Identification of Pathogenic Fusarium spp. Causing Maize Ear Rot and Potential Mycotoxin Production in China
Ear rot is a serious disease that affects maize yield and grain quality worldwide. The mycotoxins are often hazardous to humans and livestock. In samples collected in China between 2009 and 2014, Fusarium verticillioides and F. graminearum species complex were the dominant fungi causing ear rot. Acc...
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| Published in | Toxins Vol. 8; no. 6; p. 186 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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| Abstract | Ear rot is a serious disease that affects maize yield and grain quality worldwide. The mycotoxins are often hazardous to humans and livestock. In samples collected in China between 2009 and 2014, Fusarium verticillioides and F. graminearum species complex were the dominant fungi causing ear rot. According to the TEF-1α gene sequence, F. graminearum species complex in China included three independent species: F. graminearum, F. meridionale, and F. boothii. The key gene FUM1 responsible for the biosynthesis of fumonisin was detected in all 82 F. verticillioides isolates. Among these, 57 isolates mainly produced fumonisin B₁, ranging from 2.52 to 18,416.44 µg/g for each gram of dry hyphal weight, in vitro. Three different toxigenic chemotypes were detected among 78 F. graminearum species complex: 15-ADON, NIV and 15-ADON+NIV. Sixty and 16 isolates represented the 15-ADON and NIV chemotypes, respectively; two isolates carried both 15-ADON and NIV-producing segments. All the isolates carrying NIV-specific segment were F. meridionale. The in vitro production of 15-ADON, 3-ADON, DON, and ZEN varied from 5.43 to 81,539.49; 6.04 to 19,590.61; 13.35 to 19,795.33; and 1.77 to 430.24 µg/g of dry hyphal weight, respectively. Altogether, our present data demonstrate potential main mycotoxin production of dominant pathogenic Fusarium in China. |
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| AbstractList | Ear rot is a serious disease that affects maize yield and grain quality worldwide. The mycotoxins are often hazardous to humans and livestock. In samples collected in China between 2009 and 2014, Fusarium verticillioides and F. graminearum species complex were the dominant fungi causing ear rot. According to the TEF-1α gene sequence, F. graminearum species complex in China included three independent species: F. graminearum, F. meridionale, and F. boothii. The key gene FUM1 responsible for the biosynthesis of fumonisin was detected in all 82 F. verticillioides isolates. Among these, 57 isolates mainly produced fumonisin B₁, ranging from 2.52 to 18,416.44 µg/g for each gram of dry hyphal weight, in vitro. Three different toxigenic chemotypes were detected among 78 F. graminearum species complex: 15-ADON, NIV and 15-ADON+NIV. Sixty and 16 isolates represented the 15-ADON and NIV chemotypes, respectively; two isolates carried both 15-ADON and NIV-producing segments. All the isolates carrying NIV-specific segment were F. meridionale. The in vitro production of 15-ADON, 3-ADON, DON, and ZEN varied from 5.43 to 81,539.49; 6.04 to 19,590.61; 13.35 to 19,795.33; and 1.77 to 430.24 µg/g of dry hyphal weight, respectively. Altogether, our present data demonstrate potential main mycotoxin production of dominant pathogenic Fusarium in China. Ear rot is a serious disease that affects maize yield and grain quality worldwide. The mycotoxins are often hazardous to humans and livestock. In samples collected in China between 2009 and 2014, Fusarium verticillioides and F. graminearum species complex were the dominant fungi causing ear rot. According to the TEF-1 α gene sequence, F. graminearum species complex in China included three independent species: F. graminearum , F. meridionale , and F. boothii . The key gene FUM1 responsible for the biosynthesis of fumonisin was detected in all 82 F. verticillioides isolates. Among these, 57 isolates mainly produced fumonisin B 1 , ranging from 2.52 to 18,416.44 µg/g for each gram of dry hyphal weight, in vitro . Three different toxigenic chemotypes were detected among 78 F. graminearum species complex: 15-ADON, NIV and 15-ADON+NIV. Sixty and 16 isolates represented the 15-ADON and NIV chemotypes, respectively; two isolates carried both 15-ADON and NIV-producing segments. All the isolates carrying NIV-specific segment were F. meridionale . The in vitro production of 15-ADON, 3-ADON, DON, and ZEN varied from 5.43 to 81,539.49; 6.04 to 19,590.61; 13.35 to 19,795.33; and 1.77 to 430.24 µg/g of dry hyphal weight, respectively. Altogether, our present data demonstrate potential main mycotoxin production of dominant pathogenic Fusarium in China. |
| Author | Qin, Zihui Zhu, Zhendong Duan, Canxing Yang, Zhihuan Li, Weixi Sun, Suli Wang, Xiaoming |
| AuthorAffiliation | Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Cereal Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; duancanxing@caas.cn (C.D.); qinzihui0927@163.com (Z.Q.); zhihuan_yang@163.com (Z.Y.); liweixi@caas.cn (W.L.); sunsuli@caas.cn (S.S.); zhuzhendong@caas.cn (Z.Z.) |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Cereal Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; duancanxing@caas.cn (C.D.); qinzihui0927@163.com (Z.Q.); zhihuan_yang@163.com (Z.Y.); liweixi@caas.cn (W.L.); sunsuli@caas.cn (S.S.); zhuzhendong@caas.cn (Z.Z.) |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Canxing surname: Duan fullname: Duan, Canxing email: duancanxing@caas.cn organization: Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Cereal Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China. duancanxing@caas.cn – sequence: 2 givenname: Zihui surname: Qin fullname: Qin, Zihui email: qinzihui0927@163.com organization: Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Cereal Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China. qinzihui0927@163.com – sequence: 3 givenname: Zhihuan surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Zhihuan email: zhihuan_yang@163.com organization: Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Cereal Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China. zhihuan_yang@163.com – sequence: 4 givenname: Weixi surname: Li fullname: Li, Weixi email: liweixi@caas.cn organization: Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Cereal Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China. liweixi@caas.cn – sequence: 5 givenname: Suli surname: Sun fullname: Sun, Suli email: sunsuli@caas.cn organization: Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Cereal Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China. sunsuli@caas.cn – sequence: 6 givenname: Zhendong surname: Zhu fullname: Zhu, Zhendong email: zhuzhendong@caas.cn organization: Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Cereal Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China. zhuzhendong@caas.cn – sequence: 7 givenname: Xiaoming surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Xiaoming email: wangxiaoming@caas.cn organization: Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Cereal Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China. wangxiaoming@caas.cn |
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| Keywords | mycotoxin chemotype mycotoxin production maize Fusarium spp ear rot |
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| SubjectTerms | China Fusarium - genetics Fusarium - isolation & purification Fusarium - metabolism Mycotoxins - biosynthesis Mycotoxins - genetics Plant Diseases - microbiology Zea mays - microbiology |
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| Title | Identification of Pathogenic Fusarium spp. Causing Maize Ear Rot and Potential Mycotoxin Production in China |
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