“Being Queer, It Was Really Isolating”: Stigma and Mental Health Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ+) Young People During COVID-19
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and other sexual and gender minority (LGBTQ+) youth and young adults (YYAs) have poorer mental health outcomes than their cisgender, heterosexual peers in large part due to multilevel stigmatization and minority stress. This was exacerbated by psychologica...
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Published in | Health education & behavior Vol. 51; no. 4; pp. 521 - 532 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Los Angeles, CA
SAGE Publications
01.08.2024
SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC |
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Abstract | Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and other sexual and gender minority (LGBTQ+) youth and young adults (YYAs) have poorer mental health outcomes than their cisgender, heterosexual peers in large part due to multilevel stigmatization and minority stress. This was exacerbated by psychological stressors stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic; these experiences intersected with YYA unique developmental stage. Here we explored LGBTQ+ YYA’s pandemic-related experiences, focusing on intersections between stigma and belonging, developmental processes, and their relationship to mental health. We conducted qualitative interviews from August to November 2021 with 34 LGBTQ+ YYA ages 14 to 24; interviews were nested within a quantitative study on YYA experiences during COVID-19. Interviews were transcribed and coded using thematic analysis. YYA described how pandemic impacts like quarantine and isolation directly impacted their mental health; these coalesced around four types of thematic shifts: shifts in (1) time, (2) living situations, (3) community supports, and (4) social and political climate. Multilevel stigmatization also created new mechanisms of norm enforcement for LGBTQ+ YYA. Interviews demonstrated how the pandemic also impacted key developmental processes including identity formation and autonomy seeking. The potential consequences of these pandemic-related shifts largely depended on YYA’s experiences of stigma and/or belonging throughout the pandemic. Findings suggested that isolation from the COVID-19 pandemic intersected with existing socio-ecological structures in LGBTQ+ young people’s lives. Efforts to investigate longitudinal impacts of the pandemic, as well as to intervene to reduce the stigmatization experienced by LGBTQ+ YYA, remain urgent. |
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AbstractList | Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and other sexual and gender minority (LGBTQ+) youth and young adults (YYAs) have poorer mental health outcomes than their cisgender, heterosexual peers in large part due to multilevel stigmatization and minority stress. This was exacerbated by psychological stressors stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic; these experiences intersected with YYA unique developmental stage. Here we explored LGBTQ+ YYA’s pandemic-related experiences, focusing on intersections between stigma and belonging, developmental processes, and their relationship to mental health. We conducted qualitative interviews from August to November 2021 with 34 LGBTQ+ YYA ages 14 to 24; interviews were nested within a quantitative study on YYA experiences during COVID-19. Interviews were transcribed and coded using thematic analysis. YYA described how pandemic impacts like quarantine and isolation directly impacted their mental health; these coalesced around four types of thematic shifts: shifts in (1) time, (2) living situations, (3) community supports, and (4) social and political climate. Multilevel stigmatization also created new mechanisms of norm enforcement for LGBTQ+ YYA. Interviews demonstrated how the pandemic also impacted key developmental processes including identity formation and autonomy seeking. The potential consequences of these pandemic-related shifts largely depended on YYA’s experiences of stigma and/or belonging throughout the pandemic. Findings suggested that isolation from the COVID-19 pandemic intersected with existing socio-ecological structures in LGBTQ+ young people’s lives. Efforts to investigate longitudinal impacts of the pandemic, as well as to intervene to reduce the stigmatization experienced by LGBTQ+ YYA, remain urgent. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and other sexual and gender minority (LGBTQ+) youth and young adults (YYAs) have poorer mental health outcomes than their cisgender, heterosexual peers in large part due to multilevel stigmatization and minority stress. This was exacerbated by psychological stressors stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic; these experiences intersected with YYA unique developmental stage. Here we explored LGBTQ+ YYA's pandemic-related experiences, focusing on intersections between stigma and belonging, developmental processes, and their relationship to mental health. We conducted qualitative interviews from August to November 2021 with 34 LGBTQ+ YYA ages 14 to 24; interviews were nested within a quantitative study on YYA experiences during COVID-19. Interviews were transcribed and coded using thematic analysis. YYA described how pandemic impacts like quarantine and isolation directly