Spontaneous symmetry breaking in polar fluids

Spontaneous symmetry breaking and emergent polar order are each of fundamental importance to a range of scientific disciplines, as well as generating rich phase behaviour in liquid crystals (LCs). Here, we show the union of these phenomena to lead to two previously undiscovered polar liquid states o...

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Published inNature communications Vol. 15; no. 1; pp. 5845 - 9
Main Authors Gibb, Calum J., Hobbs, Jordan, Nikolova, Diana I., Raistrick, Thomas, Berrow, Stuart R., Mertelj, Alenka, Osterman, Natan, Sebastián, Nerea, Gleeson, Helen F., Mandle, Richard. J.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 11.07.2024
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Subjects
639/638/298/919
639/766/94
Ambient temperature
Antiferroelectricity
Binary mixtures
Broken symmetry
Crystals
Ferroelectric materials
Humanities and Social Sciences
Iron constituents
Lamellar structure
Light reflection
Liquid crystals
Melting point
Melting points
Molecular structure
multidisciplinary
Phases
Room temperature
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Spin structure
Symmetry
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Abstract Spontaneous symmetry breaking and emergent polar order are each of fundamental importance to a range of scientific disciplines, as well as generating rich phase behaviour in liquid crystals (LCs). Here, we show the union of these phenomena to lead to two previously undiscovered polar liquid states of matter. Both phases have a lamellar structure with an inherent polar ordering of their constituent molecules. The first of these phases is characterised by polar order and a local tilted structure; the tilt direction processes about a helix orthogonal to the layer normal, the period of which is such that we observe selective reflection of light. The second new phase type is anti-ferroelectric, with the constituent molecules aligning orthogonally to the layer normal. This has led us to term the phases the Sm C P H and SmA AF phases, respectively. Further to this, we obtain room temperature ferroelectric nematic (N F ) and Sm C P H phases via binary mixture formulation of the novel materials described here with a standard N F compound (DIO), with the resultant materials having melting points (and/or glass transitions) which are significantly below ambient temperature. The new soft matter phase types discovered herein can be considered as electrical analogues of topological structures of magnetic spins in hard matter. Spontaneous symmetry breaking and emergent polar order are key to liquid crystal phase behaviour. This study reveals two new polar liquid states with lamellar structures, providing novel insights into electrical analogues of magnetic spin structures.
AbstractList Spontaneous symmetry breaking and emergent polar order are each of fundamental importance to a range of scientific disciplines, as well as generating rich phase behaviour in liquid crystals (LCs). Here, we show the union of these phenomena to lead to two previously undiscovered polar liquid states of matter. Both phases have a lamellar structure with an inherent polar ordering of their constituent molecules. The first of these phases is characterised by polar order and a local tilted structure; the tilt direction processes about a helix orthogonal to the layer normal, the period of which is such that we observe selective reflection of light. The second new phase type is anti-ferroelectric, with the constituent molecules aligning orthogonally to the layer normal. This has led us to term the phases the SmCPH and SmAAF phases, respectively. Further to this, we obtain room temperature ferroelectric nematic (NF) and SmCPH phases via binary mixture formulation of the novel materials described here with a standard NF compound (DIO), with the resultant materials having melting points (and/or glass transitions) which are significantly below ambient temperature. The new soft matter phase types discovered herein can be considered as electrical analogues of topological structures of magnetic spins in hard matter.Spontaneous symmetry breaking and emergent polar order are key to liquid crystal phase behaviour. This study reveals two new polar liquid states with lamellar structures, providing novel insights into electrical analogues of magnetic spin structures.
Spontaneous symmetry breaking and emergent polar order are each of fundamental importance to a range of scientific disciplines, as well as generating rich phase behaviour in liquid crystals (LCs). Here, we show the union of these phenomena to lead to two previously undiscovered polar liquid states of matter. Both phases have a lamellar structure with an inherent polar ordering of their constituent molecules. The first of these phases is characterised by polar order and a local tilted structure; the tilt direction processes about a helix orthogonal to the layer normal, the period of which is such that we observe selective reflection of light. The second new phase type is anti-ferroelectric, with the constituent molecules aligning orthogonally to the layer normal. This has led us to term the phases the $${{{\rm{Sm}}}{{{\rm{C}}}_{{{\rm{P}}}^{{{\rm{H}}}$$ Sm C P H and SmA AF phases, respectively. Further to this, we obtain room temperature ferroelectric nematic (N F ) and $${{{\rm{Sm}}}{{{\rm{C}}}_{{{\rm{P}}}^{{{\rm{H}}}$$ Sm C P H phases via binary mixture formulation of the novel materials described here with a standard N F compound (DIO), with the resultant materials having melting points (and/or glass transitions) which are significantly below ambient temperature. The new soft matter phase types discovered herein can be considered as electrical analogues of topological structures of magnetic spins in hard matter.
Abstract Spontaneous symmetry breaking and emergent polar order are each of fundamental importance to a range of scientific disciplines, as well as generating rich phase behaviour in liquid crystals (LCs). Here, we show the union of these phenomena to lead to two previously undiscovered polar liquid states of matter. Both phases have a lamellar structure with an inherent polar ordering of their constituent molecules. The first of these phases is characterised by polar order and a local tilted structure; the tilt direction processes about a helix orthogonal to the layer normal, the period of which is such that we observe selective reflection of light. The second new phase type is anti-ferroelectric, with the constituent molecules aligning orthogonally to the layer normal. This has led us to term the phases the $${{{\rm{Sm}}}{{{\rm{C}}}_{{{\rm{P}}}^{{{\rm{H}}}$$ Sm C P H and SmAAF phases, respectively. Further to this, we obtain room temperature ferroelectric nematic (NF) and $${{{\rm{Sm}}}{{{\rm{C}}}_{{{\rm{P}}}^{{{\rm{H}}}$$ Sm C P H phases via binary mixture formulation of the novel materials described here with a standard NF compound (DIO), with the resultant materials having melting points (and/or glass transitions) which are significantly below ambient temperature. The new soft matter phase types discovered herein can be considered as electrical analogues of topological structures of magnetic spins in hard matter.
