The Trump Effect: How 2016 Campaign Rallies Explain Spikes in Hate
The 2016 Trump campaign held more than 300 rallies. Our research examines whether these rallies and Trump’s rhetoric served as opportunities for the spread of hate. We measured the number of reported white-supremacist propaganda, anti-Semitic incidents, and extremist behaviors that occurred both lea...
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| Published in | PS, political science & politics Vol. 55; no. 2; pp. 257 - 265 |
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| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
New York, USA
Cambridge University Press
01.04.2022
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | The 2016 Trump campaign held more than 300 rallies. Our research examines whether these rallies and Trump’s rhetoric served as opportunities for the spread of hate. We measured the number of reported white-supremacist propaganda, anti-Semitic incidents, and extremist behaviors that occurred both leading up to and directly following these campaign events. We contend that Trump’s rhetoric and rallies increased the perceived threat facing white Americans, heightening their white identity, all while justifying violence and extralegal methods to address their grievances and thereby increasing reported bias incidents. We find that counties that hosted a Trump rally experienced an increase in hate-motivated events. We systematically show that Trump political rallies were associated with a limited size but significant rise in the likelihood of reported hate and bias incidents. |
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| AbstractList | The 2016 Trump campaign held more than 300 rallies. Our research examines whether these rallies and Trump’s rhetoric served as opportunities for the spread of hate. We measured the number of reported white-supremacist propaganda, anti-Semitic incidents, and extremist behaviors that occurred both leading up to and directly following these campaign events. We contend that Trump’s rhetoric and rallies increased the perceived threat facing white Americans, heightening their white identity, all while justifying violence and extralegal methods to address their grievances and thereby increasing reported bias incidents. We find that counties that hosted a Trump rally experienced an increase in hate-motivated events. We systematically show that Trump political rallies were associated with a limited size but significant rise in the likelihood of reported hate and bias incidents. |
| Author | Martinez-Ebers, Valerie Branton, Regina Feinberg, Ayal |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1017/S153759271900447X 10.1111/1745-9125.12022 10.1080/17512786.2019.1577696 10.1080/09546553.2017.1313649 10.1177/0022022100031002006 10.1016/j.apgeog.2019.102072 10.1111/psq.12641 10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173 10.2307/2111759 10.1177/0032321720916604 10.1017/rep.2017.37 10.1177/1368430216677304 10.14318/hau6.2.009 10.1207/s15327957pspr1004_6 10.1086/521846 10.2307/j.ctv19rs0xc 10.1111/j.1741-5705.2004.00214.x 10.1080/10478400903333460 10.1093/pan/mpr013 10.1007/978-3-030-30167-5_4 10.1177/1043986214536659 10.2307/422238 10.1017/S1755048319000099 10.4324/9780203578988-7 10.7910/DVN/K2LOJN 10.2307/2095143 10.1037/0022-3514.75.1.82 10.1023/A:1026595011371 |
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| Snippet | The 2016 Trump campaign held more than 300 rallies. Our research examines whether these rallies and Trump’s rhetoric served as opportunities for the spread of... |
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| SubjectTerms | Agenda Setting Antisemitism Behavior Bias Candidates Conspiracy Counties Crime Elections Ethnicity Hate Hate crimes Intergroup Relations Literature Reviews Mainstreaming Minority & ethnic groups Minority Groups Negative campaigning Political campaigns Politics Presidential elections Propaganda Public Opinion Rhetoric Speeches Stereotypes Threats Trump, Donald J Violence White supremacy Whites |
| Title | The Trump Effect: How 2016 Campaign Rallies Explain Spikes in Hate |
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