impacted their mental health; these coalesced around four types of thematic shifts: shifts in (1) time, (2) living situations, (3) community supports, and (4) social and political climate. Multilevel stigmatization also created new mechanisms of norm enforcement for LGBTQ+ YYA. Interviews demonstrated how the pandemic also impacted key developmental processes including identity formation and autonomy seeking. The potential consequences of these pandemic-related shifts largely depended on YYA's experiences of stigma and/or belonging throughout the pandemic. Findings suggested that isolation from the COVID-19 pandemic intersected with existing socio-ecological structures in LGBTQ+ young people's lives. Efforts to investigate longitudinal impacts of the pandemic, as well as to intervene to reduce the stigmatization experienced by LGBTQ+ YYA, remain urgent.Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and other sexual and gender minority (LGBTQ+) youth and young adults (YYAs) have poorer mental health outcomes than their cisgender, heterosexual peers in large part due to multilevel stigmatization and minority stress. This was exacerbated by psychological stressors stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic; these experiences intersected with YYA unique developmental stage. Here we explored LGBTQ+ YYA's pandemic-related experiences, focusing on intersections between stigma and belonging, developmental processes, and their relationship to mental health. We conducted qualitative interviews from August to November 2021 with 34 LGBTQ+ YYA ages 14 to 24; interviews were nested within a quantitative study on YYA experiences during COVID-19. Interviews were transcribed and coded using thematic analysis. YYA described how pandemic impacts like quarantine and isolation directly impacted their mental health; these coalesced around four types of thematic shifts: shifts in (1) time, (2) living situations, (3) community supports, and (4) social and political climate. Multilevel stigmatization also created new mechanisms of norm enforcement for LGBTQ+ YYA. Interviews demonstrated how the pandemic also impacted key developmental processes including identity formation and autonomy seeking. The potential consequences of these pandemic-related shifts largely depended on YYA's experiences of stigma and/or belonging throughout the pandemic. Findings suggested that isolation from the COVID-19 pandemic intersected with existing socio-ecological structures in LGBTQ+ young people's lives. Efforts to investigate longitudinal impacts of the pandemic, as well as to intervene to reduce the stigmatization experienced by LGBTQ+ YYA, remain urgent. |
Author | Macapagal, Kathryn Floresca, Ysabel Beatrice Narla, Shreya Philbin, Morgan M. Felt, Dylan Phillips, Gregory Ruprecht, Megan M. |
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Cites_doi | 10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.674 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104720 10.1176/appi.ajp.159.7.1201 10.1080/07481187.2021.1984339 10.1080/15374416.2010.486314 10.1037/sgd0000520 10.1177/0033354920954511 10.1017/S1743923X20000707 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.12.020 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.1475 10.1089/trgh.2021.0129 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113855 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.01.004 10.1080/13811118.2021.1967237 10.1037/a0014795 10.1097/NNR.0000000000000504 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115788 10.2105/AJPH.2009.168815 10.1037/10317-001 10.2105/AJPH.2021.306394 10.3390/ijerph19073921 10.1016/j.jbi.2008.08.010 10.1177/20503121221086712 10.1007/s10935-018-0508-9 10.1037/0003-066X.55.5.469 10.1007/s10964-010-9533-6 10.1007/s00127-020-01896-8 10.1080/19361653.2016.1185760 10.1111/j.1744-6171.2010.00246.x 10.1191/1478088706qp063oa 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106191 10.1080/00224499.2012.661489 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190243470.013.4 10.1177/10901981231201146 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-021815-093153 10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.03.022 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.06.002 10.2105/AJPH.2012.301069 10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181b76697 10.1111/jora.12671 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01946 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01459.x 10.3390/sexes4040042 10.1177/2167696820968699 10.1177/1049732315602867 |
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SubjectTerms | Adolescent Autonomy Belonging Bisexuality Cisgender COVID-19 COVID-19 - epidemiology COVID-19 - psychology Developmental processes Developmental stages Enforcement Female Gays & lesbians Health status Heterosexuality Homosexuality Humans Identity formation Interviews Interviews as Topic Lesbianism LGBTQ people Male Mental Health Pandemics Qualitative Research Quantitative research Quarantine SARS-CoV-2 Self Actualization Sexual and Gender Minorities - psychology Sexual Identity Sexual orientation Social Isolation - psychology Social Stigma Stigma Transgender persons Young Adult Young adults Youth |
Title | “Being Queer, It Was Really Isolating”: Stigma and Mental Health Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ+) Young People During COVID-19 |
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