Identification of valid reference genes for the normalization of RT-qPCR gene expression data in Alexandrium catenella under different nutritional conditions
Alexandrium catenella is a cosmopolitan harmful algal bloom (HAB) forming dinoflagellate. To comprehend its mechanisms of bloom formation, gene expression analysis is indispensable. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) is an ideal method for swift and precise quantification of...
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Published in | Journal of applied phycology Vol. 31; no. 3; pp. 1819 - 1833 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Dordrecht
Springer Netherlands
01.06.2019
Springer Nature B.V |
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Abstract | Alexandrium catenella
is a cosmopolitan harmful algal bloom (HAB) forming dinoflagellate. To comprehend its mechanisms of bloom formation, gene expression analysis is indispensable. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) is an ideal method for swift and precise quantification of gene expression analysis that greatly relies on selection of apposite reference genes for data normalization. To date, limited studies have focused on the screening of reference genes in dinoflagellates. The unavailability of valid reference gene for normalizing poses hindrances in the appliance of qRT-PCR to the HAB forming group. The work presented here evaluated 12 reference genes for their expression stability using qRT-PCR under diverse nutritional conditions together with high light. Statistical algorithm such as RefFinder was used that analyze data using geNorm and NormFinder, comparative delta-CT method along with a combination approach that declares comprehensive ranking contingent upon the geometric mean of the results procured from other methods. Comprehensive analysis across all condition by geNorm showed ACT, IPP, and GAPDH as genes possessing highest stability followed by Tubα and ICDH. Comprehensive analysis by Normfinder declared that IPP is the most stable gene followed by ACT, CYC, GAPDH, and GTEF. Combination approach using comparative delta C
T
, geNorm and NormFinder analysis programs through RefFinder as well as ranking by standard deviation of delta C
T
declared IPP as the most stable gene followed by ACT and GAPDH. IPP, ACT, and GAPDH represented the top 4 listed stable reference genes among all the analysis methods used. The results of pairwise variation by geNorm showed that V2/V3 value under all the tested conditions was below the cut-off value of 0.15 which shows that two genes are sufficient for normalization. Our results in accord with other widely conducted studies emphasize the significance of reference gene validation in precise experimental setup before appliance to avoid serious misinterpretation of the results. It is highly expected that the procedures and outcome of the report may be helpful for future studies in the gene expression analysis of
A. catenella
and to screen out reference genes for other algae. |
---|---|
AbstractList | Alexandrium catenella
is a cosmopolitan harmful algal bloom (HAB) forming dinoflagellate. To comprehend its mechanisms of bloom formation, gene expression analysis is indispensable. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) is an ideal method for swift and precise quantification of gene expression analysis that greatly relies on selection of apposite reference genes for data normalization. To date, limited studies have focused on the screening of reference genes in dinoflagellates. The unavailability of valid reference gene for normalizing poses hindrances in the appliance of qRT-PCR to the HAB forming group. The work presented here evaluated 12 reference genes for their expression stability using qRT-PCR under diverse nutritional conditions together with high light. Statistical algorithm such as RefFinder was used that analyze data using geNorm and NormFinder, comparative delta-CT method along with a combination approach that declares comprehensive ranking contingent upon the geometric mean of the results procured from other methods. Comprehensive analysis across all condition by geNorm showed ACT, IPP, and GAPDH as genes possessing highest stability followed by Tubα and ICDH. Comprehensive analysis by Normfinder declared that IPP is the most stable gene followed by ACT, CYC, GAPDH, and GTEF. Combination approach using comparative delta C
T
, geNorm and NormFinder analysis programs through RefFinder as well as ranking by standard deviation of delta C
T
declared IPP as the most stable gene followed by ACT and GAPDH. IPP, ACT, and GAPDH represented the top 4 listed stable reference genes among all the analysis methods used. The results of pairwise variation by geNorm showed that V2/V3 value under all the tested conditions was below the cut-off value of 0.15 which shows that two genes are sufficient for normalization. Our results in accord with other widely conducted studies emphasize the significance of reference gene validation in precise experimental setup before appliance to avoid serious misinterpretation of the results. It is highly expected that the procedures and outcome of the report may be helpful for future studies in the gene expression analysis of
