Additive manufacturing and characterization of a load cell with embedded strain gauges
In this paper we present the exploitation of Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) to manufacture a load cell using double extrusion of conductive and non-conductive commercial materials in a single-step printing cycle. A load cell with four embedded strain gauges, manufactured with tailored process para...
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| Published in | Precision engineering Vol. 62; pp. 113 - 120 |
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| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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Elsevier Inc
01.03.2020
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| Abstract | In this paper we present the exploitation of Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) to manufacture a load cell using double extrusion of conductive and non-conductive commercial materials in a single-step printing cycle. A load cell with four embedded strain gauges, manufactured with tailored process parameters and strategies, was used to deposit the conductive filament to obtain near equal electrical resistance values among the four strain gauges, aiming to connect them in a full Wheatstone bridge configuration. Subsequently, several tests were performed, firstly to understand the behavior of each strain gauge and then to characterize the load cell. The tests showed that the strain gauges are sensible to compressive and tensile deformation and that the load cell's voltage, obtained by connecting the four strain gauges in a full Wheatstone bridge, decreases as the force applied increases. This work demonstrates the potential of FFF technology in the sensor manufacturing field and that it is possible to integrate sensitive elements into non-sensitive elements without an additional assembly process by using low-cost commercial filaments and 3D printers.
•Manufacturing of a load cell with embedded strain gauges by using 3D printing.•Conductive and non-conductive materials in the same printing cycle.•Similar electrical resistance values among the four strain gauges.•Consistent behavior of strain gauges: two detect compression and two tension.•The output voltage of the load cell decreases when the applied weight increases. |
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| AbstractList | In this paper we present the exploitation of Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) to manufacture a load cell using double extrusion of conductive and non-conductive commercial materials in a single-step printing cycle. A load cell with four embedded strain gauges, manufactured with tailored process parameters and strategies, was used to deposit the conductive filament to obtain near equal electrical resistance values among the four strain gauges, aiming to connect them in a full Wheatstone bridge configuration. Subsequently, several tests were performed, firstly to understand the behavior of each strain gauge and then to characterize the load cell. The tests showed that the strain gauges are sensible to compressive and tensile deformation and that the load cell's voltage, obtained by connecting the four strain gauges in a full Wheatstone bridge, decreases as the force applied increases. This work demonstrates the potential of FFF technology in the sensor manufacturing field and that it is possible to integrate sensitive elements into non-sensitive elements without an additional assembly process by using low-cost commercial filaments and 3D printers.
•Manufacturing of a load cell with embedded strain gauges by using 3D printing.•Conductive and non-conductive materials in the same printing cycle.•Similar electrical resistance values among the four strain gauges.•Consistent behavior of strain gauges: two detect compression and two tension.•The output voltage of the load cell decreases when the applied weight increases. |
| Author | Lanzolla, Annamaria Percoco, Gianluca Stano, Gianni Di Nisio, Attilio |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Gianni surname: Stano fullname: Stano, Gianni email: gianni.stano@poliba.it organization: Department of Mechanics, Mathematics and Management, Polytechnic University of Bari, Viale Japigia 182, 70125, Bari, Italy – sequence: 2 givenname: Attilio surname: Di Nisio fullname: Di Nisio, Attilio organization: Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E.Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy – sequence: 3 givenname: Annamaria surname: Lanzolla fullname: Lanzolla, Annamaria organization: Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E.Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy – sequence: 4 givenname: Gianluca surname: Percoco fullname: Percoco, Gianluca organization: Department of Mechanics, Mathematics and Management, Polytechnic University of Bari, Viale Japigia 182, 70125, Bari, Italy |
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| Cites_doi | 10.5194/jsss-7-169-2018 10.1016/j.sna.2017.07.020 10.1115/1.2356499 10.1016/j.matdes.2017.10.014 10.1002/admt.201600013 10.1039/C7NR01865G 10.1007/s12541-015-0181-3 10.1016/j.synthmet.2017.01.009 10.3390/ma10030290 10.1088/0960-1317/20/12/125010 10.1002/adfm.201504755 10.1080/05704928.2017.1287082 10.1007/s11517-014-1148-8 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.570.132 10.1109/TMECH.2011.2160353 10.1371/journal.pone.0049365 10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.11.034 10.1002/adma.201701218 10.1002/adma.201703817 10.5194/jsss-7-143-2018 |
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