Graphite intercalation compounds
Solid-state physicists are turning more and more to complex synthetic materials in their search for novel phenomena and potentially useful properties. Many of these materials are highly anisotropic, so that interatomic interactions can for all practical purposes be neglected along one or two crystal...
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| Published in | Physics today Vol. 31; no. 7; pp. 36 - 45 |
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| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
01.07.1978
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| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0031-9228 1945-0699 |
| DOI | 10.1063/1.2995104 |
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| Abstract | Solid-state physicists are turning more and more to complex synthetic materials in their search for novel phenomena and potentially useful properties. Many of these materials are highly anisotropic, so that interatomic interactions can for all practical purposes be neglected along one or two crystal axes. One of the oldest classes of prototype systems for exploring phenomena predicted to occur in two-dimensional systems are graphite intercalation compounds. These consist of stacks of one or more layers of hexagonally arrayed carbon atoms, alternating with monolayers of guest atoms or molecules. Striking changes in the properties of both host and guest result from intercalation. In addition to their quasi-two-dimensional behavior, fundamental interest centers on their variable anisotropy, which results from the fact that the strength of the interlayer interactions depends on the nature of the intercalated species. |
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| AbstractList | Graphite intercalation compounds consist of stacks of one or more layers of hexagonally arrayed carbon atoms, alternating with monolayers of guest atoms or molecules. Striking changes in the properties of both host and guest result from intercalation. Graphite intercalation compounds are obtained by allowing atoms or molecules to diffuse into the relatively large two-dimensional gaps between adjacent hexagonal carbon layers. A descriptive introduction is given to the physics and chemistry of graphite intercalation compounds. The electronic properties of these compounds are the subject of much current activity. Donor intercalation produces n-type metals, whereas acceptors give p-type conduction. Recently obtained data imply that, with increasing intercalant concentration, the band structure progresses from a two-carrier semimetal (pure graphite), through one-carrier free-electron-like metal in the dilute regime, to a band-overlap metal at high concentration. Attention is also given to the band structure, the optimization of conductivity, vibrations and phase transitions, and approaches to synthetic materials. Solid-state physicists are turning more and more to complex synthetic materials in their search for novel phenomena and potentially useful properties. Many of these materials are highly anisotropic, so that interatomic interactions can for all practical purposes be neglected along one or two crystal axes. One of the oldest classes of prototype systems for exploring phenomena predicted to occur in two-dimensional systems are graphite intercalation compounds. These consist of stacks of one or more layers of hexagonally arrayed carbon atoms, alternating with monolayers of guest atoms or molecules. Striking changes in the properties of both host and guest result from intercalation. In addition to their quasi-two-dimensional behavior, fundamental interest centers on their variable anisotropy, which results from the fact that the strength of the interlayer interactions depends on the nature of the intercalated species. |
| Author | Fischer, John E. Thompson, Thomas E. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: John E. surname: Fischer fullname: Fischer, John E. – sequence: 2 givenname: Thomas E. surname: Thompson fullname: Thompson, Thomas E. |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1063/1.1712323 10.1016/0025-5416(77)90020-9 10.1016/0025-5416(77)90004-0 10.1016/0025-5416(77)90005-2 10.1002/zaac.19542770307 10.1143/JPSJ.43.1237 |
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