045-0785 |
| PQID | 2352076459 |
| PQPubID | 2045474 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_journals_2352076459 crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_fuel_2019_116718 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fuel_2019_116718 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_fuel_2019_116718 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2020-03-01 2020-03-00 20200301 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2020-03-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 03 year: 2020 text: 2020-03-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | Kidlington |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Kidlington |
| PublicationTitle | Fuel (Guildford) |
| PublicationYear | 2020 |
| Publisher | Elsevier Ltd Elsevier BV |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier Ltd – name: Elsevier BV |
| References | Ohm, Chae, Kim, Oh (b0075) 2015; 17 Biedermann F, Brunner T, Mandl C, Obernberger I, Kanzian W, Feldmeier S, et al. Production of solid sustainable energy carriers from biomass by means of torrefaction: deliverable No. D7.3 and D7.4 – Executive Summary, 2014. Klass (b0005) 1998 Weber, Heuer, Quicker, Li (b0115) 2018 Jenkins, Baxter, Miles (b0015) 1998; 54 Mitchell, Lea-Langton, Jones, Williams, Layden, Johnson (b0095) 2016; 142 Acharya, Dutta, Minaret (b0035) 2015; 12 van der Stelt, Gerhauser, Kiel, Ptasinski (b0030) 2011; 35 Chen, Peng, Bi (b0120) 2015; 44 Pawlak-Kruczek, Krochmalny, Mościcki, Zgóra, Czerep, Ostrycharczyk (b0130) 2017; 20 Xue, Kwapinska, Kwapinski, Czajka, Kennedy, Leahy (b0145) 2014; 121 Obinna, Kingsley, Okwuchukwu (b0080) 2016; 4 Atiku, Mitchell, Lea-Langton, Jones, Williams, Bartle (b0100) 2016; 151 Hardy, Musialik-Piotrowska, Ciołek, Mościcki, Kordylewski (b0160) 2012 Musialik-Piotrowska, Kordylewski, Ciołek, Mościcki (b0165) 2010 Koppejan, Sokhansanj, Melin, Madrali (b0045) 2015 Ndibe, Maier, Scheffknecht (b0150) 2014; 79 Sims (b0010) 2002 Okoroigwe, Saffron (b0070) 2012; 31 Tumuluru, Sokhansanj, Hess, Wright, Boardman (b0040) 2011; 7 Sabil, Aziz, Lal, Uemura (b0055) 2013; 56 Arias, Pevida, Fermoso, Plaza, Rubiera, Pis (b0155) 2008; 89 Huéscar Medina, Sattar, Phylaktou, Andrews, Gibbs (b0140) 2014; 36 Moscicki, Niedzwiecki, Owczarek, Wnukowski (b0025) 2014; 94 Uemura, Saadon, Osman, Mansor, Tanoue (b0050) 2015; 144 Aziz, Sabil, Uemura, Ismail (b0065) 2012; 12 Yang, Ingham, Ma, Williams, Pourkashanian (b0090) 2016; 165 Asadullah, Adi, Suhada, Malek, Saringat, Azdarpour (b0060) 2014; 88 Huéscar Medina, Maccoitir, Sattar, Slatter, Phylaktou, Andrews (b0135) 2015; 151 Pawlak-Kruczek, Krochmalny, Wnukowski, Niedzwiecki (b0125) 2018 Michel JB, Mahmed C, Ropp J, Richard J, Sattler M, Schmid M. Combustion evaluation of torrefied wood pellets on a 50 kw boiler. In: 18th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, Lyon, 2010, p. 3–7. Uslu, Faaij, Bergman (b0020) 2008; 33 Poudel, Ohm, Gu, Shin, Oh (b0085) 2017; 19 Uslu (10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0020) 2008; 33 Aziz (10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0065) 2012; 12 Pawlak-Kruczek (10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0125) 2018 Chen (10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0120) 2015; 44 Jenkins (10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0015) 1998; 54 Koppejan (10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0045) 2015 Yang (10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0090) 2016; 165 Hardy (10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0160) 2012 Tumuluru (10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0040) 2011; 7 Pawlak-Kruczek (10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0130) 2017; 20 Mitchell (10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0095) 2016; 142 Uemura (10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0050) 2015; 144 Okoroigwe (10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0070) 2012; 31 van der Stelt (10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0030) 2011; 35 Klass (10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0005) 1998 Huéscar Medina (10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0135) 2015; 151 Arias (10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0155) 2008; 89 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0105 Musialik-Piotrowska (10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0165) 2010 Huéscar Medina (10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0140) 2014; 36 Weber (10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0115) 