Formation of chromium rich oxide scales for protection against metal dusting
Metal dusting is a disintegration of metals and alloys into graphite and metal particles, caused by strongly carburizing gas mixtures mainly in the temperature range 400-700°C. Protection of steels against metal dusting is possible through the formation of dense chromium rich oxide scales but it is...
Saved in:
Published in | Materials at high temperatures Vol. 17; no. 2; pp. 339 - 345 |
---|---|
Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Taylor & Francis
01.01.2000
|
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
Abstract | Metal dusting is a disintegration of metals and alloys into graphite and metal particles, caused by strongly carburizing gas mixtures mainly in the temperature range 400-700°C. Protection of steels against metal dusting is possible through the formation of dense chromium rich oxide scales but it is not guaranteed that such scales are formed at low temperatures, even on high Cr-steels.
Surface analytical studies have been conducted on the formation and composition of the oxide scales on 9-20%Cr steels. The growth of oxide films was followed by AES for 3 hours at 10
-7
mbar O
2
great differences were observed in dependence on surface finish. On ground samples, Mn and Si appeared early and Cr-rich oxide was formed, whereas on chemically etched samples Fe-rich oxides grew.
After long term exposures (240 h) under metal dusting conditions, i.e. in CO-H
2
-H
2
O mixtures at 600°C, thin Cr-rich scales were observed on ground steels which were impermeable to carbon whereas on chemically etched steels thick Fe-rich scales had grown and carbon penetration was detectable. Accordingly, the oxide formation on Cr-steels at relatively low temperatures strongly depends on the surface treatment. Any surface working such as grinding and sand-blasting etc. introduces dislocations and causes a fine-grained microstructure near the surface, and the dislocations and grain boundaries act as rapid diffusion paths for supply of Cr to the surface in the first minutes of exposure, which leads to the formation of a protective oxide scale. |
---|---|
AbstractList | Metal dusting is a disintegration of metals and alloys into graphite and metal particles, caused by strongly carburizing gas mixtures mainly in the temperature range 400-700°C. Protection of steels against metal dusting is possible through the formation of dense chromium rich oxide scales but it is not guaranteed that such scales are formed at low temperatures, even on high Cr-steels.
Surface analytical studies have been conducted on the formation and composition of the oxide scales on 9-20%Cr steels. The growth of oxide films was followed by AES for 3 hours at 10
-7
mbar O
2
great differences were observed in dependence on surface finish. On ground samples, Mn and Si appeared early and Cr-rich oxide was formed, whereas on chemically etched samples Fe-rich oxides grew.
After long term exposures (240 h) under metal dusting conditions, i.e. in CO-H
2
-H
2
O mixtures at 600°C, thin Cr-rich scales were observed on ground steels which were impermeable to carbon whereas on chemically etched steels thick Fe-rich scales had grown and carbon penetration was detectable. Accordingly, the oxide formation on Cr-steels at relatively low temperatures strongly depends on the surface treatment. Any surface working such as grinding and sand-blasting etc. introduces dislocations and causes a fine-grained microstructure near the surface, and the dislocations and grain boundaries act as rapid diffusion paths for supply of Cr to the surface in the first minutes of exposure, which leads to the formation of a protective oxide scale. Metal dusting is a disintegration of metals and alloys into graphite and metal particles, caused by strongly carburizing