MLi-2, a Potent, Selective, and Centrally Active Compound for Exploring the Therapeutic Potential and Safety of LRRK2 Kinase Inhibition

Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are the most common genetic cause of familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD). That the most prevalent mutation, G2019S, leads to increased kinase activity has led to a concerted effort to identify LRRK2 kinase inhibitors as a pot...

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Published inThe Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics Vol. 355; no. 3; pp. 397 - 409
Main Authors Fell, Matthew J, Mirescu, Christian, Basu, Kallol, Cheewatrakoolpong, Boonlert, DeMong, Duane E, Ellis, J Michael, Hyde, Lynn A, Lin, Yinghui, Markgraf, Carrie G, Mei, Hong, Miller, Michael, Poulet, Frederique M, Scott, Jack D, Smith, Michelle D, Yin, Zhizhang, Zhou, Xiaoping, Parker, Eric M, Kennedy, Matthew E, Morrow, John A
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States 01.12.2015
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Abstract Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are the most common genetic cause of familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD). That the most prevalent mutation, G2019S, leads to increased kinase activity has led to a concerted effort to identify LRRK2 kinase inhibitors as a potential disease-modifying therapy for PD. An internal medicinal chemistry effort identified several potent and highly selective compounds with favorable drug-like properties. Here, we characterize the pharmacological properties of cis-2,6-dimethyl-4-(6-(5-(1-methylcyclopropoxy)-1H-indazol-3-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)morpholine (MLi-2), a structurally novel, highly potent, and selective LRRK2 kinase inhibitor with central nervous system activity. MLi-2 exhibits exceptional potency in a purified LRRK2 kinase assay in vitro (IC50 = 0.76 nM), a cellular assay monitoring dephosphorylation of LRRK2 pSer935 LRRK2 (IC50 = 1.4 nM), and a radioligand competition binding assay (IC50 = 3.4 nM). MLi-2 has greater than 295-fold selectivity for over 300 kinases in addition to a diverse panel of receptors and ion channels. Acute oral and subchronic dosing in MLi-2 mice resulted in dose-dependent central and peripheral target inhibition over a 24-hour period as measured by dephosphorylation of pSer935 LRRK2. Treatment of MitoPark mice with MLi-2 was well tolerated over a 15-week period at brain and plasma exposures >100× the in vivo plasma IC50 for LRRK2 kinase inhibition as measured by pSer935 dephosphorylation. Morphologic changes in the lung, consistent with enlarged type II pneumocytes, were observed in MLi-2-treated MitoPark mice. These data demonstrate the suitability of MLi-2 as a compound to explore LRRK2 biology in cellular and animal models.
AbstractList Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are the most common genetic cause of familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD). That the most prevalent mutation, G2019S, leads to increased kinase activity has led to a concerted effort to identify LRRK2 kinase inhibitors as a potential disease-modifying therapy for PD. An internal medicinal chemistry effort identified several potent and highly selective compounds with favorable drug-like properties. Here, we characterize the pharmacological properties of cis-2,6-dimethyl-4-(6-(5-(1-methylcyclopropoxy)-1H-indazol-3-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)morpholine (MLi-2), a structurally novel, highly potent, and selective LRRK2 kinase inhibitor with central nervous system activity. MLi-2 exhibits exceptional potency in a purified LRRK2 kinase assay in vitro (IC50 = 0.76 nM), a cellular assay monitoring dephosphorylation of LRRK2 pSer935 LRRK2 (IC50 = 1.4 nM), and a radioligand competition binding assay (IC50 = 3.4 nM). MLi-2 has greater than 295-fold selectivity for over 300 kinases in addition to a diverse panel of receptors and ion channels. Acute oral and subchronic dosing in MLi-2 mice resulted in dose-dependent central and peripheral target inhibition over a 24-hour period as measured by dephosphorylation of pSer935 LRRK2. Treatment of MitoPark mice with MLi-2 was well tolerated over a 15-week period at brain and plasma exposures >100× the in vivo plasma IC50 for LRRK2 kinase inhibition as measured by pSer935 dephosphorylation. Morphologic changes in the lung, consistent with enlarged type II pneumocytes, were observed in MLi-2-treated MitoPark mice. These data demonstrate the suitability of MLi-2 as a compound to explore LRRK2 biology in cellular and animal models.
Author Zhou, Xiaoping
Mirescu, Christian
Yin, Zhizhang
Morrow, John A
Poulet, Frederique M
Basu, Kallol
Mei, Hong
Hyde, Lynn A
Smith, Michelle D
Parker, Eric M
Ellis, J Michael
Markgraf, Carrie G
Fell, Matthew J
DeMong, Duane E
Kennedy, Matthew E
Cheewatrakoolpong, Boonlert
Lin, Yinghui
Miller, Michael
Scott, Jack D
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  email: matthew.fell@merck.com
  organization: Neuroscience Discovery (M.J.F., C.M., M.E.K) and Discovery Chemistry (J.M.E), Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts; Discovery Chemistry (K.B., D.E.D., M.M., J.D.S.), Pharmacology (B.C., L.A.H., Y.L., E.M.P., M.D.S., Z.Y., X.Z.), Pathology and Cellular Toxicology (C.G.M., F.M.P), and Pharmacokinetics (H.M.), Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey; Neuroscience Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania (J.A.M.) matthew.fell@merck.com
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  givenname: Eric M
  surname: Parker
  fullname: Parker, Eric M
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  surname: Kennedy
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  surname: Morrow
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Snippet Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are the most common genetic cause of familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD). That the most...
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StartPage 397
SubjectTerms Alveolar Epithelial Cells - drug effects
Alveolar Epithelial Cells - pathology
Animals
Antiparkinson Agents - adverse effects
Antiparkinson Agents - therapeutic use
Behavior, Animal - drug effects
Binding, Competitive
Brain - metabolism
Brain Chemistry - drug effects
Cell Line
Cerebral Cortex - drug effects
Cerebral Cortex - metabolism
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Humans
Indazoles - pharmacology
Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2
Lung - pathology
Male
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Mutation - genetics
Parkinson Disease - drug therapy
Parkinson Disease - pathology
Parkinson Disease - psychology
Phosphorylation
Protein Kinase Inhibitors - adverse effects
Protein Kinase Inhibitors - therapeutic use
Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases - antagonists & inhibitors
Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases - genetics
Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases - metabolism
Pyrimidines - pharmacology
Title MLi-2, a Potent, Selective, and Centrally Active Compound for Exploring the Therapeutic Potential and Safety of LRRK2 Kinase Inhibition
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26407721
Volume 355
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