Nonlinear dynamics of an interband cascade laser with optical injection

This work reports the nonlinear dynamics of a mid-infrared interband cascade laser (ICL) subject to optical injection. It is shown that the stable locking regime is asymmetric and broadens with increasing injection strength. Outside the locking regime, the ICL mostly produces period-one oscillations...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inOptics express Vol. 32; no. 10; p. 16722
Main Authors Lin, Kai-Li, Wang, Peng-Lei, Peng, Yi-Bo, Deng, Yu, Wang, Cheng
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States 06.05.2024
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Loading…
Abstract This work reports the nonlinear dynamics of a mid-infrared interband cascade laser (ICL) subject to optical injection. It is shown that the stable locking regime is asymmetric and broadens with increasing injection strength. Outside the locking regime, the ICL mostly produces period-one oscillations. However, three categories of periodic pulse oscillations are observed in the vicinity of the Hopf bifurcation and the saddle-node bifurcation. In particular, it is found that the ICL generates broadband chaos at a near-threshold pump current, and the chaos bandwidth is over 300 MHz.
AbstractList This work reports the nonlinear dynamics of a mid-infrared interband cascade laser (ICL) subject to optical injection. It is shown that the stable locking regime is asymmetric and broadens with increasing injection strength. Outside the locking regime, the ICL mostly produces period-one oscillations. However, three categories of periodic pulse oscillations are observed in the vicinity of the Hopf bifurcation and the saddle-node bifurcation. In particular, it is found that the ICL generates broadband chaos at a near-threshold pump current, and the chaos bandwidth is over 300 MHz.This work reports the nonlinear dynamics of a mid-infrared interband cascade laser (ICL) subject to optical injection. It is shown that the stable locking regime is asymmetric and broadens with increasing injection strength. Outside the locking regime, the ICL mostly produces period-one oscillations. However, three categories of periodic pulse oscillations are observed in the vicinity of the Hopf bifurcation and the saddle-node bifurcation. In particular, it is found that the ICL generates broadband chaos at a near-threshold pump current, and the chaos bandwidth is over 300 MHz.
This work reports the nonlinear dynamics of a mid-infrared interband cascade laser (ICL) subject to optical injection. It is shown that the stable locking regime is asymmetric and broadens with increasing injection strength. Outside the locking regime, the ICL mostly produces period-one oscillations. However, three categories of periodic pulse oscillations are observed in the vicinity of the Hopf bifurcation and the saddle-node bifurcation. In particular, it is found that the ICL generates broadband chaos at a near-threshold pump current, and the chaos bandwidth is over 300 MHz.
Author Deng, Yu
Wang, Cheng
Wang, Peng-Lei
Lin, Kai-Li
Peng, Yi-Bo
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Kai-Li
  surname: Lin
  fullname: Lin, Kai-Li
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Peng-Lei
  surname: Wang
  fullname: Wang, Peng-Lei
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Yi-Bo
  surname: Peng
  fullname: Peng, Yi-Bo
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Yu
  surname: Deng
  fullname: Deng, Yu
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Cheng
  orcidid: 0000-0002-3029-1166
  surname: Wang
  fullname: Wang, Cheng