gas mixtures mainly in the temperature range 400-700 deg C. Protection of steels against metal dusting is possible through the formation of dense chromium rich oxide scales but it is not guaranteed tha such scales are formed at low temperatures, even on high Cr-steels. Surface analytical studies have been conducted on the formation and composition of the oxide scales on 9-20% Cr steels. The growth of oxide films was followed by AES for 3 h at 10 exp -7 mbar O sub 2 great differences were observed in dependence on surface finish. On ground samples, Mn and Si appeared early and Cr-rich oxide was formed, wheras on chemically etched samples Fe-rich oxides grew. After long term exposures (240 h) under metal dusting conditions, i.e. in CO-H sub 2 -H sub 2 O mixtures at 600 deg C, thin Cr-rich scales were observed on ground steels which were impermeable to carbon whereas on chemically etched steels thick Fe-rich scales had grown and carbon penetration was detectable. Accordingly, the oxide formation on Cr-steels at relatively low temperatures strongly depends on the surface treatment. Any surface working such as grinding and sand-blasting etc. introduces dislocations and causes a fine-grained microstructure near the surface, and the dislocations and grain boundaries act as rapid diffusion paths for supply of Cr to the surface in the first minutes of exposure, which leads to the formation of a protective oxide scale. (Example materials: ferritic and austenitic stainless steels.) |
Author | Lucas, M. Grabke, H.J. Eltester, B. Müller-Lorenz, E.M. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: H.J. surname: Grabke fullname: Grabke, H.J. organization: Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbHPostfach 140 444, D-40074 Düsseldorf, Germany – sequence: 2 givenname: E.M. surname: Müller-Lorenz fullname: Müller-Lorenz, E.M. organization: Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbHPostfach 140 444, D-40074 Düsseldorf, Germany – sequence: 3 givenname: B. surname: Eltester fullname: Eltester, B. organization: Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbHPostfach 140 444, D-40074 Düsseldorf, Germany – sequence: 4 givenname: M. surname: Lucas fullname: Lucas, M. organization: Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbHPostfach 140 444, D-40074 Düsseldorf, Germany |
BookMark | eNp1kEFLwzAUx4NMcM59AG85eevMS9OmBS8ynAoDL3oOr2myBdpmJim6b2_nvAoP_jz4_R-P3zWZDX4whNwCWwHI-r7fpxVnbNrkiq8Yzy_IHCpZZaWAfEbmrC5ZlgtWX5FljK5hvK4BhKjmZLvxocfk_EC9pXoffO_Gngan99R_u9bQqLEzkVof6CH4ZPQvjDt0Q0y0Nwk72o4xuWF3Qy4tdtEs_3JBPjZP7-uXbPv2_Lp-3GY65zJlaETTCtYiL7CchiEi162VsrKSS90wzVvDhYC2RICisbku8lpDXWqGgPmC3J3vTg99jiYm1buoTdfhYPwYFZcFlAWICYQzqIOPMRirDsH1GI4KmDqpU5M6dVKnQCquJnVT5-HccYM9ufnyoWtVwmPngw04aBdV_n_9BxXOecE |
CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1179_mht_2003_062 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_surfcoat_2004_07_111 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11085_004_7805_9 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_corsci_2021_109702 crossref_primary_10_1002_maco_200403856 crossref_primary_10_1002_maco_200303729 crossref_primary_10_1002_srin_200405925 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_corsci_2018_08_015 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_surfcoat_2015_07_063 crossref_primary_10_3390_en17133223 crossref_primary_10_1179_174328007X212526 |
Cites_doi | 10.1007/BF02834116 10.1002/srin.199501115 10.1002/maco.19930440306 10.1016/0390-6035(76)90013-4 10.1007/BF00738385 10.1016/0010-938X(93)90334-D 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4176(199805)49:5<321::AID-MACO321>3.0.CO;2-P 10.1002/srin.199700560 10.1002/maco.19870381003 10.1007/BF00656580 10.1179/mht.2000.17.2.010 10.5006/1.3293634 10.1007/BF01047030 10.1002/maco.19960470904 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4176(199805)49:5<317::AID-MACO317>3.0.CO;2-5 10.1007/BF00664665 10.1002/srin.199501121 10.1002/maco.19940450402 |
