Immersive virtual reality in K‐12 and higher education: A 10‐year systematic review of empirical research

Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) systems offer several learning affordances, that is, characteristics that can elicit learning behaviors promoting learning outcomes in educational contexts. In particular, the immersive and interactive properties of these systems represent a strong opportunity to supp...

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Published inBritish journal of educational technology Vol. 51; no. 6; pp. 2006 - 2033
Main Authors Di Natale, Anna Flavia, Repetto, Claudia, Riva, Giuseppe, Villani, Daniela
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Coventry Wiley 01.11.2020
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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Abstract Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) systems offer several learning affordances, that is, characteristics that can elicit learning behaviors promoting learning outcomes in educational contexts. In particular, the immersive and interactive properties of these systems represent a strong opportunity to support the effective learning experiences. The present review aims at mapping IVR systems’ use in K‐12 and higher educational contexts and investigating their effectiveness in facilitating learning in terms of knowledge attainment and retention and motivational outcomes. The synthesis of the reviewed studies (n = 18) show that IVR can support a number of activities and experiences that in turn improve learning and motivate students to fulfill educational goals by eliciting their interest and engagement with the learning materials. The main advantage of IVR seems related to the possibility for users to have first‐hand experiences that would not be possible in the real world, simultaneously offering unique opportunities for experiential and situated learning, as well as promoting students’ motivation and engagement. Despite the promising findings, the reviewed studies present several methodological flaws: non‐randomized trials, small sample sizes, unbalanced samples and non‐validated measures. This in turn makes it difficult to generalize from these results. Future research is needed to investigate the unique opportunities of IVR in education.
AbstractList Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) systems offer several learning affordances, that is, characteristics that can elicit learning behaviors promoting learning outcomes in educational contexts. In particular, the immersive and interactive properties of these systems represent a strong opportunity to support the effective learning experiences. The present review aims at mapping IVR systems’ use in K‐12 and higher educational contexts and investigating their effectiveness in facilitating learning in terms of knowledge attainment and retention and motivational outcomes. The synthesis of the reviewed studies (n = 18) show that IVR can support a number of activities and experiences that in turn improve learning and motivate students to fulfill educational goals by eliciting their interest and engagement with the learning materials. The main advantage of IVR seems related to the possibility for users to have first‐hand experiences that would not be possible in the real world, simultaneously offering unique opportunities for experiential and situated learning, as well as promoting students’ motivation and engagement. Despite the promising findings, the reviewed studies present several methodological flaws: non‐randomized trials, small sample sizes, unbalanced samples and non‐validated measures. This in turn makes it difficult to generalize from these results. Future research is needed to investigate the unique opportunities of IVR in education.Practitioner NotesWhat is already known about this topic?There is an increasing use of immersive virtual reality (IVR) in different fields, including education.Experiences in IVR promote sense of presence, sense of embodiment, while supporting attentional and emotional engagement.What this paper adds?The paper outlines the learning affordances of IVR both at cognitive and affective level.The results of our systematic review show that IVR is a promising technology that can positively influence the students’ learning achievements and motivation to learn.The paper presents also a critical analysis of the included papers, which results in recommendation for future research and practice.Implication for practice and/or policy.The paper makes evidence‐based recommendations for teachers as well as researchers in the field.It introduces affordable and easy‐to‐use devices that meet the affordances of IVR for improving learning.
Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) systems offer several learning affordances, that is, characteristics that can elicit learning behaviors promoting learning outcomes in educational contexts. In particular, the immersive and interactive properties of these systems represent a strong opportunity to support the effective learning experiences. The present review aims at mapping IVR systems' use in K-12 and higher educational contexts and investigating their effectiveness in facilitating learning in terms of knowledge attainment and retention and motivational outcomes. The synthesis of the reviewed studies (n = 18) show that IVR can support a number of activities and experiences that in turn improve learning and motivate students to fulfill educational goals by eliciting their interest and engagement with the learning materials. The main advantage of IVR seems related to the possibility for users to have first-hand experiences that would not be possible in the real world, simultaneously offering unique opportunities for experiential and situated learning, as well as promoting students' motivation and engagement. Despite the promising findings, the reviewed studies present several methodological flaws: non-randomized trials, small sample sizes, unbalanced samples and non-validated measures. This in turn makes it difficult to generalize from these results. Future research is needed to investigate the unique opportunities of IVR in education.
Audience Elementary Secondary Education
Higher Education
Postsecondary Education
Author Di Natale, Anna Flavia
Repetto, Claudia
Riva, Giuseppe
Villani, Daniela
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  orcidid: 0000-0003-2225-3159
  surname: Di Natale
  fullname: Di Natale, Anna Flavia
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– sequence: 2
  givenname: Claudia
  orcidid: 0000-0001-8365-7697
  surname: Repetto
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  givenname: Giuseppe
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  surname: Riva
  fullname: Riva, Giuseppe
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Daniela
  orcidid: 0000-0002-2435-4036
  surname: Villani
  fullname: Villani, Daniela
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Snippet Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) systems offer several learning affordances, that is, characteristics that can elicit learning behaviors promoting learning...
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SubjectTerms 360° videos
affordances
Computer Simulation
Educational Objectives
Elementary Secondary Education
Higher Education
Immersive virtual reality
Instructional Improvement
Instructional Materials
Learner Engagement
Learning
Learning Motivation
Motivation
Outcomes of Education
school subject
Situated Learning
Student Motivation
Students
System effectiveness
Virtual reality
Title Immersive virtual reality in K‐12 and higher education: A 10‐year systematic review of empirical research
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fbjet.13030
http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ1273787
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Volume 51
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