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38858871$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNplkDFPwzAUhC1URGlh4A8gjzCkdeI4dkZUlYJU0QVm68V-Ea5Sp9ipUP89qdpKCKZ3w3endzciA996JOQuZZOUF_l0NZ-IjCkhLsh1yso8yZmSg196SEYxrhlLc1nKKzLkSgmlZHpNFm-tb5xHCNTuPWycibStKXjqfIehAm-pgWjAIm0gYqDfrvuk7bZzBpoeWqPpXOtvyGUNTcTb0x2Tj-f5--wlWa4Wr7OnZWJ4xrqEy7Kq8rQscitB8JIVdSUKVLzqH5MImcVMsMwagQAVSNvzqhZYCGOqjEk-Jg_H3G1ov3YYO71x0WDTgMd2FzVnRSFLxmTZo_cndFdt0OptcBsIe30u3wPTI2BCG2PAWhvXwaFNF8A1OmX6MK9ezfVx3t7x-MdxDv3P_gBQPHld
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1364_OL_525636
crossref_primary_10_3390_photonics11121192
Cites_doi 10.1364/OE.391854
10.1038/s41467-023-40152-w
10.1063/5.0090937
10.1109/68.393181
10.1109/JQE.2020.2972373
10.1016/S0030-4018(00)00865-8
10.1109/JQE.1982.1071632
10.1088/1355-5111/9/5/009
10.1049/el:19970421
10.1006/spmi.1995.1017
10.1038/s41467-021-23527-9
10.1109/JSTQE.2012.2237017
10.1109/JQE.2023.3314098
10.1109/JQE.1986.1073018
10.1016/S0030-4018(03)01466-4
10.1063/5.0006823
10.1063/5.0062500
10.1364/OL.41.001153
10.1117/12.2651426
10.1038/lsa.2016.88
10.1364/OL.31.002254
10.3390/photonics7030075
10.1063/1.2967730
10.3390/app112411730
10.1109/JSTQE.2011.2121055
10.1109/JSTQE.2004.835296
10.1016/j.physrep.2005.06.003
10.1038/s41377-021-00697-1
10.1049/el:19840734
10.1109/3.556013
10.1038/srep27825
10.1364/OE.27.031425
10.1016/S0026-2692(99)00061-0
10.1049/el:19850492
10.1109/3.55523
10.1364/OE.459225
10.1063/5.0177896
10.1364/OE.494755
10.1016/S0030-4018(99)00603-3
10.1109/JSTQE.2011.2114331
10.1038/s41566-023-01158-4
10.1109/LPT.2023.3335856
10.1364/OE.15.014921
10.1117/1.APN.3.1.016003
10.1038/nphoton.2008.227
10.1109/JSTQE.2004.836017
10.1038/nature04275
10.1063/1.5123005
10.1364/OPTICA.6.000890
ContentType Journal Article
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
NPM
7X8
DOI 10.1364/OE.520855
DatabaseName CrossRef
PubMed
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
PubMed
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList MEDLINE - Academic
CrossRef
PubMed
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Physics
EISSN 1094-4087
ExternalDocumentID 38858871
10_1364_OE_520855
Genre Journal Article
GroupedDBID ---
123
29N
2WC
8SL
AAFWJ
AAWJZ
AAYXX
ACGFO
ADBBV
AEDJG
AENEX
AFPKN
AKGWG
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ATHME
AYPRP
AZSQR
AZYMN
BAWUL
BCNDV
CITATION
CS3
DIK
DSZJF
DU5
E3Z
EBS
F5P
GROUPED_DOAJ
GX1
KQ8
M~E
OFLFD
OK1
OPJBK
OPLUZ
OVT
P2P
RNS
ROL
ROS
TR2
TR6
XSB
NPM
ROP
7X8
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c320t-379bb41964d7a53906fb56e83b7977ea2de2502dc5eaaba7d79b8f5e65ccb2073
ISSN 1094-4087
IngestDate Fri Jul 11 05:11:39 EDT 2025
Wed Feb 19 02:09:52 EST 2025
Tue Jul 01 04:01:59 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 23:08:25 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess false
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 10
Language English
LinkModel OpenURL
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c320t-379bb41964d7a53906fb56e83b7977ea2de2502dc5eaaba7d79b8f5e65ccb2073
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
ORCID 0000-0002-3029-1166
OpenAccessLink https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.520855
PMID 38858871
PQID 3066790079
PQPubID 23479
ParticipantIDs proquest_miscellaneous_3066790079
pubmed_primary_38858871
crossref_citationtrail_10_1364_OE_520855
crossref_primary_10_1364_OE_520855
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2024-05-06
2024-May-06
20240506
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2024-05-06
PublicationDate_xml – month: 05
  year: 2024
  text: 2024-05-06
  day: 06
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace United States
PublicationPlace_xml – name: United States
PublicationTitle Optics express
PublicationTitleAlternate Opt Express
PublicationYear 2024
References Hwang (oe-32-10-16722-R13) 2004; 10