ContentType | Journal Article |
Copyright | 2000 Science Reviews 2000 |
Copyright_xml | – notice: 2000 Science Reviews 2000 |
DBID | AAYXX CITATION 7SE 8BQ 8FD JG9 |
DOI | 10.1179/mht.2000.17.2.023 |
DatabaseName | CrossRef Corrosion Abstracts METADEX Technology Research Database Materials Research Database |
DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Materials Research Database Technology Research Database Corrosion Abstracts METADEX |
DatabaseTitleList | Materials Research Database |
DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
Discipline | Engineering |
EISSN | 1878-6413 |
EndPage | 345 |
ExternalDocumentID | 10_1179_mht_2000_17_2_023 11713605 |
Genre | Original Articles |
GroupedDBID | -~X 0BK 0R~ 29M 3V. 4.4 5GY 8FE 8FG AAAVI AAJMT AALDU AAMIU AANMX AAPUL AAQRR ABCCY ABCES ABFIM ABGQB ABJCF ABJVF ABLIJ ABPTK ABQHQ ABUWG ABXUL ABXYU ACBEA ACGFO ACGFS ACIWK ACLZH ACTIO ACVGN ADCVX ADGTB AEGXH AEGYZ AEISY AENEX AFKRA AFWLO AGDLA AHDLD AIAGR AIBRC AIJEM AIRXU AKBVH AKOOK ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALQZU AQRUH AWQZV BENPR BGLVJ BLEHA BPHCQ CCCUG CCPQU CS3 D1I DGEBU DGEYW DKSSO DU5 DWNMW E01 EBKLY EBS EHMNL EJD ESX GCUZY HCIFZ HCLVR HH5 HHL HZ~ IAO IL9 KB. KYCEM M41 M46 M4Z MV1 O9- P2P P75 P7B PDBOC PQQKQ PROAC QSQFL RIG RNANH ROSJB RTWRZ SJN TCJPB TCY TEX TFL TFT TFW TN5 TTHFI ZGOLN --K 1B1 8WZ A6W AATVF AAYXX ABDBF ABPAQ ABZIJ ACKDS AFDUV AFGMD AHDZW AIPZZ AMATQ ASQZU BVUPT CITATION EXXQB H13 I-F IHE JHRKR LJTGL MK~ NQ- ROL RPZ TBQAZ TDBHL TFMCV TUROJ TUS 7SE 8BQ 8FD JG9 |
ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c327t-ae4bd40da25a65a60aaa2cdf778f727cb0c2de2441d6a115bf3c539c196c0a1a3 |
ISSN | 0960-3409 |
IngestDate | Sat Aug 17 04:07:15 EDT 2024 Thu Sep 12 18:16:43 EDT 2024 Mon Dec 11 04:31:49 EST 2023 |
IsPeerReviewed | true |
IsScholarly | true |
Issue | 2 |
Language | English |
LinkModel | OpenURL |
MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c327t-ae4bd40da25a65a60aaa2cdf778f727cb0c2de2441d6a115bf3c539c196c0a1a3 |
Notes | ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 |
PQID | 27516514 |
PQPubID | 23500 |
PageCount | 7 |
ParticipantIDs | crossref_primary_10_1179_mht_2000_17_2_023 informaworld_taylorfrancis_310_1179_mht_2000_17_2_023 proquest_miscellaneous_27516514 |
PublicationCentury | 2000 |
PublicationDate | 2000-01-01 |
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2000-01-01 |
PublicationDate_xml | – month: 01 year: 2000 text: 2000-01-01 day: 01 |
PublicationDecade | 2000 |
PublicationTitle | Materials at high temperatures |
PublicationYear | 2000 |
Publisher | Taylor & Francis |
Publisher_xml | – name: Taylor & Francis |
References | Grabke H.J. (CIT0021) 1997; 68 Pippel E. (CIT0006) 1995; 66 CIT0020 CIT0001 CIT0012 CIT0023 CIT0011 Grabke H.J. (CIT0007) 1995; 66 Giggins C.S. (CIT0016) 1969; 245 Grabke H.J (CIT0010) 1998; 49 CIT0003 CIT0014 CIT0002 Klöwer J. (CIT0009) 1998; 37 CIT0013 Bennett M.J. (CIT0018) 1984; 282 CIT0005 Grabke H.J. (CIT0022) 1998; 50 CIT0004 CIT0015 CIT0017 CIT0008 CIT0019 |
References_xml | – ident: CIT0019 doi: 10.1007/BF02834116 – volume: 49 start-page: 303 year: 1998 ident: CIT0010 publication-title: mechanisms and kinetics of metal dusting. Mat. Corr contributor: fullname: Grabke H.J – volume: 66 start-page: 217 year: 1995 ident: CIT0006 publication-title: Steel Res doi: 10.1002/srin.199501115 contributor: fullname: Pippel E. – ident: CIT0003 doi: 10.1002/maco.19930440306 – ident: CIT0013 doi: 10.1016/0390-6035(76)90013-4 – ident: CIT0015 doi: 10.1007/BF00738385 – volume: 245 start-page: 2509 year: 1969 ident: CIT0016 publication-title: TMS AIME contributor: fullname: Giggins C.S. – ident: CIT0002 doi: 