Waveguide ASK Modulator Using Switchable FSS
A waveguide modulator using switchable frequency selective surface (FSS) for amplitude shift keying modulation (ASK) at super high frequency (SHF) has been presented. The FSS consists of rectangular loop aperture elements with two PIN diodes at 180 ∘ intervals on every unit cell across the aperture....
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| Published in | Journal of infrared, millimeter and terahertz waves Vol. 41; no. 12; pp. 1478 - 1487 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
New York
Springer US
01.12.2020
Springer Nature B.V |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1866-6892 1866-6906 |
| DOI | 10.1007/s10762-020-00703-4 |
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| Abstract | A waveguide modulator using switchable frequency selective surface (FSS) for amplitude shift keying modulation (ASK) at super high frequency (SHF) has been presented. The FSS consists of rectangular loop aperture elements with two PIN diodes at 180
∘
intervals on every unit cell across the aperture. A minimum transmission isolation of 30 dB has been achieved at resonance frequency when the diodes are switched between ON and OFF states. The PIN diode parameters are modeled using Keysight’s Advanced Design System (ADS) software to find the missing value of inductance and match the results presented in its datasheet. The proposed FSS modulator can operate either for transverse electric (TE) or transverse magnetic (TM) polarizations subject to the positioning of the incident wave due to its rectangular geometry. Positive direct current (DC) biasing is introduced from the front while negative DC biasing has been connected on the back-side of the unit cell FSS. Both the diodes are employed orthogonal to the principal axis of the FSS to reduce the impact of negative bias-line on overall frequency response. Both simulation and measured results have been presented. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | A waveguide modulator using switchable frequency selective surface (FSS) for amplitude shift keying modulation (ASK) at super high frequency (SHF) has been presented. The FSS consists of rectangular loop aperture elements with two PIN diodes at 180
∘
intervals on every unit cell across the aperture. A minimum transmission isolation of 30 dB has been achieved at resonance frequency when the diodes are switched between ON and OFF states. The PIN diode parameters are modeled using Keysight’s Advanced Design System (ADS) software to find the missing value of inductance and match the results presented in its datasheet. The proposed FSS modulator can operate either for transverse electric (TE) or transverse magnetic (TM) polarizations subject to the positioning of the incident wave due to its rectangular geometry. Positive direct current (DC) biasing is introduced from the front while negative DC biasing has been connected on the back-side of the unit cell FSS. Both the diodes are employed orthogonal to the principal axis of the FSS to reduce the impact of negative bias-line on overall frequency response. Both simulation and measured results have been presented. A waveguide modulator using switchable frequency selective surface (FSS) for amplitude shift keying modulation (ASK) at super high frequency (SHF) has been presented. The FSS consists of rectangular loop aperture elements with two PIN diodes at 180∘ intervals on every unit cell across the aperture. A minimum transmission isolation of 30 dB has been achieved at resonance frequency when the diodes are switched between ON and OFF states. The PIN diode parameters are modeled using Keysight’s Advanced Design System (ADS) software to find the missing value of inductance and match the results presented in its datasheet. The proposed FSS modulator can operate either for transverse electric (TE) or transverse magnetic (TM) polarizations subject to the positioning of the incident wave due to its rectangular geometry. Positive direct current (DC) biasing is introduced from the front while negative DC biasing has been connected on the back-side of the unit cell FSS. Both the diodes are employed orthogonal to the principal axis of the FSS to reduce the impact of negative bias-line on overall frequency response. Both simulation and measured results have been presented. |
| Author | Hussaini, Mohammed Abdullah Kiani, Ghaffer Iqbal |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ghaffer Iqbal orcidid: 0000-0002-0814-5381 surname: Kiani fullname: Kiani, Ghaffer Iqbal email: gkiani@kau.edu.sa organization: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University – sequence: 2 givenname: Mohammed Abdullah surname: Hussaini fullname: Hussaini, Mohammed Abdullah organization: British Malaysian Institute, Universiti Kuala Lumpur |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1109/JEEIT.2019.8717508 10.1002/mop.23615 10.1109/APS.2010.5562170 10.1029/2010RS004465 10.1109/LAWP.2019.2907641 10.1109/TAP.2014.2386304 10.1109/access.2019.2932800 10.1049/iet-map.2017.0691 10.1049/ic.2007.1362 10.1049/el.2009.2264 10.1109/LAWP.2018.2882525 |