Chan (oe-32-10-16722-R14) 2006; 31
Peng (oe-32-10-16722-R17) 2023; 33
AlMulla (oe-32-10-16722-R44) 2020; 28
Lin (oe-32-10-16722-R3) 1984; 20
Yang (oe-32-10-16722-R18) 1995; 17
Lin (oe-32-10-16722-R9) 2004; 10
Deng (oe-32-10-16722-R26) 2019; 115
Schwarz (oe-32-10-16722-R28) 2019; 6
Deng (oe-32-10-16722-R31) 2022; 11
Helms (oe-32-10-16722-R32) 1990; 26
Uchida (oe-32-10-16722-R11) 2008; 2
Fan (oe-32-10-16722-R29) 2021; 119
Xie (oe-32-10-16722-R8) 2023; 3
Chen (oe-32-10-16722-R10) 2023; 17
Lin (oe-32-10-16722-R45) 2003; 221
Hwang (oe-32-10-16722-R43) 2000; 183
Deng (oe-32-10-16722-R50) 2020; 56
Liu (oe-32-10-16722-R34) 2023; 31
Mogensen (oe-32-10-16722-R5) 1985; 21
Vurgaftman (oe-32-10-16722-R24) 2011; 17
Peng (oe-32-10-16722-R16) 2022; 30
Lang (oe-32-10-16722-R51) 1982; 18
Deng (oe-32-10-16722-R47) 2020; 116
Díaz-Thomas (oe-32-10-16722-R21) 2019; 27
Huang (oe-32-10-16722-R22) 2024; 36
Wang (oe-32-10-16722-R41) 2016; 41
Wieczorek (oe-32-10-16722-R37) 1999; 172
Li (oe-32-10-16722-R52) 2022; 120
Shen (oe-32-10-16722-R12) 2023; 14
Wieczorek (oe-32-10-16722-R6) 2005; 416
Chan (oe-32-10-16722-R40) 2007; 15
Zhao (oe-32-10-16722-R35) 2021; 11
Argyris (oe-32-10-16722-R7) 2005; 438
Massengale (oe-32-10-16722-R23) 2023; 59
van der Graaf (oe-32-10-16722-R38) 1997; 33
Yang (oe-32-10-16722-R49) 1999; 30
Ohtsubo (oe-32-10-16722-R1) 2017
Lin (oe-32-10-16722-R19) 1997; 33
Vurgaftman (oe-32-10-16722-R25) 2013; 19
Simpson (oe-32-10-16722-R2) 1995; 7
Spitz (oe-32-10-16722-R36) 2021; 12
Qi (oe-32-10-16722-R15) 2011; 17
Meyer (oe-32-10-16722-R20) 2020; 7
Grillot (oe-32-10-16722-R46) 2023; 12430
Coldren (oe-32-10-16722-R27) 2012
Jumpertz (oe-32-10-16722-R33) 2016; 5
Wang (oe-32-10-16722-R39) 2016; 6
Schunk (oe-32-10-16722-R4) 1986; 22
Bewley (oe-32-10-16722-R48) 2008; 93
Simpson (oe-32-10-16722-R42) 1997; 9
References_xml – volume: 28
  start-page: 14677
  year: 2020
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R44
  publication-title: Opt. Express
  doi: 10.1364/OE.391854
– volume: 14
  start-page: 4590
  year: 2023
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R12
  publication-title: Nat. Commun.
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-40152-w
– volume: 120
  start-page: 171109
  year: 2022
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R52
  publication-title: Appl. Phys. Lett.
  doi: 10.1063/5.0090937
– volume: 7
  start-page: 709
  year: 1995
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R2
  publication-title: IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.
  doi: 10.1109/68.393181
– volume: 56
  start-page: 1
  year: 2020
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R50
  publication-title: IEEE J. Quantum Electron.
  doi: 10.1109/JQE.2020.2972373
– volume: 183
  start-page: 195
  year: 2000
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R43
  publication-title: Opt. Commun.
  doi: 10.1016/S0030-4018(00)00865-8
– volume: 18
  start-page: 976
  year: 1982
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R51
  publication-title: IEEE J. Quantum Electron.
  doi: 10.1109/JQE.1982.1071632
– volume: 9
  start-page: 765
  year: 1997
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R42
  publication-title: Quantum Semiclass. Opt.
  doi: 10.1088/1355-5111/9/5/009
– volume: 33
  start-page: 598
  year: 1997
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R19
  publication-title: Electron. Lett.
  doi: 10.1049/el:19970421
– volume: 17
  start-page: 77
  year: 1995
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R18
  publication-title: Superlattices Microstruct.
  doi: 10.1006/spmi.1995.1017
– volume: 12
  start-page: 3327
  year: 2021
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R36
  publication-title: Nat. Commun.
