Recycled windshield glass as new material for producing ultrasonic phantoms of cortical bone-healing stages

• Published in: Biomedical physics & engineering express Vol. 7; no. 5; pp. 55017 - 55029
• Main Authors: Catelani, Fernanda, Costa-Júnior, José Francisco Silva, de Andrade, Mônica Calixto, Von Krüger, Marco Antônio, Pereira, Wagner Coelho de Albuquerque
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England IOP Publishing 01.09.2021
• Subjects: bone healing; Cortical Bone - diagnostic imaging; cortical bone-mimicking phantom; Phantoms, Imaging; quantitative ultrasound; recycled material; Ultrasonics; Ultrasonography; windshield glass; quantitative ultrasound; cortical bone-mimicking phantom; windshield glass; bone healing; recycled material
• ISSN: 2057-1976; 2057-1976
• DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ac19ce

The quantitative ultrasound technique was used to evaluate bone-mimicking phantoms; however, these phantoms do not mimic the intermediate stages of cortical bone healing. We propose using windshield glass as an original material to produce phantoms that mimic the characteristics of three different stages of cortical bone healing. This material was processed via a route that included breaking, grinding, compacting, drying, and sintering in four temperature groups: 625 °C, 645 °C, 657 °C, and 663 °C. The parameters evaluated were the ultrasonic longitudinal phase velocity (cL), corrected (αc) ultrasonic attenuation coefficient, and bulk density (ρs). The results showed that the mean values ofcL,αc,andρsvaried from 2, 398 to 4, 406 m·s , 3 to 10 dB·cm , and 1, 563 to 2, 089 kg·m , respectively. The phantoms exhibited properties comparable with the three stages of cortical bone healing and can be employed in diagnostic and therapeutic studies using ultrasound.