Towards an objective measurement of presence, place illusion, and plausibility illusion in virtual reality using electroencephalography
Presence is a mental state when a user in virtual reality (VR) reacts to events in it as if it is real. Place illusion (PI) and plausibility illusion (PSI) are components of Presence and depend on the Immersion and Coherence of a VR system and the experience. Measuring Presence (PI and PSI) is criti...
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| Published in | Virtual reality : the journal of the Virtual Reality Society Vol. 27; no. 3; pp. 2649 - 2664 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
London
Springer London
01.09.2023
Springer Nature B.V |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1359-4338 1434-9957 |
| DOI | 10.1007/s10055-023-00815-x |
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| Abstract | Presence is a mental state when a user in virtual reality (VR) reacts to events in it as if it is real. Place illusion (PI) and plausibility illusion (PSI) are components of Presence and depend on the Immersion and Coherence of a VR system and the experience. Measuring Presence (PI and PSI) is critical when designing new systems and experiences. However, the traditional questionnaire-based methods of measuring Presence have limitations. Therefore, we propose a method for augmented measurement of Presence, PI, and PSI of VR users with biosignals. For this, we designed a within-subjects experiment that presented VR scenarios with varying levels of Immersion and Coherence while measuring electroencephalography (EEG) of users concurrently. For validation, we took feedback from post-scenario questionnaires presented within the VR environment. The study was conducted with 20 participants. Analyzing the Questionnaire responses revealed that an increase in plausibility illusion or place illusion led to an increase in Presence, confirming the fundamental theory. Analyzing the EEG results revealed that the Envelope Amplitude Correlation features and Spectral Coherence are able to discriminate between the Presence, PI, and PSI of the user. In contrast, there are many entropy features that increase for high PSI. |
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| AbstractList | Presence is a mental state when a user in virtual reality (VR) reacts to events in it as if it is real. Place illusion (PI) and plausibility illusion (PSI) are components of Presence and depend on the Immersion and Coherence of a VR system and the experience. Measuring Presence (PI and PSI) is critical when designing new systems and experiences. However, the traditional questionnaire-based methods of measuring Presence have limitations. Therefore, we propose a method for augmented measurement of Presence, PI, and PSI of VR users with biosignals. For this, we designed a within-subjects experiment that presented VR scenarios with varying levels of Immersion and Coherence while measuring electroencephalography (EEG) of users concurrently. For validation, we took feedback from post-scenario questionnaires presented within the VR environment. The study was conducted with 20 participants. Analyzing the Questionnaire responses revealed that an increase in plausibility illusion or place illusion led to an increase in Presence, confirming the fundamental theory. Analyzing the EEG results revealed that the Envelope Amplitude Correlation features and Spectral Coherence are able to discriminate between the Presence, PI, and PSI of the user. In contrast, there are many entropy features that increase for high PSI. |
| Author | Silva, Anjula De Bahavan, Thiru Thillai Nadarasar Navaratnarajah, Suman Akalanka, Inoj Owinda, Dulindu Peiris, Roshan |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Thiru Thillai Nadarasar surname: Bahavan fullname: Bahavan, Thiru Thillai Nadarasar organization: Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, University of Moratuwa – sequence: 2 givenname: Suman surname: Navaratnarajah fullname: Navaratnarajah, Suman organization: Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, University of Moratuwa – sequence: 3 givenname: Dulindu surname: Owinda fullname: Owinda, Dulindu organization: Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, University of Moratuwa – sequence: 4 givenname: Inoj surname: Akalanka fullname: Akalanka, Inoj organization: Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, University of Moratuwa – sequence: 5 givenname: Roshan orcidid: 0000-0002-4191-3565 surname: Peiris fullname: Peiris, Roshan email: roshan.peiris@rit.edu organization: Golisano College of Computing and Information Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology – sequence: 6 givenname: Anjula De surname: Silva fullname: Silva, Anjula De organization: Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, University of Moratuwa |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2019.02.006 10.1007/978-3-030-80091-8_34 10.1016/0013-4694(89)90180-6 10.1016/j.intcom.2012.04.011 10.1152/ajpheart.2000.278.6.h2039 10.1162/105474605323384654 10.1145/3134301 10.3389/neuro.09.008.2008 10.1007/s10484-005-6381-3 10.1145/1978942.1978963 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.12.003 10.3390/app12052647 10.17615/2MG3-GH93 10.1109/TBME.2019.2930186 10.1162/105474698565686 10.1016/s0167-8760(96)00038-4 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2012.03.004 10.3390/s22072629 10.1145/3208159.3208179 10.1098/rstb.2009.0138 10.1007/s10055-021-00517-2 10.1002/brb3.2269 10.1145/3290605.3300590 10.1089/cpb.2006.9.30 10.1109/VRW50115.2020.00223 10.1162/pres.1993.2.3.221 10.1109/embc.2015.7319296 10.3389/frvir.2021.694567 10.3390/e21060541 10.3389/frvir.2022.971054 10.7551/mitpress/9609.001.0001 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.05.026 10.1109/EMBC44109.2020.9176022 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Copyright Springer Nature B.V. Sep 2023 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. – notice: Copyright Springer Nature B.V. Sep 2023 |
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| Keywords | Measurement EEG Place illusion Virtual reality Physiological sensing Presence Plausibility illusion |
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| References_xml | – reference: KrokosEVarshneyAQuantifying VR cybersickness using EEGVirtual Real20222611310.1007/s10055-021-00517-2 – reference: PerrinFPernierJBertrandOEchallierJFSpherical splines for scalp potential and current density mappingElectroencephalogr Clin Neurophyasiol198972218418710.1016/0013-4694(89)90180-6 – reference: Morling B (2011) Research methods in psychology: evaluating a world of information, 4th edn. W. W. Norton & Company, p 592. ISBN: 978-0-393-89372-4 – reference: BouchardSDumoulinSTalbotJLedouxA-APhillipsJMonthuy-BlancJLabonté-ChartrandGRobillardGCantamesseMRenaudPManipulating subjective realism and its impact on presence: preliminary results on feasibility and neuroanatomical correlatesInteract Comput20122422723610.1016/j.intcom.2012.04.011 – reference: KoberSNeuperCUsing auditory event-related EEG potentials to assess presence in virtual realityInt J Hum-Comput Stud20127057758710.1016/j.ijhcs.2012.03.004 – reference: TranYAustinPHoCCraigAMiddletonJWrigleyPSiddallPAn exploratory EEG analysis on the effects of virtual reality in people with neuropathic pain following spinal cord injurySensors202222262910.3390/s22072629 – reference: WitmerBGSingerMJMeasuring presence in virtual environments: a presence questionnairePresence Teleoper Virtual Environ19987322524010.1162/105474698565686 – reference: KoberSKurzmannJNeuperCCortical correlate of spatial presence in 2d and 3d interactive virtual reality: an EEG studyInt J Psychophysiol Off J Int Organ Psychophysiol2011833657410.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.12.003 – reference: WitmerBGJeromeCJSingerMJThe factor structure of the presence questionnairePresence Teleoper Virtual Environ200514329831210.1162/105474605323384654 – reference: Baka E, Stavroulia K-E, Thalmann N, Lanitis A (2018) An eeg-based evaluation for comparing the sense of presence between virtual and physical environments, pp. 107–116. https://doi.org/10.1145/3208159.3208179 – reference: Omnipres project ist-2001-39237 deliverable 5 measuring presence : a guide to current measurement approaches. 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| Title | Towards an objective measurement of presence, place illusion, and plausibility illusion in virtual reality using electroencephalography |
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