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23527-9
– volume: 19
  start-page: 1200210
  year: 2013
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R25
  publication-title: IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.
  doi: 10.1109/JSTQE.2012.2237017
– year: 2017
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R1
– volume: 59
  start-page: 1
  year: 2023
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R23
  publication-title: IEEE J. Quantum Electron.
  doi: 10.1109/JQE.2023.3314098
– volume: 22
  start-page: 642
  year: 1986
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R4
  publication-title: IEEE J. Quantum Electron.
  doi: 10.1109/JQE.1986.1073018
– volume: 221
  start-page: 173
  year: 2003
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R45
  publication-title: Opt. Commun.
  doi: 10.1016/S0030-4018(03)01466-4
– volume: 116
  start-page: 201101
  year: 2020
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R47
  publication-title: Appl. Phys. Lett.
  doi: 10.1063/5.0006823
– volume: 119
  start-page: 081101
  year: 2021
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R29
  publication-title: Appl. Phys. Lett.
  doi: 10.1063/5.0062500
– year: 2012
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R27
– volume: 41
  start-page: 1153
  year: 2016
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R41
  publication-title: Opt. Lett.
  doi: 10.1364/OL.41.001153
– volume: 12430
  start-page: 15
  year: 2023
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R46
  publication-title: Proc. SPIE
  doi: 10.1117/12.2651426
– volume: 5
  start-page: e16088
  volume-title: Light: Sci. Appl.
  year: 2016
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R33
  article-title: Chaotic light at mid-infrared wavelength
  doi: 10.1038/lsa.2016.88
– volume: 31
  start-page: 2254
  year: 2006
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R14
  publication-title: Opt. Lett.
  doi: 10.1364/OL.31.002254
– volume: 7
  start-page: 75
  year: 2020
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R20
  publication-title: Photonics
  doi: 10.3390/photonics7030075
– volume: 93
  start-page: 041118
  year: 2008
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R48
  publication-title: Appl. Phys. Lett.
  doi: 10.1063/1.2967730
– volume: 11
  start-page: 11730
  year: 2021
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R35
  publication-title: Appl. Sci.
  doi: 10.3390/app112411730
– volume: 17
  start-page: 1198
  year: 2011
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R15
  publication-title: IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.
  doi: 10.1109/JSTQE.2011.2121055
– volume: 10
  start-page: 991
  year: 2004
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R9
  publication-title: IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.
  doi: 10.1109/JSTQE.2004.835296
– volume: 416
  start-page: 1
  year: 2005
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R6
  publication-title: Phys. Rep.
  doi: 10.1016/j.physrep.2005.06.003
– volume: 11
  start-page: 7
  year: 2022
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R31
  publication-title: Light: Sci. Appl.
  doi: 10.1038/s41377-021-00697-1
– volume: 20
  start-page: 1073
  year: 1984
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R3
  publication-title: Electron. Lett.
  doi: 10.1049/el:19840734
– volume: 33
  start-page: 434
  year: 1997
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R38
  publication-title: IEEE J. Quantum Electron.
  doi: 10.1109/3.556013
– volume: 6
  start-page: 27825
  year: 2016
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R39
  publication-title: Sci. Rep.
  doi: 10.1038/srep27825
– volume: 27
  start-page: 31425
  year: 2019
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R21
  publication-title: Opt. Express
  doi: 10.1364/OE.27.031425
– volume: 30
  start-page: 1043
  year: 1999
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R49
  publication-title: Microelectron. J.
  doi: 10.1016/S0026-2692(99)00061-0
– volume: 21
  start-page: 696
  year: 1985
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R5
  publication-title: Electron. Lett.
  doi: 10.1049/el:19850492
– volume: 26
  start-page: 833
  year: 1990
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R32
  publication-title: IEEE J. Quantum Electron.
  doi: 10.1109/3.55523
– volume: 30
  start-page: 27593
  year: 2022
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R16
  publication-title: Opt. Express
  doi: 10.1364/OE.459225
– volume: 33
  start-page: 123127
  year: 2023
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R17
  publication-title: Chaos
  doi: 10.1063/5.0177896
– volume: 31
  start-page: 29012
  year: 2023
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R34
  publication-title: Opt. Express
  doi: 10.1364/OE.494755
– volume: 172
  start-page: 279
  year: 1999
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R37
  publication-title: Opt. Commun.