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| Copyright | Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
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| Keywords | Radio frequency Modulator Amplitude shift keying Frequency selective surface Switchable PIN diode Waveguide |
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| References_xml | – reference: L. Han, G. Cheng, G. Han, R. Ma, W. Zhang, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 18(1), 108 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2018.2882525. – reference: L.Y. Ma, N. Soin, M.H. Mohd Daut, S.F. Wan Muhamad Hatta, IEEE Access 7, 107506 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2932800. – reference: B.A. Munk, Frequency Selective Surfaces: Theory and Design (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 2000). http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/0471723770. – reference: MACOM. MA4AGFCP910. https://www.macom.com/products/product-detail/MA4AGFCP910. – reference: R11644A Mechanical Calibration Kit, 26.5 to 40 GHz, Waveguide, WR-28 — Keysight. https://www.keysight.com/en/pd-1000000722%3Aepsg%3Apro-pn-R11644A/mechanical-calibration-kit-265-to-40-ghz-waveguide-wr-28. – reference: Dassault Systèmes. CST Studio Suite. https://www.3ds.com/products-services/simulia/products/cst-studio-suite/. – reference: G.I. Kiani, K.L. Ford, K.P. Esselle, A.R. Weily, C. Panagamuwa, J.C. Batchelor, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 50(8), 2149 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.23615. – reference: M. Safari, C. Shafai, L. Shafai, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 63(3), 1014 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2014.2386304. – reference: 83650B Synthesized Swept-Signal Generator, 0.01 - 50 GHz. https://www.keysight.com/en/pd-1000001876:epsg:pro-pn-83650B/synthesized-swept-signal-generator-001-50-ghz. – reference: Keysight. Advanced Design System (ADS). https://www.keysight.com/en/pc-1297113/advanced-design-system-ads. – reference: X. Zeng, M. Gao, L. Zhang, G. Wan, B. Hu, IET Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation 12(7), 1211 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2017.0691. – reference: G.I. Kiani, K.L. Ford, K.P. Esselle, A.R. Weily, in: IET Seminar Digest (2007), 11961. https://doi.org/10.1049/ic.2007.1362. – reference: G.I. Kiani, T.S. Bird, Radio Science (2011). https://doi.org/10.1029/2010RS004465. – reference: Waveguide calibration of a vector network analyzer (VNA). https://www.kirkbymicrowave.co.uk/Support/FAQ/How-do-I-perform-waveguide-calibration/. – reference: B. Sanz-Izquierdo, E.A. Parker, J.B. Robertson, J.C. Batchelor, Electronics Letters 45(22), 1107 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1049/el.2009.2264. – reference: G.I. Kiani, T.S. Bird, K.L. Ford, in: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and CNC-USNC/URSI Radio Science Meeting - Leading the Wave, AP-S/URSI 2010 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.2010.5562170. – reference: S.H. Ibrahim, K.S. Alsatti, M.A. Hussaini, J. Khan, G.I. Kiani, in: 2019 IEEE Jordan International Joint Conference on Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, JEEIT 2019 - Proceedings (2019), pp. 577–579. https://doi.org/10.1109/JEEIT.2019.8717508. – reference: PPT-1830 — APC Test. https://www.apc-test.com/ppt-1830. – reference: A.V. Bakshi, U.A. Bakshi, Instrumentation (2009). https://books.google.com.sa/books/about/Instrumentation.html?id=A2tetytgdDsC. – reference: L.Y. Ji, Z.Y. Zhang, N.W. Liu, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 18(6), 1076 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2019.2907641. – reference: 8510C Vector Network Analyzer. https://www.keysight.com/en/pd-1000002059%3Aepsg%3Apro-pn-8510C/vector-network-analyzer. – ident: 703_CR1 – ident: 703_CR2 doi: 10.1109/JEEIT.2019.8717508 – ident: 703_CR9 doi: 10.1002/mop.23615 – ident: 703_CR12 doi: 10.1109/APS.2010.5562170 – ident: 703_CR15 – ident: 703_CR11 doi: 10.1029/2010RS004465 – ident: 703_CR16 – ident: 703_CR13 – ident: 703_CR14 – ident: 703_CR3 doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2019.2907641 – ident: 703_CR17 – ident: 703_CR18 – ident: 703_CR6 doi: 10.1109/TAP.2014.2386304 – ident: 703_CR19 – ident: 703_CR21 – ident: 703_CR7 doi: 10.1109/access.2019.2932800 – ident: 703_CR20 – ident: 703_CR5 doi: 10.1049/iet-map.2017.0691 – ident: 703_CR8 doi: 10.1049/ic.2007.1362 – ident: 703_CR10 doi: 10.1049/el.2009.2264 – ident: 703_CR4 doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2018.2882525 |
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| SubjectTerms | Apertures Classical Electrodynamics Diodes Direct current Electrical Engineering Electronics and Microelectronics Engineering Frequency response Frequency selective surfaces Incident waves Inductance Instrumentation Keying PIN diodes Superhigh frequencies Unit cell Waveguides |
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| Title | Waveguide ASK Modulator Using Switchable FSS |
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