A. catenella
and to screen out reference genes for other algae. Alexandrium catenella is a cosmopolitan harmful algal bloom (HAB) forming dinoflagellate. To comprehend its mechanisms of bloom formation, gene expression analysis is indispensable. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) is an ideal method for swift and precise quantification of gene expression analysis that greatly relies on selection of apposite reference genes for data normalization. To date, limited studies have focused on the screening of reference genes in dinoflagellates. The unavailability of valid reference gene for normalizing poses hindrances in the appliance of qRT-PCR to the HAB forming group. The work presented here evaluated 12 reference genes for their expression stability using qRT-PCR under diverse nutritional conditions together with high light. Statistical algorithm such as RefFinder was used that analyze data using geNorm and NormFinder, comparative delta-CT method along with a combination approach that declares comprehensive ranking contingent upon the geometric mean of the results procured from other methods. Comprehensive analysis across all condition by geNorm showed ACT, IPP, and GAPDH as genes possessing highest stability followed by Tubα and ICDH. Comprehensive analysis by Normfinder declared that IPP is the most stable gene followed by ACT, CYC, GAPDH, and GTEF. Combination approach using comparative delta CT, geNorm and NormFinder analysis programs through RefFinder as well as ranking by standard deviation of delta CT declared IPP as the most stable gene followed by ACT and GAPDH. IPP, ACT, and GAPDH represented the top 4 listed stable reference genes among all the analysis methods used. The results of pairwise variation by geNorm showed that V2/V3 value under all the tested conditions was below the cut-off value of 0.15 which shows that two genes are sufficient for normalization. Our results in accord with other widely conducted studies emphasize the significance of reference gene validation in precise experimental setup before appliance to avoid serious misinterpretation of the results. It is highly expected that the procedures and outcome of the report may be helpful for future studies in the gene expression analysis of A. catenella and to screen out reference genes for other algae. |
Author | Sui, Zhenghong Liu, Yuan Du, Qingwei Niaz, Zeeshan Zhou, Wei Riaz, Sadaf Shang, Erlei JinguoWang Xing, Qikun Khan, Sohrab |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Zeeshan surname: Niaz fullname: Niaz, Zeeshan organization: Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, Hazara University – sequence: 2 givenname: Zhenghong surname: Sui fullname: Sui, Zhenghong email: suizhengh@ouc.edu.cn organization: Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education – sequence: 3 givenname: Sadaf surname: Riaz fullname: Riaz, Sadaf organization: Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences – sequence: 4 givenname: Yuan surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Yuan organization: Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education – sequence: 5 givenname: Erlei surname: Shang fullname: Shang, Erlei organization: Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education – sequence: 6 givenname: Qikun surname: Xing fullname: Xing, Qikun organization: Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education – sequence: 7 givenname: Sohrab surname: Khan fullname: Khan, Sohrab organization: Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education – sequence: 8 givenname: Qingwei surname: Du fullname: Du, Qingwei organization: Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education – sequence: 9 givenname: Wei surname: Zhou fullname: Zhou, Wei organization: Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education – sequence: 10 surname: JinguoWang fullname: JinguoWang organization: Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education |
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Snippet | Alexandrium catenella
is a cosmopolitan harmful algal bloom (HAB) forming dinoflagellate. To comprehend its mechanisms of bloom formation, gene expression... Alexandrium catenella is a cosmopolitan harmful algal bloom (HAB) forming dinoflagellate. To comprehend its mechanisms of bloom formation, gene expression... |
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SubjectTerms | Alexandrium catenella Algae Algal blooms Biomedical and Life Sciences Data Data processing Dinoflagellates DNA Ecology Freshwater & Marine Ecology Gene expression Genes Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Life Sciences Methods Normalizing Nucleotide sequence PCR Plant Physiology Plant Sciences Procedures Ranking Reverse transcription Stability Stability analysis Statistical analysis Transcription |
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Title | Identification of valid reference genes for the normalization of RT-qPCR gene expression data in Alexandrium catenella under different nutritional conditions |
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