2018 Sims (10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0010) 2002 Sabil (10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0055) 2013; 56 Asadullah (10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0060) 2014; 88 Ohm (10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0075) 2015; 17 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0110 Atiku (10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0100) 2016; 151 Acharya (10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0035) 2015; 12 Xue (10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0145) 2014; 121 Ndibe (10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0150) 2014; 79 Moscicki (10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0025) 2014; 94 Obinna (10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0080) 2016; 4 Poudel (10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0085) 2017; 19 |
| References_xml | – year: 2018 ident: b0115 article-title: Løvås T, Scherer V. An Alternative approach for the estimation of biochar yields publication-title: Energy Fuels – volume: 17 start-page: 249 year: 2015 end-page: 257 ident: b0075 article-title: Study on the characteristics of biomass for co-combustion in coal power plant publication-title: J Mater Cycles Waste Manag – start-page: 38 year: 2012 ident: b0160 article-title: Negative effects of biomass combustion and co-combustion in boilers publication-title: Environ Prot Eng – volume: 33 start-page: 1206 year: 2008 end-page: 1223 ident: b0020 article-title: Pre-treatment technologies, and their effect on international bioenergy supply chain logistics. Techno-economic evaluation of torrefaction, fast pyrolysis and pelletisation publication-title: Energy – reference: Biedermann F, Brunner T, Mandl C, Obernberger I, Kanzian W, Feldmeier S, et al. Production of solid sustainable energy carriers from biomass by means of torrefaction: deliverable No. D7.3 and D7.4 – Executive Summary, 2014. – volume: 12 start-page: 26 year: 2015 end-page: 37 ident: b0035 article-title: Review on comparative study of dry and wet torrefaction publication-title: Sustain Energy Technol Assess – volume: 12 start-page: 1130 year: 2012 end-page: 1135 ident: b0065 article-title: A study on torrefaction of oil palm biomass publication-title: J Appl Sci – volume: 142 start-page: 115 year: 2016 end-page: 123 ident: b0095 article-title: The impact of fuel properties on the emissions from the combustion of biomass and other solid fuels in a fixed bed domestic stove publication-title: Fuel Process Technol – volume: 35 start-page: 3748 year: 2011 end-page: 3762 ident: b0030 article-title: Biomass upgrading by torrefaction for the production of biofuels: a review publication-title: Biomass Bioenergy – volume: 4 start-page: 19 year: 2016 end-page: 23 ident: b0080 article-title: Torrefaction of nigerian palm kernel shell into solid fuel publication-title: Sci Innov – volume: 7 start-page: 384 year: 2011 end-page: 401 ident: b0040 article-title: A review on biomass torrefaction process and product properties for energy applications publication-title: Ind Biotechnol – volume: 20 start-page: 457 year: 2017 end-page: 472 ident: b0130 article-title: Torrefaction of various types of biomass in laboratory scale, batch-wise isothermal rotary reactor and pilot scale, continuous multi-stage tape reactor publication-title: Eng Prot Environ – volume: 89 start-page: 169 year: 2008 end-page: 175 ident: b0155 article-title: Influence of torrefaction on the grindability and reactivity of woody biomass publication-title: Fuel Process Technol – volume: 165 start-page: 41 year: 2016 end-page: 49 ident: b0090 article-title: Predicting ash deposition behaviour for co-combustion of palm kernel with coal based on CFD modelling of particle impaction and sticking publication-title: Fuel – volume: 94 start-page: 233 year: 2014 end-page: 249 ident: b0025 article-title: Commoditization of biomass: dry torrefaction and pelletization-a review publication-title: J Power Technol – volume: 121 start-page: 189 year: 2014 end-page: 197 ident: b0145 article-title: Impact of torrefaction on properties of Miscanthus × giganteus relevant to gasification publication-title: Fuel – year: 2015 ident: b0045 article-title: Status overview of torrefaction technologies publication-title: Int Energy Agency – reference: Michel JB, Mahmed C, Ropp J, Richard J, Sattler M, Schmid M. Combustion evaluation of torrefied wood pellets on a 50 kw boiler. In: 18th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, Lyon, 2010, p. 3–7. – volume: 88 start-page: 1086 