  doi: 10.1016/S0030-4018(99)00603-3
– volume: 17
  start-page: 1435
  year: 2011
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R24
  publication-title: IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.
  doi: 10.1109/JSTQE.2011.2114331
– volume: 17
  start-page: 306
  year: 2023
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R10
  publication-title: Nat. Photonics
  doi: 10.1038/s41566-023-01158-4
– volume: 36
  start-page: 91
  year: 2024
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R22
  publication-title: IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.
  doi: 10.1109/LPT.2023.3335856
– volume: 15
  start-page: 14921
  year: 2007
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R40
  publication-title: Opt. Express
  doi: 10.1364/OE.15.014921
– volume: 3
  start-page: 016003
  year: 2023
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R8
  publication-title: Adv. Photon. Nexus
  doi: 10.1117/1.APN.3.1.016003
– volume: 2
  start-page: 728
  year: 2008
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R11
  publication-title: Nat. Photonics
  doi: 10.1038/nphoton.2008.227
– volume: 10
  start-page: 974
  year: 2004
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R13
  publication-title: IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.
  doi: 10.1109/JSTQE.2004.836017
– volume: 438
  start-page: 343
  year: 2005
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R7
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature04275
– volume: 115
  start-page: 181101
  year: 2019
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R26
  publication-title: Appl. Phys. Lett.
  doi: 10.1063/1.5123005
– volume: 6
  start-page: 890
  year: 2019
  ident: oe-32-10-16722-R28
  publication-title: Optica
  doi: 10.1364/OPTICA.6.000890
SSID ssj0014797
Score 2.4877133
Snippet This work reports the nonlinear dynamics of a mid-infrared interband cascade laser (ICL) subject to optical injection. It is shown that the stable locking...
SourceID proquest
pubmed
crossref
SourceType Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
StartPage 16722
Title Nonlinear dynamics of an interband cascade laser with optical injection
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38858871
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3066790079
Volume 32
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3Nb9MwFLfKEBKXiW-6wWQQB6TJo40_Eh8BFQZsK4dNGqfIdlwUhJKqbaSJw_72PduJU1iRBpeospyPvvf0Pn9-D6FXZmSF4UYTNR5TwmghSZYxRaQyEAOBB20LV9E9PhGHZ-zzOT8fDD6toZaalT4wvzaeK_kfrsIa8NWdkv0HzsaHwgL8Bv7CFTgM1xvx-CT0uVCL_SIMlve4DFX5JhAL7Y-sqaVDwO-Dk2wXIetaz0P-uqx-eBxWte6gTue-b7O9mEdshoPrhE4DX1RJjso-Bx_0xFdbfSdHtuy1bFj_VpJ3dXSUu8VmPc-QMI_qE2uqEQJBiDZb82g3rLX6tM9XNhGzGrTjWKThEPI1vU0FA2JPJwfczQzlvXHqCvJ_2KyIJPQFOcHy6SQPt95CtxOIGJzKO76cxIISS8Ocne6D2yZTcOub-NbfXZO_xBve7zi9h7bbgAG_Ddy_jwa2eoDueOCuWT5EH6MM4E4GcD3DqsJRBnArA9jLAHYygFsZwFEGHqGzD5PT94ekHY5BDE1GKzAMUmvm2qkVqeJUjsRMc2EzquGfplYlhQXvNikMt0pplRawP5txK7gxOgHF_hhtVXVlnyIsNZVCa66VYUzQVOnM-ZmjVCplZywbotcdXXLTdo53A0x-5teoP0Qv49Z5aJeyadOLjrg5KDNXoVKVrZtlTh3kWoLbKofoSaB6fAzNMg4Wcbxzk1fsoru9DD9DW6tFY5-D97jSez7rsuel4wpqgW4M
linkProvider ISSN International Centre
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Nonlinear+dynamics+of+an+interband+cascade+laser+with+optical+injection&rft.jtitle=Optics+express&rft.au=Lin%2C+Kai-Li&rft.au=Wang%2C+Peng-Lei&rft.au=Peng%2C+Yi-Bo&rft.au=Deng%2C+Yu&rft.date=2024-05-06&rft.issn=1094-4087&rft.eissn=1094-4087&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=16722&rft_id=info:doi/10.1364%2FOE.520855&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1364_OE_520855
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1094-4087&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1094-4087&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1094-4087&client=summon