Utilizing biocatalysis and a sulfolane-mediated reductive acetal opening to access nemtabrutinib from cyrene

• Published in: Green chemistry : an international journal and green chemistry resource : GC Vol. 25; no. 2; pp. 66 - 613
• Main Authors: Kuhl, Nadine, Turnbull, Ben W. H, Ji, Yining, Larson, Reed T, Shevlin, Michael, Prier, Christopher K, Chung, Cheol K, Desmond, Richard, Guetschow, Erik, He, Cyndi Qixin, Itoh, Tetsuji, Kuethe, Jeffrey T, Newman, Justin A, Reibarkh, Mikhail, Rivera, Nelo R, Shang, Gao, Wang, Zhixun, Zewge, Daniel, Thaisrivongs, David A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge Royal Society of Chemistry 23.01.2023
• Subjects: Catalysis; Diborane; Environmental impact; Green chemistry; Malignancy; Reducing agents; Stereoselectivity; Sulfolane
• DOI: 10.1039/d2gc04117k
• ISSN: 1463-9262

The chiral building block 5-amino-2-hydroxymethyltetrahydropyran 1a has been previously synthesized through a cumbersome 9-step synthesis from tri- O -acetyl-D-glucal, which renders access to nemtabrutinib ( 2 ), a BTK inhibitor currently being evaluated for the treatment of various hematologic malignancies, inefficient and wasteful. Herein, we describe the development of a protecting group-free, 2-step synthesis of 1a from Cyrene™, a biorenewable feedstock. The improved synthesis involves a biocatalytic transamination reaction of Cyrene™ to install the desired amine stereocenter in a single step with high diastereoselectivity. The enzymatic reaction is followed by a stereo-retentive reductive acetal opening reaction of the chiral cyrene amine intermediate 3a to furnish 1a . A mechanistic investigation of the acetal opening reaction is also described which uncovered reaction conditions for the sulfolane mediated in situ generation of diborane as the active reductant. The streamlined synthesis of 1a from Cyrene™ reduced the step count from 9 to 2 synthetic steps which resulted in a >27% yield improvement and a significant reduction in the environmental impact of the synthesis. The development of a protecting group-free, 2-step synthesis of 5-amino-2-hydroxymethyltetrahydropyran 1a from biorenewable Cyrene™ is described which renders access to BTK-inhibitor nemtabrutinib ( 2 ) more efficient and sustainable.