year: 2014 end-page: 1093 ident: b0060 article-title: Optimization of palm kernel shell torrefaction to produce energy densified bio-coal publication-title: Energy Convers Manag – volume: 144 start-page: 171 year: 2015 end-page: 179 ident: b0050 article-title: Torrefaction of oil palm kernel shell in the presence of oxygen and carbon dioxide publication-title: Fuel – volume: 31 start-page: 329 year: 2012 end-page: 335 ident: b0070 article-title: Determination of bio-energy potential of palm kernel shell by physicochemical characterization publication-title: Niger J Technol – year: 2002 ident: b0010 article-title: The brilliance of bioenergy: in business and practice – volume: 54 start-page: 17 year: 1998 end-page: 46 ident: b0015 article-title: Combustion properties of biomass publication-title: Fuel Process Technol – volume: 44 start-page: 847 year: 2015 end-page: 866 ident: b0120 article-title: A state-of-the-art review of biomass torrefaction, densification and applications publication-title: Renew Sustain Energy Rev – start-page: 36 year: 2010 ident: b0165 article-title: Characteristics of air pollutants emitted from biomass combustion in small retort boiler publication-title: Environ Prot Eng – volume: 151 start-page: 91 year: 2015 end-page: 101 ident: b0135 article-title: Comparison of the explosion characteristics and flame speeds of pulverised coals and biomass in the ISO standard 1 m3 dust explosion equipment publication-title: Fuel – volume: 79 start-page: 105 year: 2014 end-page: 115 ident: b0150 article-title: Combustion, cofiring and emissions characteristics of torrefied biomass in a drop tube reactor publication-title: Biomass Bioenergy – year: 1998 ident: b0005 article-title: Biomass for renewable energy, fuels, and chemicals – start-page: 140 year: 2018 ident: b0125 article-title: Slow pyrolysis of the sewage sludge with additives: calcium oxide and lignite publication-title: J Energy Resour Technol – volume: 36 start-page: 287 year: 2014 end-page: 295 ident: b0140 article-title: Explosion reactivity characterisation of pulverised torrefied spruce wood publication-title: J Loss Prev Process Ind – volume: 56 start-page: 351 year: 2013 end-page: 360 ident: b0055 article-title: Effects of torrefaction on the physiochemical properties of oil palm empty fruit bunches, mesocarp fiber and kernel shell publication-title: Biomass Bioenergy – volume: 151 start-page: 117 year: 2016 end-page: 125 ident: b0100 article-title: The impact of fuel properties on the composition of soot produced by the combustion of residential solid fuels in a domestic stove publication-title: Fuel Process Technol – volume: 19 start-page: 917 year: 2017 end-page: 927 ident: b0085 article-title: Comparative study of torrefaction of empty fruit bunches and palm kernel shell publication-title: J Mater Cycles Waste Manag – volume: 88 start-page: 1086 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0060 article-title: Optimization of palm kernel shell torrefaction to produce energy densified bio-coal publication-title: Energy Convers Manag doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2014.04.071 – volume: 35 start-page: 3748 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0030 article-title: Biomass upgrading by torrefaction for the production of biofuels: a review publication-title: Biomass Bioenergy – volume: 144 start-page: 171 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0050 article-title: Torrefaction of oil palm kernel shell in the presence of oxygen and carbon dioxide publication-title: Fuel doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2014.12.050 – volume: 44 start-page: 847 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0120 article-title: A state-of-the-art review of biomass torrefaction, densification and applications publication-title: Renew Sustain Energy Rev doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.12.039 – volume: 4 start-page: 19 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0080 article-title: Torrefaction of nigerian palm kernel shell into solid fuel publication-title: Sci Innov – start-page: 38 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0160 article-title: Negative effects of biomass combustion and co-combustion in boilers publication-title: Environ Prot Eng – ident: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0105 – volume: 36 start-page: 287 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0140 article-title: Explosion reactivity characterisation of pulverised torrefied spruce wood publication-title: J Loss Prev Process Ind doi: 10.1016/j.jlp.2014.12.009 – volume: 121 start-page: 189 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0145 article-title: Impact of torrefaction on properties of Miscanthus × giganteus relevant to gasification publication-title: Fuel doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2013.12.022 – year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0010 – volume: 94 start-page: 233 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0025 article-title: Commoditization of biomass: dry torrefaction and pelletization-a review publication-title: J Power Technol – volume: 12 start-page: 26 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0035 article-title: Review on comparative study of dry and wet torrefaction publication-title: Sustain Energy Technol Assess – volume: 89 start-page: 169 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0155 article-title: Influence of torrefaction on the grindability and reactivity of woody biomass publication-title: Fuel Process Technol doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2007.09.002 – volume: 31 start-page: 329 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0070 article-title: Determination of bio-energy potential of palm kernel shell by physicochemical characterization publication-title: Niger J Technol – volume: 142 start-page: 115 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0095 article-title: The impact of fuel properties on the emissions from the combustion of biomass and other solid fuels in a fixed bed domestic stove publication-title: Fuel Process Technol doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.09.031 – volume: 79 start-page: 105 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0150 article-title: Combustion, cofiring and emissions characteristics of torrefied biomass in a drop tube reactor publication-title: Biomass Bioenergy doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.05.010 – ident: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0110 – year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0115 article-title: Løvås T, Scherer V. An Alternative approach for the estimation of biochar yields publication-title: Energy Fuels doi: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b01825 – volume: 7 start-page: 384 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0040 article-title: A review on biomass torrefaction process and product properties for energy applications publication-title: Ind Biotechnol doi: 10.1089/ind.2011.7.384 – volume: 20 start-page: 457 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0130 article-title: Torrefaction of various types of biomass in laboratory scale, batch-wise isothermal rotary reactor and pilot scale, continuous multi-stage tape reactor publication-title: Eng Prot Environ doi: 10.17512/ios.2017.4.3 – volume: 165 start-page: 41 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0090 article-title: Predicting ash deposition behaviour for co-combustion of palm kernel with coal based on CFD modelling of particle impaction and sticking publication-title: Fuel doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2015.10.056 – year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0045 article-title: Status overview of torrefaction technologies publication-title: Int Energy Agency – volume: 12 start-page: 1130 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0065 article-title: A study on torrefaction of oil palm biomass publication-title: J Appl Sci doi: 10.3923/jas.2012.1130.1135 – volume: 19 start-page: 917 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0085 article-title: Comparative study of torrefaction of empty fruit bunches and palm kernel shell publication-title: J Mater Cycles Waste Manag doi: 10.1007/s10163-016-0492-1 – volume: 17 start-page: 249 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0075 article-title: Study on the characteristics of biomass for co-combustion in coal power plant publication-title: J Mater Cycles Waste Manag doi: 10.1007/s10163-014-0334-y – volume: 151 start-page: 91 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0135 article-title: Comparison of the explosion characteristics and flame speeds of pulverised coals and biomass in the ISO standard 1 m3 dust explosion equipment publication-title: Fuel doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2015.01.009 – start-page: 140 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0125 article-title: Slow pyrolysis of the sewage sludge with additives: calcium oxide and lignite publication-title: J Energy Resour Technol – start-page: 36 