Fanconi anemia and hematopoietic stem cell transplant as risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma: A case report with a 12-year follow-up

• Published in: Special care in dentistry Vol. 42; no. 3; p. 299
• Main Authors: Macedo, Larissa Fernanda Dos Santos Lima, Domaneschi, Carina, Miguita Luiz, Lucyene, Peres, Maria Paula Siqueira de Melo, Franco, Juliana Bertoldi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01.05.2022
• Subjects: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - therapy; Fanconi Anemia - complications; Fanconi Anemia - therapy; Follow-Up Studies; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation - adverse effects; Humans; Mouth Neoplasms - therapy; Risk Factors; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck - complications; hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; Fanconi anemia; dental care for the chronically ill; oral cancer
• ISSN: 1754-4505
• DOI: 10.1111/scd.12668

Fanconi anemia is a rare disorder resulting from defects in genes responsible for DNA damage responses. It is characterized by congenital anomalies, aplastic anemia, and a predisposition to cancer. Currently, hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is the only curative treatment available for bone marrow failure; however, HSCT increases oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) risk. Here we report the case of a patient diagnosed with Fanconi anemia in childhood who was treated with HSCT and later diagnosed with multiple OSCCs during a 12-year follow-up. Despite multiple surgical interventions and radiotherapy regimens, the patient`s health deteriorated. Management of individuals with Fanconi anemia is challenging and must be provided by a multidisciplinary healthcare team to ensure better staging, treatment planning, and coordination.