Increased P-wave dispersion in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a meta-analysis

• Published in: Sleep & breathing Vol. 27; no. 1; pp. 291 - 301
• Main Author: Kelmanson, Igor A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01.03.2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Apnea; Atrial Fibrillation; Body Mass Index; Case-Control Studies; Child; Cognition; Dentistry; Female; Humans; Internal Medicine; Male; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Meta-analysis; Middle Aged; Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology; Pediatrics; Pneumology/Respiratory System; Sleep apnea; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive - diagnosis; Sleep Breathing Physiology and Disorders • Original Article; Sleep disorders; Statistical analysis; Young Adult; P-wave dispersion; Obstructive sleep apnea; Arrhythmias; Meta-analysis
• DOI: 10.1007/s11325-022-02630-1
• ISSN: 1520-9512; 1522-1709

Purpose Prolonged atrial conduction and inhomogeneous sinus impulse propagation may play a role in the initiation and maintenance of atrial tachyarrhythmias. Such a process could be reflected in inter-lead P-wave duration differences known as “P-wave dispersion” (PWD). Abnormal PWD may be related to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). A meta-analysis of the available publications was conducted. Methods A MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar search from 2000 to 2021 was performed. The keywords used for search were apnea AND “P wave dispersion.” Case-control studies and surveys were selected as long as they included healthy subjects and subjects with diagnosed OSAS who did not have any other major health problems. PWD values and correlations between apnea-hypopnea indices (AHI) and PWD were used as outcome measures. Results Ten studies met the inclusion creteria, encompassing 773 patients with OSAS and 347 healthy controls. The mean ages of the patients with OSAS ranged from 6.9 to 58.8 years. The estimated average Hedges’s g standardized mean difference in PWD values was equal to 1.883 (95% CI : 1.140 to 2.626, p < 0.001). The estimated average Fisher r-to-z transformed correlation coefficient between AHI and PWD was equal to 0.530 (95% CI : 0.075 to 0.985, p = 0.0225). Meta-regression analysis failed to find statistically significant correlations between the effect sizes and the mean age, male proportion, and the body mass index in the OSAS groups. Conclusion OSAS is associated with increased PWD, which may predispose to atrial tachyarrythmias.