Morphological, physiological and biochemical responses to combined cadmium and drought stress in radish (Raphanus sativus L.)
Drought and heavy metal stress are among the most important stress factors that negatively affect plant growth. This study was carried out to determine the individual and combined effects of cadmium (Cd) and drought stress on growth (plant leaf area, stem and root diameter, shoot and root fresh weig...
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Published in | Atti della Accademia nazionale dei Lincei. Rendiconti Lincei. Scienze fisiche e naturali Vol. 33; no. 2; pp. 419 - 429 |
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Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
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Springer International Publishing
2022
Springer Nature B.V |
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Abstract | Drought and heavy metal stress are among the most important stress factors that negatively affect plant growth. This study was carried out to determine the individual and combined effects of cadmium (Cd) and drought stress on growth (plant leaf area, stem and root diameter, shoot and root fresh weight, shoot and root dry weight), physiological [electrolyte leakage (EL), leaf relative water content (LRWC)] and biochemical [antioxidant enzyme activity, hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
), malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, sucrose and mineral element content] parameters of radish. In the study, four Cd concentrations (0 mg kg
−1
, 100 mg kg
−1
, 150 mg kg
−1
and 200 mg kg
−1
), three irrigation levels (100%, 75% and 50% of field capacity—FC) were used. Leaf area, stem and root diameter, shoot and root fresh weight, shoot and root dry weight, LRWC, chlorophyll
a
, chlorophyll
b
and total chlorophyll content decreased with increased level of drought and Cd stress, but EL has increased. The effect of water deficit on these parameters was more detrimental than heavy metal stress; however, the stress-related damage was greater under combined stress conditions. In addition, H
2
O
2
, MDA, proline and sucrose content of radish leaves increased with increased water deficit and Cd stress levels. POD, CAT and SOD enzyme activities of radish leaves under combined stresses increased more than individual stress conditions. There was a significant increase in the content of Cd in the plant leaves and roots under Cd stress compared to the control. This increase in leaves was more pronounced than roots. Although individual drought and Cd stress negatively influenced radish growth and development, the damage was greater with the simultaneous occurrence of these two stress factors. |
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AbstractList | Drought and heavy metal stress are among the most important stress factors that negatively affect plant growth. This study was carried out to determine the individual and combined effects of cadmium (Cd) and drought stress on growth (plant leaf area, stem and root diameter, shoot and root fresh weight, shoot and root dry weight), physiological [electrolyte leakage (EL), leaf relative water content (LRWC)] and biochemical [antioxidant enzyme activity, hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
), malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, sucrose and mineral element content] parameters of radish. In the study, four Cd concentrations (0 mg kg
−1
, 100 mg kg
−1
, 150 mg kg
−1
and 200 mg kg
−1
), three irrigation levels (100%, 75% and 50% of field capacity—FC) were used. Leaf area, stem and root diameter, shoot and root fresh weight, shoot and root dry weight, LRWC, chlorophyll
a
, chlorophyll
b
and total chlorophyll content decreased with increased level of drought and Cd stress, but EL has increased. The effect of water deficit on these parameters was more detrimental than heavy metal stress; however, the stress-related damage was greater under combined stress conditions. In addition, H
2
O
2
, MDA, proline and sucrose content of radish leaves increased with increased water deficit and Cd stress levels. POD, CAT and SOD enzyme activities of radish leaves under combined stresses increased more than individual stress conditions. There was a significant increase in the content of Cd in the plant leaves and roots under Cd stress compared to the control. This increase in leaves was more pronounced than roots. Although individual drought and Cd stress negatively influenced radish growth and development, the damage was greater with the simultaneous occurrence of these two stress factors. Drought and heavy metal stress are among the most important stress factors that negatively affect plant growth. This study was carried out to determine the individual and combined effects of cadmium (Cd) and drought stress on growth (plant leaf area, stem and root diameter, shoot and root fresh weight, shoot and root dry weight), physiological [electrolyte leakage (EL), leaf relative water content (LRWC)] and biochemical [antioxidant enzyme activity, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, sucrose and mineral element content] parameters of radish. In the study, four Cd concentrations (0 mg kg−1, 100 mg kg−1, 150 mg kg−1 and 200 mg kg−1), three irrigation levels (100%, 75% and 50% of field capacity—FC) were used. Leaf area, stem and root diameter, shoot and root fresh weight, shoot and root dry weight, LRWC, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content decreased with increased level of drought and Cd stress, but EL has increased. The effect of water deficit on these parameters was more detrimental than heavy metal stress; however, the stress-related damage was greater under combined stress conditions. In addition, H2O2, MDA, proline and sucrose content of radish leaves increased with increased water deficit and Cd stress levels. POD, CAT and SOD enzyme activities of radish leaves under combined stresses increased more than individual stress conditions. There was a significant increase in the content of Cd in the plant leaves and roots under Cd stress compared to the control. This increase in leaves was more pronounced than roots. Although individual drought and Cd stress negatively influenced radish growth and development, the damage was greater with the simultaneous occurrence of these two stress factors. |
Author | Ekinci, Melek Tuver, Gamze Yildiz Yildirim, Ertan |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Gamze Yildiz surname: Tuver fullname: Tuver, Gamze Yildiz organization: Department of Horticulture, Ataturk University – sequence: 2 givenname: Melek orcidid: 0000-0002-7604-3803 surname: Ekinci fullname: Ekinci, Melek email: ekincim@atauni.edu.tr organization: Department of Horticulture, Ataturk University – sequence: 3 givenname: Ertan surname: Yildirim fullname: Yildirim, Ertan organization: Department of Horticulture, Ataturk University |
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Cites_doi | 10.1038/nprot.2009.12 10.1111/aab.12409 10.17221/3556-PSE 10.1371/journal.pone.0114571 10.1590/0103-8478cr20141487 10.21324/dacd.67500 10.1590/S0100-06832011000200033 10.1016/j.sajb.2020.10.031 10.1051/agro:2008021 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.08.002 10.1007/s12210-008-0022-8 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.186 10.16882/derim.2017.305194 10.1007/s12210-018-0702-y 10.1038/s41598-021-86991-9 10.15835/nsb245395 10.1016/j.scienta.2008.07.031 10.1016/j.scienta.2018.06.016 10.3103/S1068367418010111 10.1007/s12298-019-00692-2 10.1016/S0098-8472(03)00063-7 10.1007/BF00018060 10.1007/s42976-020-00111-3 10.1007/s12210-017-0654-7 10.16882/derim.2015.90060 10.1590/S1677-04202005000100003 10.24925/turjaf.v5i9.992-995.1194 10.1007/BF00239989 10.17100/nevbiltek.210965 10.1016/S0168-9452(01)00330-2 |
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Keywords | Cadmium Radish Enzyme activity Growth Water deficit |
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Snippet | Drought and heavy metal stress are among the most important stress factors that negatively affect plant growth. This study was carried out to determine the... |
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SubjectTerms | Antioxidants Biomedicine Cadmium Chlorophyll Combined stress Damage Drought Dry weight Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Electrolyte leakage Environment Enzymatic activity Enzyme activity Enzymes Field capacity Heavy metals History of Science Hydrogen peroxide Leaf area Leaves Life Sciences Moisture content Parameters Physics Physiology Plant growth Plants Proline Radishes Raphanus sativus Research Paper Roots Stems Sucrose Water content Water deficit |
Title | Morphological, physiological and biochemical responses to combined cadmium and drought stress in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) |
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