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0165 article-title: Characteristics of air pollutants emitted from biomass combustion in small retort boiler publication-title: Environ Prot Eng – volume: 56 start-page: 351 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0055 article-title: Effects of torrefaction on the physiochemical properties of oil palm empty fruit bunches, mesocarp fiber and kernel shell publication-title: Biomass Bioenergy doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.05.015 – volume: 54 start-page: 17 year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0015 article-title: Combustion properties of biomass publication-title: Fuel Process Technol doi: 10.1016/S0378-3820(97)00059-3 – volume: 33 start-page: 1206 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0020 article-title: Pre-treatment technologies, and their effect on international bioenergy supply chain logistics. Techno-economic evaluation of torrefaction, fast pyrolysis and pelletisation publication-title: Energy doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2008.03.007 – volume: 151 start-page: 117 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0100 article-title: The impact of fuel properties on the composition of soot produced by the combustion of residential solid fuels in a domestic stove publication-title: Fuel Process Technol doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2016.05.032 – year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718_b0005 |
| SSID | ssj0007854 |
| Score | 2.4668736 |
| Snippet | •Combustion of raw and torrefied PKS in a domestic boiler, designed for hard coal.•Torrefaction in a novel, pilot scale, patented reactor.•Operating parameters... This paper presents experimental results obtained during combustion of raw and torrefied PKS in a domestic scale boiler. The aim of the performed investigation... |
| SourceID | proquest crossref elsevier |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 116718 |
| SubjectTerms | Biomass Biomass burning Combustion Drying Emission measurements Fouling Kernels Palm Kernel Shells Pelleting PKS Pyrolysis Scale (corrosion) Shells Solid biofuels Torrefaction |
| Title | A transition of a domestic boiler from coal to biomass – Emissions from combustion of raw and torrefied Palm Kernel shells (PKS) |
| URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116718 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2352076459 |
| Volume | 263 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1LSx0xFA5iN-1CrG2pT86ii5YyOpNkHlleRLntpVJQwV2YvEDRGZk74k7Ev-A_9Jd4zjzUluKi2yEJISc558vkO99h7EssSh68VJHhuYpkKGWkhMFba4gzJbIimE5d_9dBNj2WP0_SkwW2O-bCEK1y8P29T--89fBlZ1jNncvTU8rxTTKSDiEIQipflMEuc9rl2zfPNI-8SHsl5iSLqPWQONNzvMKVp-eHRG3TcwQV_vh3cPrLTXexZ3-ZLQ2gESb9vN6zBV-tsHcvpAQ_sLsJtBR2OgYW1AFKcPUFSWhYMDUe_QYokwRsjQO1NVDaPeJmeLi9hz20Nf00m49NLgzV-OrHacprKCuHfRqcLwJWoJIrMPNN5c9hTjzSOXz9PTv89pEd7-8d7U6job5CZAUv2sgk3CU2eEQNziemyHziUsGFTF2ITbDBCUWFfIvCxdwSgxPBD94IpXJSeXQHn9hiVVf-M4OA6ynQDtILIy1XJk8t3hyd4sYI4_NVlowLq-0gPk41MM71yDI702QMTcbQvTFW2fenPpe99MarrdPRXvqPDaQxNrzab2M0rh6O71xzhKVxTjo7a_857Dp7y-lm3rHVNthi21z5TYQvrdnq9ucWezP5MZsePAIcvO4p |
| linkProvider | Elsevier |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Lb9QwEB6V7QE4IJ6iUMAHDiAUmtjOw8dV1WrLtiskWqk3K35JrdqkyqbiivgL_EN-CTOJUwFCPXCNPJblsWe-iWe-AXibipoHL1VieKkSGWqZKGEwag1poURRBTOw6x-tisWJ_HSan27A7lQLQ2mV0faPNn2w1vHLTtzNnauzM6rxzQqiDiEIQixfd2CT2KnyGWzOD5aL1Y1BLqt8JGPOioQEYu3MmOYVrj29QGTqI71IUO-Pf_unvyz14H72H8KDiBvZfFzaI9jwzWO4_xub4BP4Pmc9eZ4hCYu1gdXMtZfEomGZafH2d4yKSZhtcaK-ZVR5j9CZ_fz2g-2huum_2Xoacmmozdc4T1d_ZXXjUKbD9SJmZdR1hS191_gLtqZU0jV793n55f1TONnfO95dJLHFQmIFr_rEZNxlNngEDs5npip85nLBhcxdSE2wwQlFvXyryqXcUhIn4h8MCqVyUnm0CM9g1rSNfw4s4H4KVIX0wkjLlSlzi8GjU9wYYXy5Bdm0sdpG_nFqg3Ghp0Szc03K0KQMPSpjCz7cyFyN7Bu3js4nfek_zpBG93Cr3PakXB1v8FpzRKZpSVQ7L_5z2jdwd3F8dKgPD1bLl3CPU6A-JK9tw6zvrv0rRDO9eR1P6y9KhfDa |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+transition+of+a+domestic+boiler+from+coal+to+biomass+%E2%80%93+Emissions+from+combustion+of+raw+and+torrefied+Palm+Kernel+shells+%28PKS%29&rft.jtitle=Fuel+%28Guildford%29&rft.au=Pawlak-Kruczek%2C+Halina&rft.au=Arora%2C+Amit&rft.au=Mo%C5%9Bcicki%2C+Krzysztof&rft.au=Krochmalny%2C+Krystian&rft.date=2020-03-01&rft.pub=Elsevier+BV&rft.issn=0016-2361&rft.eissn=1873-7153&rft.volume=263&rft.spage=1&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.fuel.2019.116718&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0016-2361&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0016-2361&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0016-2361&client=summon |