Synergistic potential of essential oils with antibiotics to combat fungal pathogens: Present status and future perspectives
The steady rise in the emergence of antibiotic‐resistant fungal pathogens has rendered most of the clinical antibiotics available in the market to be ineffective. Therefore, alternative strategies are required to tackle drug‐resistant fungal infections. An effective solution is to combine the availa...
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| Published in | Phytotherapy research Vol. 35; no. 11; pp. 6089 - 6100 |
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| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Chichester, UK
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
01.11.2021
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | The steady rise in the emergence of antibiotic‐resistant fungal pathogens has rendered most of the clinical antibiotics available in the market to be ineffective. Therefore, alternative strategies are required to tackle drug‐resistant fungal infections. An effective solution is to combine the available antibiotics with adjuvants such as phytochemicals or essential oils to enhance the efficacy and activity of antibiotics. The present review aims to summarize the studies on synergistic combinations of essential oils and anti‐fungal antibiotics. The current findings, methods used for measuring synergistic effects, possible mechanisms of synergism, and future perspectives for developing synergistic EO‐antibiotic therapeutic formulations are discussed in this study. Several essential oils exhibit synergistic effect in combination with antibiotics against human fungal pathogens such as Candida albicans. The possible mechanisms of synergy exhibited by essential oil‐ antibiotic combinations in fungi include disruption of cell wall structure/ ergosterol biosynthesis pathway, enhanced transdermal penetration of antibiotics, alterations in membrane permeability, intracellular leakage of cellular contents, inhibition of germ tube formation or fungal biofilm formation, and competition for a primary target. Synergistic combination of essential oils and antibiotics can prove to be a valid and pragmatic alternative to develop drugs with increased drug‐efficacy, and low toxicity. |
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| AbstractList | The steady rise in the emergence of antibiotic‐resistant fungal pathogens has rendered most of the clinical antibiotics available in the market to be ineffective. Therefore, alternative strategies are required to tackle drug‐resistant fungal infections. An effective solution is to combine the available antibiotics with adjuvants such as phytochemicals or essential oils to enhance the efficacy and activity of antibiotics. The present review aims to summarize the studies on synergistic combinations of essential oils and anti‐fungal antibiotics. The current findings, methods used for measuring synergistic effects, possible mechanisms of synergism, and future perspectives for developing synergistic EO‐antibiotic therapeutic formulations are discussed in this study. Several essential oils exhibit synergistic effect in combination with antibiotics against human fungal pathogens such as
Candida albicans
. The possible mechanisms of synergy exhibited by essential oil‐ antibiotic combinations in fungi include disruption of cell wall structure/ ergosterol biosynthesis pathway, enhanced transdermal penetration of antibiotics, alterations in membrane permeability, intracellular leakage of cellular contents, inhibition of germ tube formation or fungal biofilm formation, and competition for a primary target. Synergistic combination of essential oils and antibiotics can prove to be a valid and pragmatic alternative to develop drugs with increased drug‐efficacy, and low toxicity. The steady rise in the emergence of antibiotic‐resistant fungal pathogens has rendered most of the clinical antibiotics available in the market to be ineffective. Therefore, alternative strategies are required to tackle drug‐resistant fungal infections. An effective solution is to combine the available antibiotics with adjuvants such as phytochemicals or essential oils to enhance the efficacy and activity of antibiotics. The present review aims to summarize the studies on synergistic combinations of essential oils and anti‐fungal antibiotics. The current findings, methods used for measuring synergistic effects, possible mechanisms of synergism, and future perspectives for developing synergistic EO‐antibiotic therapeutic formulations are discussed in this study. Several essential oils exhibit synergistic effect in combination with antibiotics against human fungal pathogens such as Candida albicans. The possible mechanisms of synergy exhibited by essential oil‐ antibiotic combinations in fungi include disruption of cell wall structure/ ergosterol biosynthesis pathway, enhanced transdermal penetration of antibiotics, alterations in membrane permeability, intracellular leakage of cellular contents, inhibition of germ tube formation or fungal biofilm formation, and competition for a primary target. Synergistic combination of essential oils and antibiotics can prove to be a valid and pragmatic alternative to develop drugs with increased drug‐efficacy, and low toxicity. |
| Author | Bhattacharya, Riya Dev, Kamal Rolta, Rajan Sourirajan, Anuradha |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Riya surname: Bhattacharya fullname: Bhattacharya, Riya organization: Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences – sequence: 2 givenname: Rajan surname: Rolta fullname: Rolta, Rajan organization: Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences – sequence: 3 givenname: Kamal surname: Dev fullname: Dev, Kamal organization: Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences – sequence: 4 givenname: Anuradha orcidid: 0000-0002-4265-3558 surname: Sourirajan fullname: Sourirajan, Anuradha email: asourirajan@gmail.com organization: Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences |
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| SubjectTerms | Adjuvants Antibiotics Biofilms Biosynthesis Candida albicans Cell walls drug resistance Ergosterol Essential oils Fungi human fungal infections medicinal plants Membrane permeability Oils & fats Pathogens Synergism synergistic Synergistic effect Toxicity |
| Title | Synergistic potential of essential oils with antibiotics to combat fungal pathogens: Present status and future perspectives |
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