The effect of cocoa consumption on the anthropometric outcomes in overweight and obese subjects: A time and dose–response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

[Display omitted] •Cocoa consumption significantly decreased body weight, BMI, and WC•Cocoa consumption resulted in lowered body weight in dosages ≤20 g/day.•Cocoa consumption resulted in lowered body weight in treatment duration ˃4 weeks. Inconsistencies are evident within the literature regarding...

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Published inJournal of functional foods Vol. 114; p. 106085
Main Authors Abu-Zaid, Ahmed, Prabahar, Kousalya, Hernández-Wolters, Benjamin, Jamilian, Parmida, Alyoubi, Reem Abdullah, Alyahyawi, Naseem, Mazi, Ahlam, Alkahmous, Alhassna Ali Mohamed, Kord-Varkaneh, Hamed
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier Ltd 01.03.2024
Subjects
Body mass index
Cocoa
confidence interval
Dark chocolate
dose response
meta-analysis
Obesity
overweight
waist circumference
Weight
Dark chocolate
Body mass index
Obesity
WC
Cocoa
Weight
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Abstract [Display omitted] •Cocoa consumption significantly decreased body weight, BMI, and WC•Cocoa consumption resulted in lowered body weight in dosages ≤20 g/day.•Cocoa consumption resulted in lowered body weight in treatment duration ˃4 weeks. Inconsistencies are evident within the literature regarding the effect of cocoa consumption on anthropometric outcomes. To address the influence of cocoa consumption on weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) in overweight and obese subjects we conducted a time and dose–response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and PubMed/Medline were searched for relevant articles from inception until July 11, 2023. The random effects method meta-analysis compared changes in anthropometric outcomes in participants Results are displayed as weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95 % confidence interval (CI). 19 RCTs were included in the present meta-analysis. Cocoa consumption significantly decreased body weight (WMD: −0.26 kg, 95 % CI: −0.49 to −0.02, P = 0.028), BMI (WMD: −0.16 kg/m2, 95 % CI: −0.30 to −0.02, P = 0.021), and WC (WMD: −0.69 cm, 95 % CI: −1.35 to −0.03, p = 0.038). In subgroup analyses, cocoa consumption resulted in lowered body weight in dosages ≤20 g/day (WMD: −0.33 kg), and treatment duration ˃4 weeks (WMD: −0.35 kg). In the non-linear dose–response assessment, a negative correlation was found between cocoa consumption dose (up to 50 g/day) and changes in WC (P = 0.001) and body weight (P = 0.0007). Cocoa consumption is associated with a reduction in BMI, weight, and WC in overweight and obese subjects; however, statistically significant effects were only detected in doses less than 20 g/day and interventions longer than 4 weeks.
AbstractList Inconsistencies are evident within the literature regarding the effect of cocoa consumption on anthropometric outcomes. To address the influence of cocoa consumption on weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) in overweight and obese subjects we conducted a time and dose–response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and PubMed/Medline were searched for relevant articles from inception until July 11, 2023. The random effects method meta-analysis compared changes in anthropometric outcomes in participants Results are displayed as weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95 % confidence interval (CI). 19 RCTs were included in the present meta-analysis. Cocoa consumption significantly decreased body weight (WMD: −0.26 kg, 95 % CI: −0.49 to −0.02, P = 0.028), BMI (WMD: −0.16 kg/m2, 95 % CI: −0.30 to −0.02, P = 0.021), and WC (WMD: −0.69 cm, 95 % CI: −1.35 to −0.03, p = 0.038). In subgroup analyses, cocoa consumption resulted in lowered body weight in dosages ≤20 g/day (WMD: −0.33 kg), and treatment duration ˃4 weeks (WMD: −0.35 kg). In the non-linear dose–response assessment, a negative correlation was found between cocoa consumption dose (up to 50 g/day) and changes in WC (P = 0.001) and body weight (P = 0.0007). Cocoa consumption is associated with a reduction in BMI, weight, and WC in overweight and obese subjects; however, statistically significant effects were only detected in doses less than 20 g/day and interventions longer than 4 weeks.
[Display omitted] •Cocoa consumption significantly decreased body weight, BMI, and WC•Cocoa consumption resulted in lowered body weight in dosages ≤20 g/day.•Cocoa consumption resulted in lowered body weight in treatment duration ˃4 weeks. Inconsistencies are evident within the literature regarding the effect of cocoa consumption on anthropometric outcomes. To address the influence of cocoa consumption on weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) in overweight and obese subjects we conducted a time and dose–response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and PubMed/Medline were searched for relevant articles from inception until July 11, 2023. The random effects method meta-analysis compared changes in anthropometric outcomes in participants Results are displayed as weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95 % confidence interval (CI). 19 RCTs were included in the present meta-analysis. Cocoa consumption significantly decreased body weight (WMD: −0.26 kg, 95 % CI: −0.49 to −0.02, P = 0.028), BMI (WMD: −0.16 kg/m2, 95 % CI: −0.30 to −0.02, P = 0.021), and WC (WMD: −0.69 cm, 95 % CI: −1.35 to −0.03, p = 0.038). In subgroup analyses, cocoa consumption resulted in lowered body weight in dosages ≤20 g/day (WMD: −0.33 kg), and treatment duration ˃4 weeks (WMD: −0.35 kg). In the non-linear dose–response assessment, a negative correlation was found between cocoa consumption dose (up to 50 g/day) and changes in WC (P = 0.001) and body weight (P = 0.0007). Cocoa consumption is associated with a reduction in BMI, weight, and WC in overweight and obese subjects; however, statistically significant effects were only detected in doses less than 20 g/day and interventions longer than 4 weeks.
ArticleNumber 106085
Author Mazi, Ahlam
Hernández-Wolters, Benjamin
Prabahar, Kousalya
Alyahyawi, Naseem
Abu-Zaid, Ahmed
Alyoubi, Reem Abdullah
Alkahmous, Alhassna Ali Mohamed
Kord-Varkaneh, Hamed
Jamilian, Parmida
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  organization: Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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  givenname: Benjamin
  surname: Hernández-Wolters
  fullname: Hernández-Wolters, Benjamin
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  givenname: Parmida
  surname: Jamilian
  fullname: Jamilian, Parmida
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  surname: Mazi
  fullname: Mazi, Ahlam
  organization: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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  givenname: Alhassna Ali Mohamed
  surname: Alkahmous
  fullname: Alkahmous, Alhassna Ali Mohamed
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  givenname: Hamed
  surname: Kord-Varkaneh
  fullname: Kord-Varkaneh, Hamed
  email: hamedkord39@yahoo.com
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Keywords Dark chocolate
Body mass index
Obesity
WC
Cocoa
Weight
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Snippet [Display omitted] •Cocoa consumption significantly decreased body weight, BMI, and WC•Cocoa consumption resulted in lowered body weight in dosages ≤20...
Inconsistencies are evident within the literature regarding the effect of cocoa consumption on anthropometric outcomes. To address the influence of cocoa...
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SubjectTerms Body mass index
Cocoa
confidence interval
Dark chocolate
dose response
meta-analysis
Obesity
overweight
waist circumference
Weight
Title The effect of cocoa consumption on the anthropometric outcomes in overweight and obese subjects: A time and dose–response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2024.106085
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