10.1016/0010-938X(93)90334-D – ident: CIT0012 doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4176(199805)49:5<321::AID-MACO321>3.0.CO;2-P – volume: 68 start-page: 179 year: 1997 ident: CIT0021 publication-title: Steel Res doi: 10.1002/srin.199700560 contributor: fullname: Grabke H.J. – volume: 50 start-page: 241 year: 1998 ident: CIT0022 publication-title: Cold Working and Surface Finish on the Metal Dusting Resistance of Steels. Oxid. Met contributor: fullname: Grabke H.J. – ident: CIT0014 doi: 10.1002/maco.19870381003 – ident: CIT0017 doi: 10.1007/BF00656580 – ident: CIT0023 doi: 10.1179/mht.2000.17.2.010 – ident: CIT0005 doi: 10.5006/1.3293634 – ident: CIT0020 doi: 10.1007/BF01047030 – ident: CIT0008 doi: 10.1002/maco.19960470904 – volume: 37 start-page: 58 year: 1998 ident: CIT0009 publication-title: Mat. Performance (NAGE contributor: fullname: Klöwer J. – ident: CIT0011 doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4176(199805)49:5<317::AID-MACO317>3.0.CO;2-5 – ident: CIT0001 doi: 10.1007/BF00664665 – volume: 66 start-page: 252 year: 1995 ident: CIT0007 publication-title: Steel Res doi: 10.1002/srin.199501121 contributor: fullname: Grabke H.J. – volume: 282 start-page: 84 year: 1984 ident: CIT0018 publication-title: et al. Electrochem. Soc. Proceedings contributor: fullname: Bennett M.J. – ident: CIT0004 doi: 10.1002/maco.19940450402 |
SSID | ssib029911448 ssj0024748 |
Score | 1.6352886 |
Snippet | Metal dusting is a disintegration of metals and alloys into graphite and metal particles, caused by strongly carburizing gas mixtures mainly in the temperature... |
SourceID | proquest crossref informaworld |
SourceType | Aggregation Database Publisher |
StartPage | 339 |
SubjectTerms | chromium rich oxide scales metal dusting |
Title | Formation of chromium rich oxide scales for protection against metal dusting |
URI | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/mht.2000.17.2.023 https://search.proquest.com/docview/27516514 |
Volume | 17 |
hasFullText | 1 |
inHoldings | 1 |
isFullTextHit | |
isPrint | |
link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1bb9MwFLa67QUeEFcxLsMPPFElJI4TJ4_raFdN3YTQJiZeIsdxaCWaoC6VED-A383xJW5KATGkKm2sxnVzTs7N53wHoddVxWgGes0jlFEVrZJeJsLUY6Duy6oMecFVaOD8Iple0bPr-How-NHLWlq3hS--_7au5H-oCmNAV1UlewvKuklhAD4DfeEIFIbjP9F40lUe6uTw-apZLtbLIUi2-bD5tijl8AYoIDXiwtACMujs4898AVah6h6ttmhUPy-rv7rWTrw1y1eljgrQeKgQrCz8sjPCT1e8MKk9U__Md5RTW--jE1Vh6M2alax1hHrsn7tvjL-0rh_IyI3OVPc1HZ71tyIRQS8SYUOKCch0GhgRKI1ATcFLTaipN3USl_U4i_TEZxRlPU0cGaDJXSHPFEbqcq5TYeGc-cQPTNXyNqD2L4rOpR9qx4dlOUyh2nDCGctJDlPsoQPCshic-IPj6btPHzvJBDob_EaablAcme7L5v6x3S-HSd_urGvL4tnCw93R_9qoubyP7llvBB8b1nqABrJ-iO72MCofoZljMtxUuGMyrJgMaybDhskw_CDeMBm2TIY1k2HLZI_R1WR8eTL1bAsOT0SEtR6XtChpUHIS8wReAeeciLJiLK3A8hVFIEgpwUQMy4SDc1FUkYgjeNqzRAQ85NETtF83tXyKcEwTLhQ2aaZAMOMsLQkIBQ6Ti1CAXXmI3nS3Kf9qkFbyPxLqEMX9G5m3OrxVmV40efSX6151dzwHOao2x3gtm_VNTlgcJuA9PLvNMp6jO5sH4QXab1dr-RKM1LY4Qnvp5PTI8hG8j8YX7z_8BHTykOo |
link.rule.ids | 315,786,790,27957,27958,33409,33780 |
linkProvider | Library Specific Holdings |
openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Formation+of+chromium+rich+oxide+scales+for+protection+against+metal+dusting&rft.jtitle=Materials+at+high+temperatures&rft.au=Grabke%2C+H.J.&rft.au=M%C3%BCller-Lorenz%2C+E.M.&rft.au=Eltester%2C+B.&rft.au=Lucas%2C+M.&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.issn=0960-3409&rft.eissn=1878-6413&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=339&rft.epage=345&rft_id=info:doi/10.1179%2Fmht.2000.17.2.023&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1179_mht_2000_17_2_023 |
thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0960-3409&client=summon |
thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0960-3409&client=summon |
thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0960-3409&client=summon |