Naming Others: Translation and Subject Constitution in the Central Highlands of Angola (1926–1961)

• Published in: Comparative studies in society and history Vol. 64; no. 2; pp. 363 - 393
• Main Author: Dulley, Iracema
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, USA Cambridge University Press 01.04.2022
• Subjects: Argumentation; Black white relations; Classification; Colonialism; Constitutions; Deconstruction; Ethnicity; Ethnography; Fixation; Fractures; Grammatical aspect; Intentional action; Language; Names; Names, Narratives, and Hidden Transcripts; Naming; Nominalism; Performativity; Portuguese language; Positioning; Signifiant and signifie; Social categories; Sociolinguistics; Structuralism; Transformation; Translation; Angola; colonialism; race; ethnicity; naming; translation; iteration; ethnographic theorization; displacement; resistance; subject constitution
• DOI: 10.1017/S0010417522000056
• ISSN: 0010-4175

This paper proposes an ethnographic theorization of the relationship between naming, translation, and subject constitution via the analysis of forms of interpellation in colonial Angola. It engages critically with systemic/structural renderings of colonial society that portray social positions as oppositional to argue for a deconstructive approach attentive to historical disjunctions between naming and social positioning. Dwelling on core signifiers in Portuguese and Umbundu, the paper describes the iterative chain of substitutions through which subjects have been constituted, that is, reduced and transformed. For instance, how are the Umbundu status signifiers ocimbundu and ocindele reduced in their respective translations as “black” and “white”? How can translation both re-enact and challenge the constitution of racialized and ethnicized categories of difference? How is this related to transformations in Angolan history? The argument put forth challenges the conventional understanding of social categories in the context of Portuguese colonialism in Angola by arguing that the performativity of naming and translation constitutes subjects via both fixation and displacement. Therefore, the possibility of transformation does not lie in the intentional action of subjects, but in their capacity to operate within the fractures of the relationship between language and society by drawing on disjunctions between signifier and signified, names and social positioning, subjective constitution and sociopolitical context.