Fentanyl as a marker of illicit drug use in morphine-positive urine specimens from workplace drug testing

• Published in: Journal of analytical toxicology Vol. 48; no. 3; pp. 185 - 190
• Main Authors: Vikingsson, Svante, Winecker, Ruth E, Kuntz, David J, Clark, Michael, Jacques, Martin, Hart, E Dale, Hayes, Eugene D, Flegel, Ronald R, Davis, Lisa S
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England 28.03.2024
• Subjects: Analgesics, Opioid; Fentanyl; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Morphine; Morphine Derivatives; Narcotics; Opioid-Related Disorders - diagnosis; Opioid-Related Disorders - epidemiology; Workplace

Total morphine is an important urinary marker of heroin use but can also be present from prescriptions or poppy seed ingestion. In specimens with morphine concentrations consistent with poppy seed ingestion (<4,000 ng/mL), 6-acetylmorphine has served as an important marker of illicit drug use. Ho...