Spontaneous symmetry breaking and emergent polar order are each of fundamental importance to a range of scientific disciplines, as well as generating rich phase behaviour in liquid crystals (LCs). Here, we show the union of these phenomena to lead to two previously undiscovered polar liquid states of matter. Both phases have a lamellar structure with an inherent polar ordering of their constituent molecules. The first of these phases is characterised by polar order and a local tilted structure; the tilt direction processes about a helix orthogonal to the layer normal, the period of which is such that we observe selective reflection of light. The second new phase type is anti-ferroelectric, with the constituent molecules aligning orthogonally to the layer normal. This has led us to term the phases the Sm C P H and SmAAF phases, respectively. Further to this, we obtain room temperature ferroelectric nematic (NF) and Sm C P H phases via binary mixture formulation of the novel materials described here with a standard NF compound (DIO), with the resultant materials having melting points (and/or glass transitions) which are significantly below ambient temperature. The new soft matter phase types discovered herein can be considered as electrical analogues of topological structures of magnetic spins in hard matter.Spontaneous symmetry breaking and emergent polar order are each of fundamental importance to a range of scientific disciplines, as well as generating rich phase behaviour in liquid crystals (LCs). Here, we show the union of these phenomena to lead to two previously undiscovered polar liquid states of matter. Both phases have a lamellar structure with an inherent polar ordering of their constituent molecules. The first of these phases is characterised by polar order and a local tilted structure; the tilt direction processes about a helix orthogonal to the layer normal, the period of which is such that we observe selective reflection of light. The second new phase type is anti-ferroelectric, with the constituent molecules aligning orthogonally to the layer normal. This has led us to term the phases the Sm C P H and SmAAF phases, respectively. Further to this, we obtain room temperature ferroelectric nematic (NF) and Sm C P H phases via binary mixture formulation of the novel materials described here with a standard NF compound (DIO), with the resultant materials having melting points (and/or glass transitions) which are significantly below ambient temperature. The new soft matter phase types discovered herein can be considered as electrical analogues of topological structures of magnetic spins in hard matter.
Spontaneous symmetry breaking and emergent polar order are each of fundamental importance to a range of scientific disciplines, as well as generating rich phase behaviour in liquid crystals (LCs). Here, we show the union of these phenomena to lead to two previously undiscovered polar liquid states of matter. Both phases have a lamellar structure with an inherent polar ordering of their constituent molecules. The first of these phases is characterised by polar order and a local tilted structure; the tilt direction processes about a helix orthogonal to the layer normal, the period of which is such that we observe selective reflection of light. The second new phase type is anti-ferroelectric, with the constituent molecules aligning orthogonally to the layer normal. This has led us to term the phases the Sm C P H and SmA AF phases, respectively. Further to this, we obtain room temperature ferroelectric nematic (N F ) and Sm C P H phases via binary mixture formulation of the novel materials described here with a standard N F compound (DIO), with the resultant materials having melting points (and/or glass transitions) which are significantly below ambient temperature. The new soft matter phase types discovered herein can be considered as electrical analogues of topological structures of magnetic spins in hard matter. Spontaneous symmetry breaking and emergent polar order are key to liquid crystal phase behaviour. This study reveals two new polar liquid states with lamellar structures, providing novel insights into electrical analogues of magnetic spin structures.
Spontaneous symmetry breaking and emergent polar order are each of fundamental importance to a range of scientific disciplines, as well as generating rich phase behaviour in liquid crystals (LCs). Here, we show the union of these phenomena to lead to two previously undiscovered polar liquid states of matter. Both phases have a lamellar structure with an inherent polar ordering of their constituent molecules. The first of these phases is characterised by polar order and a local tilted structure; the tilt direction processes about a helix orthogonal to the layer normal, the period of which is such that we observe selective reflection of light. The second new phase type is anti-ferroelectric, with the constituent molecules aligning orthogonally to the layer normal. This has led us to term the phases the and SmA phases, respectively. Further to this, we obtain room temperature ferroelectric nematic (N ) and phases via binary mixture formulation of the novel materials described here with a standard N compound (DIO), with the resultant materials having melting points (and/or glass transitions) which are significantly below ambient temperature. The new soft matter phase types discovered herein can be considered as electrical analogues of topological structures of magnetic spins in hard matter.
ArticleNumber 5845
Author Mandle, Richard. J.
Gibb, Calum J.
Gleeson, Helen F.
Osterman, Natan
Raistrick, Thomas
Nikolova, Diana I.
Berrow, Stuart R.
Sebastián, Nerea
Mertelj, Alenka
Hobbs, Jordan
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Snippet Spontaneous symmetry breaking and emergent polar order are each of fundamental importance to a range of scientific disciplines, as well as generating rich...
Abstract Spontaneous symmetry breaking and emergent polar order are each of fundamental importance to a range of scientific disciplines, as well as generating...
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SubjectTerms 639/638/298/919
639/766/94
Ambient temperature
Antiferroelectricity
Binary mixtures
Broken symmetry
Crystals
Ferroelectric materials
Humanities and Social Sciences
Iron constituents
Lamellar structure
Light reflection
Liquid crystals
Melting point
Melting points
Molecular structure
multidisciplinary
Phases
Room temperature
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Spin structure
Symmetry
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Title Spontaneous symmetry breaking in polar fluids
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